0.05).Conclusion The isotonic contrast medium has litter effect on the renal function of the patients with high risk factors.

The pharmacodynamics of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administered by different routes to rats was investigated in this paper. The hypotensive effect of PGE1 was used as an index of drug efficacy, pharmacodynamic parameters such as time to reach peak effect (Tmax), maximal percentage of blood pressure decrease (Emax, %), duration of effect (Td), and the area determined after PGE1 given to rats intranasally, sublingually, intraperitoneally (ip),and intramuscularly (im), separately, and compared with those obtained from intravenous (iv) administration. Similar to iv route, the pharmacodynamic parameters of PGE1 from the other administration routes, Emax, Td and in particular AUC values were all increased with increasing doses, showing dose-efficacy relationship. Tmax was found to be approximately 3-4 min for nasal route, 3-8 min for im, 6-8 min for ip and 12-30 min for sublingual route, separately. Thus, the order of magnitude of absorption rate of the drug was as follows: nasal≈im＞ip＞sublingual. If the pharmacological bioavailability (PF) for each administration route was used as a tentative measure of drug absorption extent, the order of magnitude of absolute bioavailability appeared as follows: nasal＞im≈ip＞sublingual. Furthermore, the interindividual difference was found to be larger for im and ip route than that for nasal and sublingual route. These results indicate nasal and sublingual routes are two promising routes for the systemic delivery of PGE1 in clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the best models of esophageal cancer surgical approaches,lymphadenectomy ranges and postoperative comprehensive treatment.Methods From January 1998 to December 2007 in 10 years,1 162 cases of different parts with esophageal cancer were analysized which were treated with surgically adopting sequential abdomen,chest,neck three-incision approaches.Taking three-step screening way of preoperative imaging,preoperative ultrasound localigation fineneedle aspiration biopsy cytology and intraoperative rapid fieezing pathological examination were applied to make the selectivity of the first-times cervico-thoraco-abdominal three-field lymph node dissection (3FLND),first-times standard thoracoabdominal two-field lymph node dissection (2FLND) and second-times third-field cervical lymphadenectomy.Meanwhile,we implemented actively postoperative comprehensive treatment and observed the overall clinical efficacy and long-term survival.Results In the group of 1 162 cases with esophageal cancer surgery.The operating resection rate was 100 ％,Radical resection of 97.6 ％ (1 134/1 162).Perioperative overall complication rate was 16.4 ％ (191/1 162).Anastigmatic fistula was 0.6 ％ (7/1 162).Five cases dead in 30 days after surgery.The whole group of lymph node metastasis rate was 52.6 ％ (611/1 162),lymph node metastasis degree in 12.1％ (3 092/25 564).Full group of the first-times 3FLND was 348 cases.The positive rate was 94.8 ％ (330/348),Implementing the first-times 2FLND was in 814 cases and the second-times thirdfield cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 89 cases.The postoperative complications of the 3FLND was significantly higher than that of 2FLND (23.6 ％ vs 13.4 ％).The difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.37,P ＜ 0.001).However,The difference was not statistically significant between 3FLND and 2FLND (P ＞ 0.05).There is no significant difference between the first-times 3FLND with the second-times 3FLND accumulating survival (P ＞ 0.05).But different degree of lymph node metastasis determined prognosis.The difference was significant (x2 =35.57,P ＜ 0.001).In our group the postoperative comprehensive treatment application rate was 87.2 ％.Surgery combined with comprehensive treatment overall 1,3,5 years survival rates were 92.1％,69.2 ％,49.6 ％ respectively.Conclusions The sequential three-incision approaches and selectivity of lymph node dissection have the radical nature thoroughly,fewer complications,high quality of life and the long-term survival advantages.It should be a widely used method in the clinical surgery of the esophageal cancer.Implementing the three-step screening way to selecting the first-times 3FLND,the firsttimes 2FLND and the second-times third-field cervical lymphadenectomy that have targeted strongly and high accuracy,a definite object in view and avoiding patient excessive trauma.Applying the comprehensive treatment after surgery and the re-treated of patients with recurrence that can further more improve the longterm survival of patients.The comprehensive treatment should be the target direction of the future development of esophageal cancer.

The selenium levels in plasma and liver of rats suffered from 3rd degree burn of 20% BSA on dorsum were significantly decreased, plasma VE dropped too, while the VE contents of RBC and liver were as high as those in control group. After giving 2.3?g selenium/100g bw as selenite to the burned rats, the VE contents of RBC and liver as well as plasma were then decreased as compared with control. The content of plasma total sulfhydryl group decreased more in selenium-supplemented group than in burned control.These results indicated that the requirement of VE probably increased after supplementation of selenium in burned rats.

Incised wounds were made in rabbits, and some of the wounds were dressed with chitosan, and others with gauze. After bleeding stopped, hemoglobin in dressings was measured to determine the hemostaic effect. Wounds were redressed, and healing process was studied histologically. The results showed that less Hb was detected in chitosandressing than in gauze. On day 9 after wounding, the content of granulation tissue and collagen formation in the chitosan dressed wounds was more than that in Vaseline gauze dressed group. It suggests that chitosan dressing is effective in hemostasis for incised wounds and may be helpful in wound healing process.

Objective To observe the effect of naloxone(Naloxone,NAL) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and to explore its mechanism.Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (Con group),ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group),ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group) and naloxone pretreatment group (Nal+I/R group).Changes of cardiac function,myocardial infarct size and occurrence of arrhythmias after ischemia-reperfusion in each roup were observed.Changes of myocardium under light microscope ultrastructural in each group were also observed.Apoptosis situation in each group was detected by TUNEL assay.Results Compared with th IR group,IPC group and Nal+I/R group showed significantly improvement in cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion (P

Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway was firstly discovered in the regulation of embryonic segments development in Drosophila; later, the biochemical and functional homologs of Drosophila HH signaling genes were also isolated in vertebrates (including human). Researchers found that HH signaling not only controls the embryonic development, but also plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Gli, a zinc finger transcription factor in the vertebral HH signaling pathway, combines to the special sequences of distal HH targeted genes and directly controls the transcription of targeted genes, playing a key role in HH signaling pathway. In this article, we summarize the role of Gli in HH signaling pathway and its prospect in cancer therapy.

In order to raise international comprehensive medical talents to have strong competition capability,the bilingual teaching is on the rise in the domain of medical education. Questionnaire-based survey among the 5-year-proguam medicinal undergraduate students was conducted to investigate the students'learning condition,acquaintanceship and requirements on the bilingual teaching so as to further reform and explore ways to improve the quality of bilingual teaching

Objective:To assess the effects of dental treatment under general anesthesia on the life quality of children and their families.Methods:59 children aged 3 to 6-year-old were included.Parents were required to complete the early childhood oral health impact scales(ECOHIS) before and 1 month after dental treatment under general anesthesia.The questionnaire includes child impact section(CIS) and family impact section(FIS).Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.Results:55 out of the 59 parents completed the qustionnaire.After treatment the total ECOHIS scores decreased by 51％ (P ＜ 0.001),overall child impact section scores decreased by 50％ (P ＜0.001),and family impact section scores decreased by 53％ (P ＜0.001),revealing a large effect size(ES) for the child(1.4) and family (4.0) sections of the ECOHIS.Conclusion:Dental treatment under general anesthesia for uncooperative young children with extensive dental problems can improve the quality of life of both children and their families.

Objective To detect the expression levels of RAD21(S.Pombe RAD21 homolog)in lung cancer,and assess its clinical significance and potential functions. Methods The expression level of RAD21 in lung cancer was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry meth?ods;the RAD21 mRNA expression in lung cancer was analyzed through Oncomine database;the relationship between the RAD21 expression levels and prognosis in patients with lung cancer was studied by Kaplan Meier curve;the RAD21 functions in lung cancer were predicted by using gene set enrichment analysis. Results Compared with adjacent normal tissue,the protein level of RAD21 in lung tissues were upregulated . The data from Oncomine database showed that RAD21 mRNA levels were significantly higher than the normal control groups in multiple lung cancer datasets(P<0.01);in addition,Kaplan?Meier survival curves showed that the RAD21 expression levels was correlated with the survival of patients with lung can?cer(P<0.05);gene set enrichment analysis indicated that RAD21 was mainly enriched in apoptotic signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation gene sets. Conclusion The downregulated RAD21 could be used as a biomarker to assess the prognosis of lung cancer patients. In addition, RAD21 may be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis,which affects the development and progression of lung cancer.