Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent dye which has various advantages including high absorption,low toxicity,not involved in biotransformation in vivo and rapid excretion in near-infrared range.Due to the high penetrating ability in biological tissues and low rate of being affected by other factors,near-infrared optical imaging has become a major method of functional imaging and diagnosis.It shows great prospects in optical detection.As the only clinical using near-infrared optical imaging contrast enhancer approved by FDA,ICG has been widely used in biomedical imaging,photodynamic therapy,pathology detection and many other medical related areas.This article focuses on the recent development of ICG application,especially concentrates on the clinical uses.

OBJECTIVE To establish the method to determine the microbial limit tests for Shuyu Capsules.METHODS According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition,two testing methods had different percentage recovery with 5 control trains.RESULTS Shuyu Capsules were Tradional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and that had antimicrobial effects,which could be eliminated by media dilution method.CONCLUSIONS This method can achieve the destination which is feasible and accurate.

Objective To study the effect of intra-pulmonary arterial anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody(TNF-α Ab) on ultra-structure of lung after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ-Ⅲ underwent CPB; group Ⅳ only received open chest operation.In the group Ⅱ,rabbit TNF-α Ab(27 ng/kg) was dropped into the pulmonary artery when the aorta was clamped and CPB continued 30 minute.Pulmonary arterial perfusion was given to the group I instead.Blood TNF-α and neutrophils count from right and left atrium and oxygenation index in the four groups were determined perioperatively.Lung water content,TNF-αmessenger RNA,Bcl-2 protein,Bax protein,Bcl-2/Bax,apoptosis index and pathomorphological change were measured in the lung tissues.Results TNF-α Ab can restrain leukocyte accumulation and reduce releasing of TNF-α in the lung and improve oxygenation index.Moreover,TNF-α Ab can reduce the expression of Bax on alveolar epithelial cells and alleviate the decreasing of the expression of Bcl-2.It can also reduce the occurrence of apoptosis and attenuate pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue.Conclusion Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody markedly lessens the injury of inflammatory reaction and ultra-structure of lung after CPB via Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Objective To preliminarily explore the effects and brain protective mechanism of intermittent hypoxia preconditioning ( IHP) on rats with seizures induced by lithium-pilocarpine ( Li-pilo) .Methods A total of 96 8-week old male Sprague Dawley rats ( clean grade ) were randomly divided into control group , seizure group and four IHP-seizure groups.The animal model of epilepsy was established by intraperitoneal injection of Li-pilo in the seizure group and four IHP-seizure groups (Li-pilo was injected at 1, 3, 7, or 14 days after a 5-day regimen of IHP).Subsequent seizure behavior , the latency period and percentage of generalized seizures were quantitatively evaluated for 240 min and the cognitive function was tested by Morris water maze task , and followed by the detection of hippocampus neuron apoptosis and related protein (BCL-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3) by TUNEL labeling and Western blot, respectively.Results The induced seizure peaked on an average between 50-150 min after Li-pilo administration , scored using a modified Racine scale.The average scores of modified Racine scale in the IHP-3d seizure group was significantly lower than that in the other groups.The latency period and percentage of generalized seizures in the IHP-3d seizure group rats were significantly different from the parameters in the seizure group rats (P<0.05).IHP-3d seizure rats showed lower escape latency, neuronal apoptosis counts and higher percentage of time in the probe quadrant compare with the seizure group and the other three IHP-seizure groups ( P <0.05 ) .Compared with the control group , the parameters of water maze and apoptosis detection in the IHP-3d seizure group showed no significant changes (P>0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that IHP treatment may help to decrease the susceptibility to epilepsy by reducing abnormal apoptosis , and has a brain protective effect on the seizure rats .

BACKGROUND: Chronic osteomyelitis is difficult to manage clinically, and two or more operations were commonly needed. No satisfactory method for one-stage repair has been currently available.OBJECTIVE: To examine the possibility of using fibrin glue(FG) as the common carrier for both bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and gentamicin for one-stage repair of infected bone defects.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Center of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Area Command of of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted using 48 healthy adult Chinchilla rabbits of either sex on normal diet with body mass of 1.9 to 2.4 kg,provided by the Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou, Gansu Province.INTERVENTIONS: Animal models of chronic osteomyelitis were established in 48 Chinchilla rabbits, and after thorough debriding of the wounds,an elongated semicircular bone defect was induced 1.5 cm to the medial proximal metaphysis in the tibias. Three treatments were subsequently given with FG, MP and gentamicin complex(Group A), FG/BMP complex(Group B), and nothing(control group, Group C), respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The general conditions of the rabbits were observed postoperatively. Bacterial culture of the bone specimen, bacterial counting, X-ray and histological examination were performed.RESULTS: Rabbits in Group A exhibited obviously better infection control and greater regenerated bone mass than those in Group B, and no significant difference was noted in infection control between Groups B and C, the latter group showing poor bone defect repair.CONCLUSIONS: FG, BMP and gentamicin complex helps to control infection and promotes bone formation, and can be used to repair bone defects caused by infection and open injury with severe contamination.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety,and short-term therapeutic effect of laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection without splenectomy for cirrhotic portal hypertension (PLT count ＞ 50 × 109/L).Methods Clinical data of 48 patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism (PLT count ＞ 50 × 109/L) undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD,n =26) vs.laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection (LD,n =22) between January 2014 and August 2015 were analyzed.Results Operative time (82 ± 29) min,intraoperative blood loss 20(10-50) ml,days of postoperative fever 0(0-3) d,rate of postoperative fever 10/22,postoperative hospital stay (7.0 ± 1.3) d,and WBC counts (3.8 ± 1.6) × 109/L,PLT counts 64 (49-88) × 109/L,and the incidence of portal vein thrombosis on POD 7 (14％),were significantly less in LD group than in LSD group [(180±41) min,80(20-500) ml,2(0-4) d,(22/26),(10.8 ±3.0) d,(9.1 ±3.1) × 109/L,156 (78-630) × 109/L,(42％)],(t =9.637,Z =-4.746,Z =-2.314,x2 =8.224,t =5.794,t =7.785,Z=-5.508,x2 =4.742,all P ＜ 0.05).Immune function was better in LD group than in splenectomy group at postoperative month 3.The serum proportion of CD4 + (58 ± 11) and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio (1.9 ±0.7) at postoperative month 3 were significantly higher after LD than after LSD [(43 ± 14),(1.2 ± 0.9)],(t =-3.755,t =-2.509,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection without splenectomy is safe and effective for esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage and moderate hypersplenism (PLT ＞ 50 × 109/L) secondary to portal hypertension.

Cytochrome P 4501 A 1, Cytochrome P 4501 B 1,Vascular endothelial growth factorand carbonic anhydrase Ⅸ belong to the downstream genes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)and hypoxia inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathways. The abnormal expression of those genes were regarded to associated with the occurrence,development and angiogenesis of lung cancer. In this paper, the relationship between CYP1 A 1,CYP1 B 1,VEGF,CAⅨgenes and lung cancer was summarized, which aims to provide new ideas for lung cancer research.

Objective To investigate the application value of percutaneous sinus-tract cholangioscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of residual intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 1 045 patients with intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones who underwent percutaneous sinus-tract cholangioscopy or stone extraction in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2003 to June 2016 were collected.Patients received percutaneous sinus-tract cholangioscopy or stone extraction at 6-8 weeks after T tube drainage.Observation indicators:(1) diagnosis and stone extraction situstions:cases with residual stones,stone extraction frequency and clearance rate;the critics of clearance rate are no residual stone dnring operation combined with B ultrasound or T-tube cholangiography;(2) postoperative complications:incidence and management of postoperative complications,prognosis and ClavienDindo classification for postoperative complication;(3) follow-up situation.T-tube was removed when there was no residual stone.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination up to April 2017.B ultrasound reexamination was performed to detect the recurrence of stone once every 3-6 months.Results (1) Diagnosis and stone extraction situstions:among 1 045 patients,results of cholangioscopy showed 147 wihout bile duct stones and 898with bile duct stones.Of 898 patients,2 618 times cholangioscopic explorations for stone extraction were performed,with a maximum frequency of 16 times,and 851 had stones clearance,with a overall clearance rate of 94.77％(851/898).The clearance rates of extra-and intra-hepatic bile duct stones were 100.00％(221/221) and 93.06％(630/677).Of 47 patients with residual stones,16 didn't receive cholangioscopy due to branches stricture or occlusion of intrahepatic duct,13 failed to take out stone due to T-tube dislodgement (9 cases) and improper placement (4 cases) induced closed T-tube sinus tract,7 had T-tube sinus tract duodenal fistula,6 gave up stone extraction,3 was due to longer sinus tract induced bending and 2 was due to T-tube sinus tract fracture.(2)Postoperative complications:among 1 045 patients,297 had level Ⅰ-Ⅱ mild complications and 13 had level Ⅲand above severe complications.The common complications included fever,vomiting,diarrhea and so on;the special complications included T-tube sinus tract duodenal fistula of 13 patients,T-tube sinus tract fracture of 4 patients,rupture of broken stones pole of 3 patients,massive hemobilia of 2 patients,acute pancreatitis of 2patients and cardiac arrest of 1 patient.The above complications were improved by symptomatic and supportive treatments.(3) Follow-up situation:among 1 045 patients,558 received long-term follow-up,with follow-up time of 10-171 months and a median time of 79 months.Eight-four patients had stone recurrence.Of 13 patients with recurrence of extrahepatic bile duct stones,7 took out stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) and 6 underwent reoperations.Of 71 patients with recurrence of intrahepatic bile duct stones,43underwent reoperations and 28 received conservative treatment.Conclusions Percutaneous sinus-tract cholangioscopy for residual intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones is safe and effective,with good diagnosis and treatment values and a high clerance rate.The integrity of T-tube sinus-tract is a key of complete stones removal.

A fusion protein of glucagons-like peptide-1 and human serum albumin (GLP-1/HSA) was expressed and secreted into the fermentation broth with recombinant Pichia pastoris. The productivity of expressed GLP-1/HSA could reach 63.6mg/L in 10L fermentor. After concentrated with hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane, GLP-1/HSA was purified from fermentation broth by hydrophobic chromatography, negative ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in turn. The HPLC analysis showed that the purified GLP-1/HSA had an overall purity of 95.8%. Furthermore, the analysis of in vivo activity indicated that GLP-1/HSA had the bioactivity of native GLP-1, and could significantly reduce blood glucose level 4h after intraperitoneal administration. It was concluded that a great deal of GLP-1/HSA with higher purity could be harvested by Pichia pastoris expression system and the established purification methods. Preliminary studies show a new potential for developing the long-acting GLP-1 analogs for clinical applications.

Objective The aim of this study was to generate human cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) transgenic rabbits and analyze their biological properties.Methods We generated human CETP transgenic rabbits by DNA microinjection, and detected the expression of human CETP by real-time PCR and Western blot assay.The activity of CETP was measured using an activity assay kit.Results Human CETP transgenic rabbits were successfully generated by DNA microinjection.Compared with wide type rabbits, the expression of human CETP was dramatically increased in the liver of the human CETP transgenic rabbits.The plasma CETP activity was also much higher in the liver of human CETP transgenic rabbits than that of control rabbits.Conclusions The model of human CETP transgenic rabbits is successfully established by DNA microinjection.It will provide a useful tool for the studies of CETP biological function and its involvement in the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases.