This paper aims to elucidate the great impact of Latin, one of the most ancient languages, on the formation and development of English for Medical Purpose(EMP)from the historical point of view, and meanwhile provides it with detailed evidence in phonetic, lexical and grammatical respects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different respiratory mask pressure on the upper airway volume(UAV),and to compare the changes of UAV between patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and normal adults. METHODS Thirty three patients with OSAHS and thirty normal adults were included in this study.CT scan evaluated the UAV from roof of nasopharynx to glottis.UAV under different respiratory mask pressure between patients with OSAHS and normal adults were compared.RESULTS Patients with OSAHS had less UAV,and changes of UAV per cmH_2O were significantly smaller in patients with OSAHS than normal adults.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the quantitative data of UAV and changes of UAV per cmH_2O can be obtained.Upper airway anatomic narrowing and reduced airway distensible degree are major etiological factors for OSAHS.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis can cause severe effect on spinal cord or other tissue and organ sometimes.OBJECTIVE: To establish cirrhosis model with rat liver injured by tetrachloride so as to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Anatomy Department of Capital University of Medical Sciences from March 2002 to December 2003. Totally 20 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into cirrhosis group and normal group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Cirrhosis model in cirrhosis group was established with rat liver injured by tetrachloride, but rats in normal group were not treated with any method. After 3 months, total rats in the two groups were perfused and fixed; meanwhile, tissue of spinal cord was taken out for section.Quantity and gray degree of NOS positive cell in spinal cord of rats with cirrhosis were measured with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate-diaphorase (NADHP-d) histochemical method and Leica Q500IW image analysis system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups; [2] Distribution of NOS positive cell of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty rats all entered the final analysis. [1] Gray degree of NOS positive neurons of rats in the two groups was 60 (P ＞ 0.05). [2] In the area of gray matter of spinal cord, NOS positive cells were mainly distributed over the circumference of central canal, i.e. the Ⅹ layer of spinal cord and intermediolateral nucleus. Color of NADHP-d was positive, and the cellular form was shaped in triangle and fusiform. Cellular nucleus was not colored but color of cytoplasm was deep. The size of cells was moderate mainly of 25 μm. NOS positive cells were generally distributed averagely over intermediate zone of gray matter in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and had no specific changes.CONCLUSION: Expression of NOS in spinal cord of rats in the cirrhosis group and the normal group is probably identical. Distributive characteristics of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in spinal cord suggest that adjustment on low sympathetic nerve of rats with cirrhosis is not different from that of the normal.

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and clinic characteristics and result of coronary artery angiography of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Two hundreds and seven patients for coronary artery angiography were divided into CHD group and control group.Their clinical data and results of coronary artery angiography were analyzed through statistics.Results SUA levels of CHD patients were significantly higher than the control subjects SUA(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of aldosterone producing adreral cortical neoplasms,and analyse the reason of misdiagnosis. Methods From 1998 to 2005,118 patients with aldosterone producing adrenal cortical neoplasms were diagnosed and treated.of these patients,age of onset was(37.3±8.4)years,age of diagnosis was(44.54-10.1)years.The age of 46 EH patients in the control group was(45.6±14.2)years.The information of the history,plasma/urine potassium,the ratio of night/day urine volume,PRA,PAC,ratio of erect position ALD/renin were recorded and analyzed.The diagnosis was all confirmed by surgery and pathological studies. Results It was found that plasma potassium(2.6±0.7)mmol/L;urine potassium(56.0±31.2)mmol/24 h,PRA(2.1±1.2)μg·L-1·h-1,PAC(840.5±527.1)pmol/L,ratio of erect position ALD/renin (254.24±153.4)in APA group.And plasma potassium concentration was(3.9±0.5)mmol/L,urine potassium(13.0±5.3)mmol/24 h,PRA(9.34±3.4)μg·L-1·h-1,PAC(393.94±216.4)pmol/L,ratio of erect position ALD/renin(23.94±15.5)in EH terms.There were significant differences between APA and EH groups(P<0.05).Average time of misdiagnosis in APA was(7.2±6.2)years,7 cases (6%)had complication before diagnosis.In all the patients,serum potassium level elevated to normalange within 1 month postoperatively.In 100 cases out of 118,the blood pressure dropped to normal range within three months after surgery.There were significant differences of the age of onset[(34.5 ±9.1)versus(48.5±12.1)years],persistence time of hypertension[(6.2±5.2)versus(8.85±6.6)years] and the ratio of night/day urine volume(0.9±0.7)versus(1.3±0.6),between normal and high postoperative blood pressure patients(P

We reviewed the role of COX-2 independent targets of celecoxib and related compounds in cancer prevention and treatment. Direct non-COX-2 targets of celecoxib might be protein-dependent kinase 1 (PDK-1),Ca+ ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and so on; all of which are inhibited by celecoxib and are the main components in various pathways. Inhibition of these proteins leads to the induction of apoptnsis, the inhibition of cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, which are the main mechanisms by which celecoxib exerts its anticarcinogenic activity.

Postoperative ileus is commonly referred to the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility after ab-dominal surgery. Some causes are responsible for the ileus, including postoperative pain and electrolyte im-balances, and manipulations during surgery. Although gastrointestinal motility normalizes spontaneously in most patients, some develop severe to postoperative ileus, which is difficult to treat, with a delayed recovery from surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and increased treatment costs. So, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of postoperative ileus for effective prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the changes and correlation between platelet activation and inflammatory response in patients with essential hypertension(EH). Methods Sixty-one patients with essential hypertension and sixty-four patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia as control group were enrolled in the study. The levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and mean platelet volume ( MPV ) were measured and compared between the control group and the essential hypertension group. Results Compared with the control group,the levels of hs-CRP and MPV in the EH group were significantly higher( [3.51 ± 1.95]mg/L vs [ 1.15 ± 0. 77 ] mg/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The MPV in the EH group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( [ 11.29 ± 2. 18 ] flvs [ 9. 20 ± 2. 31 ] fl, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The level of hs-CRP positively correlated to the level of M PV (r = 0. 452, P = 0. 003 ). Conlusions There were inflammatory response and platelet activation in patients with EH and the serum levels of hs-CRP and MPV is correlated with the development of essential hypertension.

Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation