0.05).Conclusion The isotonic contrast medium has litter effect on the renal function of the patients with high risk factors.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RLIP) combined with electro-acupuncture postconditioning (EAP) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Seventy male Sprague-lDawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =14 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,RLIP group,EAP group and RLIP combined with EAP group (group RLIP +EAP).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MCAO was maintained for 120 min.The animals were subjected to 3 cycles of 15 min ischemia of bilateral hind limbs followed by 30 s reperfusion starting from onset of reperfusion.Dazhui and Baihui acupoints were stimulated with electric stimulator (frequency 15 Hz/2 Hz,intensity 1 mA) for 30 min starting from onset of reperfusion.Neurological deficit scores (NDSs) were evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed and brains were removed to measure the infarct size and for microscopic examination of pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.The number of survival neurons was counted.The apoptosis in neurons was determined by TUNEL.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly increased,and the number of survival neurons was decreased in the other four groups.Compared with group I/R,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in EAP,RLIP and RLIP+EAP groups.Compared with RLIP and EAP groups,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in group RLIP+ EAP.Conclusion The combination of RLIP and EAP provides better efficacy than either alone in attenuating focal cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the best models of esophageal cancer surgical approaches,lymphadenectomy ranges and postoperative comprehensive treatment.Methods From January 1998 to December 2007 in 10 years,1 162 cases of different parts with esophageal cancer were analysized which were treated with surgically adopting sequential abdomen,chest,neck three-incision approaches.Taking three-step screening way of preoperative imaging,preoperative ultrasound localigation fineneedle aspiration biopsy cytology and intraoperative rapid fieezing pathological examination were applied to make the selectivity of the first-times cervico-thoraco-abdominal three-field lymph node dissection (3FLND),first-times standard thoracoabdominal two-field lymph node dissection (2FLND) and second-times third-field cervical lymphadenectomy.Meanwhile,we implemented actively postoperative comprehensive treatment and observed the overall clinical efficacy and long-term survival.Results In the group of 1 162 cases with esophageal cancer surgery.The operating resection rate was 100 ％,Radical resection of 97.6 ％ (1 134/1 162).Perioperative overall complication rate was 16.4 ％ (191/1 162).Anastigmatic fistula was 0.6 ％ (7/1 162).Five cases dead in 30 days after surgery.The whole group of lymph node metastasis rate was 52.6 ％ (611/1 162),lymph node metastasis degree in 12.1％ (3 092/25 564).Full group of the first-times 3FLND was 348 cases.The positive rate was 94.8 ％ (330/348),Implementing the first-times 2FLND was in 814 cases and the second-times thirdfield cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 89 cases.The postoperative complications of the 3FLND was significantly higher than that of 2FLND (23.6 ％ vs 13.4 ％).The difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.37,P ＜ 0.001).However,The difference was not statistically significant between 3FLND and 2FLND (P ＞ 0.05).There is no significant difference between the first-times 3FLND with the second-times 3FLND accumulating survival (P ＞ 0.05).But different degree of lymph node metastasis determined prognosis.The difference was significant (x2 =35.57,P ＜ 0.001).In our group the postoperative comprehensive treatment application rate was 87.2 ％.Surgery combined with comprehensive treatment overall 1,3,5 years survival rates were 92.1％,69.2 ％,49.6 ％ respectively.Conclusions The sequential three-incision approaches and selectivity of lymph node dissection have the radical nature thoroughly,fewer complications,high quality of life and the long-term survival advantages.It should be a widely used method in the clinical surgery of the esophageal cancer.Implementing the three-step screening way to selecting the first-times 3FLND,the firsttimes 2FLND and the second-times third-field cervical lymphadenectomy that have targeted strongly and high accuracy,a definite object in view and avoiding patient excessive trauma.Applying the comprehensive treatment after surgery and the re-treated of patients with recurrence that can further more improve the longterm survival of patients.The comprehensive treatment should be the target direction of the future development of esophageal cancer.

Objective To detect the expression levels of RAD21(S.Pombe RAD21 homolog)in lung cancer,and assess its clinical significance and potential functions. Methods The expression level of RAD21 in lung cancer was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry meth?ods;the RAD21 mRNA expression in lung cancer was analyzed through Oncomine database;the relationship between the RAD21 expression levels and prognosis in patients with lung cancer was studied by Kaplan Meier curve;the RAD21 functions in lung cancer were predicted by using gene set enrichment analysis. Results Compared with adjacent normal tissue,the protein level of RAD21 in lung tissues were upregulated . The data from Oncomine database showed that RAD21 mRNA levels were significantly higher than the normal control groups in multiple lung cancer datasets(P<0.01);in addition,Kaplan?Meier survival curves showed that the RAD21 expression levels was correlated with the survival of patients with lung can?cer(P<0.05);gene set enrichment analysis indicated that RAD21 was mainly enriched in apoptotic signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation gene sets. Conclusion The downregulated RAD21 could be used as a biomarker to assess the prognosis of lung cancer patients. In addition, RAD21 may be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis,which affects the development and progression of lung cancer.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; etiology ; therapy ; Male

Objective To investigate the effects of hypothermia combined with sevoflurane on myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) of the left ventricle in rabbits in vitro. Methods Adult rabbits weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were sacrificed after heparinized and anesthetized.The hearts were immediately removed and perfused with K-H soluation saturated with 95%O2-5%CO2 at 37℃ in a Langendorff apparatus. Forty-eight isolated hearts were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ control group (group C), Ⅱ low concentration sevoflurane group ( group S1 ), Ⅲ high concentration sevoflurane group (group S2 ), Ⅳ hypothermia group (group H), Ⅴ hypothermia + low concentration sevoflurane (group HS1 ) and Ⅵ hypothermia + high concentraion sevoflurane (group HS2 ).Group C received continous perfusion. Group S1and S2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 37 ℃ for 30 min respectively. Group H received perfusion with K-H solution at 30℃ for 30 min. Group HS1 and HS2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 30℃ respectively.MAPs of epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium of the left ventricle were recorded. MAP duration at 90%repolarization(MAPD90)and TDR were calculated. Early after-depolarization,delayed after-depolarization and arrhythmia were also recorded. Results Compared with group C, MAPD90 of the 3 layers of ventricle was significandy prolonged, the incidence of arrhythmia increased in group H (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in TDR among all groups ( P＞0.05). There was no interaction between sevoflurane and hypothermia (P＞0.05), and it only showed that MAPD90 was prolonged by hypothermia (P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Hypothermia combined with sevoflurane exerts no significant effects on myocardial MAP and TDR of ventricles in rabbits, and sevoflurane decreases the incidence of hypothermia-induced arrhythmia through inhibiting the prolongation of MAPD90.

The pharmacodynamics of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administered by different routes to rats was investigated in this paper. The hypotensive effect of PGE1 was used as an index of drug efficacy, pharmacodynamic parameters such as time to reach peak effect (Tmax), maximal percentage of blood pressure decrease (Emax, %), duration of effect (Td), and the area determined after PGE1 given to rats intranasally, sublingually, intraperitoneally (ip),and intramuscularly (im), separately, and compared with those obtained from intravenous (iv) administration. Similar to iv route, the pharmacodynamic parameters of PGE1 from the other administration routes, Emax, Td and in particular AUC values were all increased with increasing doses, showing dose-efficacy relationship. Tmax was found to be approximately 3-4 min for nasal route, 3-8 min for im, 6-8 min for ip and 12-30 min for sublingual route, separately. Thus, the order of magnitude of absorption rate of the drug was as follows: nasal≈im＞ip＞sublingual. If the pharmacological bioavailability (PF) for each administration route was used as a tentative measure of drug absorption extent, the order of magnitude of absolute bioavailability appeared as follows: nasal＞im≈ip＞sublingual. Furthermore, the interindividual difference was found to be larger for im and ip route than that for nasal and sublingual route. These results indicate nasal and sublingual routes are two promising routes for the systemic delivery of PGE1 in clinical applications.

BACKGROUND:It is a key to choose an appropriate method to trans-differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)into neuron-like cells for clinical therapy of neural system injury.OBJECTIVE:To observe the feasibility of the differentiation of rat BMSCs supplemented with rat dentate gyrus extract(DGE)into neuron-like cells.METHODS:DGE was applied to induce rat BMSC trans-differentiation,using 20,40,60,80 mg/L protein concentration.Neuron differentiation was measured using Western blot to screen an optimal dosage.After trans-differentiation,different concentration treated cells were collected.Morphology change was observed following differentiation under an inverted microscope.Neuron specific enolase(NSE)and NeuN expression was determined using Western blot.NeuN expression in cells was detected using immunofluorescence technique.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 7 days,60 mg/L DGE was the optimal induction dose detected by Western blot.With increased concentration,NSE and NeuN expression was increased.At 80 mg/L mass concentration,NSE and NeuN expression was reduced.At 60 mg/L DGE,BMSCs following induction became long,with synapses,Immunofluorescence NeuN staining found that neuron-like cells were positive for NeuN following induction.Results indicated that DGE is an effective biological inductor that can induce BMSC differentiation.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypothermia combined with sevoflurane on expression of myocardial gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in isolated rabbit hearts.Methods Healthy adult rabbits of both sexes,weighing 1.5-2.0 kg,were sacrificed after anesthetization.The hearts were rapidly excised and perfused in a langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 at 37 ℃ in a langendorff apparatus.Forty isolated hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C),hypothermia group (group H) and hypothermia combined with sevoflurane group (group HS).At 15 min of equilibration,the perfusion with K-H solution was continued at 37 ℃ in group C,K-H solution saturated with 2.4％ sevoflurane was perfused at 37 ℃ in group S,K-H solution was perfused at 30 ℃ in group H,and K-H solution saturated with 2.4％ sevoflurane was perfused at 30 ℃ in group HS.At 30 min of perfusion,myocardial specimens were obtained from the anterior wall of the left ventricle for detection of the expression of Cx43 in myocardial cells (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot).Results Compared with group C,Cx43 expression was downregualted in group H (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in Cx43 expression in S and HS groups (P ＞ 0.05).Cx43 levels distributed mainly in the intercalated disc in S and HS groups,and in H group the distribution of Cx43 levels in the intercalated disc was less,but the percentages of lateralized Cx43 were increased.Conclusion Sevofurane can inhibit hypothermia-induced down-regulation and distribution disturbance of myocardial Cx43 expression,which may be the mechanism by which sevofurane inhibits hypothermia-induced arrhythmia.

In order to evaluate the overall situation of projects granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the 11th five-year plan period,the data about applications and approved NSFC projects at Cancer Institute and Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CIH CAMS) were analyzed and compared with those of the 10th five-year plan period.It showed that the number of granted NSFC projects increased and the structure of program type maintained during the 11th five-year plan period.The program researchers were younger and had better education background.The quality and quantity of both the General Program projects and Young Scientists Fund projects were at high level.