Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease,characterized as retinitis pigmentosa and deafness.According to the severity of hearing loss,presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction,Usher syndrome is divided into 3 clinical subtypes..USH1,USH2 and USH3.Due to the genetically heterogeneous,it is important and valuable to find out the gene mutations in USH patients,which will be helpful to prenatal diagnosis,early intervention and gene therapy.Till now,the following 13 USH-related chromosomal loci were reported in the literature:USH1B,USH1C,USH1D (CDH23 gene),USH1F (PCDH15 gene),USH1G (SANS gene),USH1E,USH1H,USH1J and USH1K,USH2A,USH2C,USH2D and USH3 (CLRN1 gene).Ten out of all 13 loci have been located and identified.But more mechanisms should be further investigated,such as the relationship between the locus of gene mutations and clinical symptoms,how the modified protein structures and functions trigger clinical symptoms.

Objective To analyze the National Natural Science Foundation-supported papers on oncology published by domestic authors from 2013 to 2015 and existed problems. Methods The key words in the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation-supported papers on oncology published by domestic authors from 2013 to 2015 and SCI-covered journals and Chinese institutions that published the National Natural Science Foundation-supported papers on on-cology from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed by bibliometrics. Results The number of the National Natural Science Foundation-supported scientific projects and funds, the number of the National Natural Science Foundation-sup-ported papers on oncology published by domestic authors, and the academic level of SCI-covered journals that pub-lished the National Natural Science Foundation-supported papers on oncology from Chinese authors increased year by year from 2013 to 2015 . General and medical colleges and universities with affiliated hospitals or national key laboratories were the leading force in oncology. The hot spots in oncology were focused on basic research and malig-nant tumors. Conclusion The National Natural Science Foundation plays an active role in promoting the develop-ment of oncology in China. Although it-supported papers on oncology published by domestic authors increase year by year, problems are still existed, such as imbalance of institutions that publish papers on oncology and insuffi-cient influencing power of papers published by domestic authors.

BACKGROUND:The isokinetic muscle strength test system can quantitatively testtheshoulder flexor and extensormusclesand objectively analyze the relationship between size and balance of flexor and extensor.Therefore,itcould be used forstrength trainingmonitoringas wel asprediction and rehabilitation of sports injuries. OBJECTIVE:To understand shoulder flexor and extensor strength characteristics of adolescent softbal players, and find out shortcomings in the shoulder flexor and extensor strength to provide guidance for adolescent athletes’ strength trainingandpoint out possible sports injury risks caused by imbalanced strength. METHODS:ISOMED2000 isokinetic testing system(D&R,Germany)was employedto test theisokinetic strengthofshoulderflexor andextensor of12adolescentfemalesoftbal playersfromShanghaiSports University, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the increase of test speed, the bilateral shoulder flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor average power ratio,andthe flexor and extensor powers were reduced, but the flexor and extensor average power was on the rise. Under the same test speed,flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor peak torque ratio, the flexor and extensor average power, the flexor and extensor average power ratio and the flexor powersof the throwing shoulderwere significantly larger thanthoseofthenon-throwingshoulder(P< 0.05), whiletheextensor peak torque and the extensor average powerof thethrowingand non-throwing shouldersshowedno significant differences (P> 0.05).Under the same test speed, bilateral shoulder homonymous flexor strength ratio was larger than that of the extensor, andthe extensor powerof the throwing shoulderwas less thanthatof the non-throwingshoulder.The ratio ofhomolateralshoulder flexor and extensor ranged from 70% to 80%. These results indicate that there is a significant difference betweentheflexor strength ofthebilateral shoulders inadolescent softbal players,but the bilateralextensor strengthis similar.Flexor fast strength and extensor maximum strengthof the throwing shoulderare lower. Besides, the isokinetic muscle strength test system canbe used toevaluate the flexor and extensor strengthinadolescent softbal athletes,based on whichcoachescangivetargetedstrength traininginadolescent softbal athletes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation on endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Methods: Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in primary culture were exposed to hypoxia for 5.5 hours and subsequently reoxygenation for 2-24 hours. Western blot and RT- PCR were applied to monitor the expression change of GRP78(glucose regulated protein 78). 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG) was the positive control of this study. Then Western blot and RT- PCR were used to examine the expression of GRP78. Results: Cell viability was decreased obviously after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Compared with untreated cells, the GRP78 content of the cells had increased significantly in the hypoxia/reoxygenation cells. The level of GRP78 protein and mRNA elevated from the points of 2 hours to 24 hours after reoxygenation, and increased most obviously at the point of 4 hours after reoxygenation.(4 hours: protein level 142% of the control, mRNA level 200%). 2-DG could induce the increasing expression of GRP78 in a concentration-dependent manner from 10-50 mmol/L. Conclusion: Hypoxia/reperfusion can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat cardiomyocytes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are essential for posttranscriptional gene regulation and have important roles in physiology and pathology. The researches on function of miRNA will be a focus in the future. Several animal models have been built by transgenic technology, making important contributions to our understanding of gene function at the whole scale. Recently, the number of transgenic animal models for microRNAs and construction strategies have been increasing and diversifying. Some roles of miRNA in tumor and cardiovascular disease have been revealed by transgenic animals. Transgenic animals are becoming a kind of powerful tool in microRNA researches.

Objective To investigate the morphological and biochemical changes of primary knee joint osteoarthritis of guinea pigs and study its initial pathogenesis. To study the appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early stages of cartilage degeneration and to evaluate its values. Methods Thirty female Hartley guinea pigs were divided into postnatal 1, 3 and 6 months groups with 10 animals in each group. The degeneration of knee joint cartilage was observed. The proteoglycan (PG) and estradiol (ET) in serum were measured and the concentration of hydroxyproline (HOP), uronic acid (UA) and water ratio (WR) in articular cartilage were determined. Guinea pigs were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging ,using a 1.5T ASC-NT Gyroscan unit (Philips) magnet with 16 cm coil. Gradient echo sequences and spin echo sequences were performed in the sagittal planes at postnatal 1, 3, 6 months. Then signal intensity and thickness of cartilage were measured. The proteoglycan level was measured biochemically and histochemically. Results Degeneration of knee joint cartilage was seen in guinea pigs of 3 months old. The level of serum ET and cartilage WR were increased with age, while the value of serum PG and cartilage UA were decreased with age. The cartilage thickness and signal intensity were decreased significantly in treated knees compared with postnatal 1 month knees (P

Objective:To investigate the effects of oxaliplatin (OXA) and teniposide (VM-26) on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823.Methods:MTT assay was used to examine the inhibition rate of cell growth when cells were treated at various concentrations of OXA and VM-26 alone or in combination. The apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry (FCM). The protein expression of cell apoptosis associated proteins caspase-9 and livin were examined by immunocytochemistry. Results:OXA or VM-26 effectively inhibited the growth of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner at certain range of concentrations. The inhibitory rate of combined treatment with OXA and VM-26 was significantly higher than that of OXA or VM-26 alone (P<0.05). The value of combination index (CI) was 0.46. The rate of apoptosis cells induced by 1.25 μg/mL OXA was 6.13%, 13.86% and 21.48% at 12, 24 and 48 h. The apoptosis rate induced by 0.625 μg/mL VM-26 was 4.60%, 10.72% and 17.07% for 12, 24 and 48 h. In combined treatment group the apoptosis rate was 11.73%, 24.14% and 44.75% at 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The difference was significant between combined treatment group and single drug treatment group (P<0.05). Immunnocytochemical analysis showed that the expression of caspase-9 protein was up-regulated after being exposed to OXA (1.250 μg/mL) or OXA plus VM-26 (0.750 μg/mL), while the expression rate of livin protein was down-regulated. There were significant differences among different treatment groups as well as between treatment groups and control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:OXA combined with VM-26 has synergistic effects in inhibiting the growth and inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.

The funds of New Rural Cooperative Medical System, including the input of the state, the collective and personal, must be strictly managed and reasonably used, so as to implement the New Rural Medical System Policy well and contribute all the participated peasants. It analyzed the needs of improving the level of accounting personnel qualifications, account settings, original vouchers quality, price, charge management and medicine management process in Financial management of primary medical institutions, and put forward suggestions on improving the accounting training, access, medicine purchasing, selling and storage management, information management, information disclosure, supervision and inspection in financial management of primary medical institutions.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancers which have exclusive pathological and molecular biological characteristics.TNBC's chief feature is early recurrence,rapidly progressive and poor prognosis.Operation,chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the major therapies for TNBC.In recent years,with the developing of the research,new chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapies are applied to clinical therapy gradually.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the basis of biological process of embryonic development,and is also closely related with tumor cell in situ invasion and distant metastasis.Recent studies find that EMT and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a close relationship.CSCs have a strong ability to selfrenewal,tumorigenicity and cell differentiation potential.Identifing the markers,in-depth study of CSCs resistance,may provide a new path for cancer treatment.