Urine-incontinence is most significant disease in general population its rate between 10-47%. One of the most widespreeding 10 disease’s one is incontinence in USA, In European population 17%, In Russian 16%. Stress incontinence prevalence in Mongolian women, 78.1% was urban population, 21.9% was rural. In already diagnosed population 30% of them were non-treatment group, 32.25% were underwent surgical treatment. Early diagnose, right treatment option choice, value of surgical treatment all of its result is valuable in practice. Urogynecology Division of First Maternity Hospital Of Mongolia patients who underwent urodynamic machine their economic background, etiological factors, symptoms, maternal status, gynecological check up result all of these factors were calculated by PAD- test. Positive patients diagnostic and treatment options were determined by machine. Prospective study were done within 43 women who diagnosed by urodynamic machine. We reassumed pre and post – treatment patient’s incontinence symptoms by machine. 79.3% percent of women diagnosed with stress incontinence had a history of coffee or tea usage. / p<0.01, QR=0.38/. Birth injury such as vaginal or perineal tear showed statistically significant impact on urine incontinency (82%) /p<0.04, QR=0.31/. Among the signs of urine incontinence, dribbling of urine during physical load was a statistically significant sign of stress incontinence. /p<0.04, QR=0.38/ The result of Pad test showed significantly low statistic importance compare to stress incontinence/p<0.01, QR=0.35/. The result of Pad test showed significantly low statistic importance compare to stress incontinence /p<0.01, QR=0.35/. 41/95%/ women showed normal bladder volume while 5% showed low bladder volume which is lower than 300 ml. Residual urine more than 100 ml showed statistically significant relation with stress incontinence /p<0.03, Q=0.32/. The main symptom of stress incontinence in women was urine leakage /p<0.01, Q=0.44/. Stress incontinence prevalence was 44.8% and overactive bladder was 25% in 36-55 age group. Children weight showed no impact on stress incontinence and overactive bladder. 83% of participants had birth number of ≥ 2 showing the statistical significant impact of birth number in urine incontinence (р>0.05, QR=0.8). From all participants, 60% had stress incontinence, 19% had no abnormality, 9% had overactive bladder, 7% had mixed urine incontinence, and 5% had other diseases (urethral atrophy and obstruction). From total 43 participants, 22(51%) had surgical treatment, 4(9%) had chemical treatment, 3(7%) had combined surgical and chemical treatment, and 14 (33%) had physical exercise. From 21 women who received surgical treatment, 16 had improvement and 5 had no improvement. Analyzing the treatment result of urine incontinence by questionnaire and urodynamic test showed improvement in 75 % of patients received surgical and combined surgical chemical treatment and 80% of improvement in patients received chemical and exercise treatment.High number of birth, high usage of coffee and tea, birth injury especially perineal tear are statistically significant factors of stress incontinence development.Pad test is effective test used in diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring treatment results of urine incontinence.Urine leakage symptom occurs 44% more in women with stress incontinence. 24% of women with stress incontinence were diagnosed without abnormality by urodynamic test. Urodynamic test has a diagnostic importance in treatment planning, individual treatment choice and increase of treatment effect in urine incontinence patients.

Justification: Iodine is a micronutrient essential for human health. 92% of the required iodine human organism obtains with food. One of methods to supply the required amount of iodine is the use of iodised salt. The overall goal of our study was to determine the actual consumption of iodised salt by households. Materials and Methods: Samples of salt consumed by 20173 households from five regions (Western, Mountainous, Central, Eastern regions and Ulaanbaatar city) of Mongolia were collected and their iodine contents were determined according to MNS 5168:2002. Results: Out of the total analyzed salt samples, 19.1 % were non-iodised, 2.8% had low iodine content, 77.5% had appropriate level of iodine and 0.6% had high level of iodine.
When the salt iodine contents were evaluated by the country regions, it was revealed that the households in Western (31.4%) and Mountainous (20.57%) regions consumed salt that was not iodised. 84.5% of the Ulaanbaatar city households consumed salt with appropriate level of iodine. Conclusions
1. 19.1 % of the surveyed households consume non-iodised salt, 2.8% consume salt with low iodine content, 77.5% consume salt with appropriate level of iodine and 0.6% consume salt with high level of iodine.
2. The iodine level is appropriate in 84.5% of salt consumed by Ulaanbaatar city households.

Background: Iodine deficiency may result in a goiter, developmental delays and other health problems. The simplest way for the iodine deficiency prevention is consumption of iodine-rich food products. In our country, the iodine consumption is supported by edible salt iodization. Human organism excretes 80% of iodine with urine, therefore the urinary iodine level is considered as an indicator for the iodine status of an individual. Goal: The goal of our study was to evaluate a correlation between the levels of iodine in salt and in urine. Materials and Methods: 2173 samples of household salt and urine samples of 1697 school-age children were collected covering 20 aimags and Ulaanbaatar city. Levels of iodine in the salt samples were determined using a titration method, and for the determination of iodine concentrations in urine the SandellKolthoff’s reaction was used. The correlation between two sets of values was assessed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The sample collection was organized so that the aimags were divided into 6 to 8 clusters, each cluster comprising 12 to 15 households or children. Therefore, average values of the iodine concentrations in salt and urine of each cluster were used for the correlation assessment. The result of the statistical analysis showed a high variation in correlation between salt iodine and urinary iodine at the aimag level, but the overall correlation at the country level was strong positive (r=0.7). Conclusion The hypothesis that the correlation between the iodine amount excreted by children from a certain location and the level of iodine in salt consumed by households in the same location is strong, was not confirmed at the aimag level, but the correlation was strong positive at the country level.

Introduction: Oligophrenia makes 7.3% of all mental disorders in our country. It is known that almost 4% of all diagnosed cases of oligophrenia developed as a result of an inherited disturbance of amino acid metabolism. In most countries, the frequencies of inherited diseases of amino acid metabolism in the population are determined, and preventive screening programs of newborns are implemented. No study has been conducted so far into the issue of inherited diseases of amino acid metabolism in the Mongolian population. The goal of our survey was to detect inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism in the population at risk. Materials and Methods: The collection of samples and the laboratory analysis were carried out in the following two stages:
1. The screening analysis of 514 individuals diagnosed with mental retardation was performed by paper chromatography;
2. The positivecases detected by the screening were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The screening testing detected twelve potential disturbances of amino acid metabolism. Out of the twelve positive cases four individuals refused to participate in the confirmatory stage of the survey. Among the remained eight individuals, cases of hypertyrosinemia, hypervalinemia, hyperglycinemia, hyperlysinemia and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy were detected. Conclusions
1. The fact that cases of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism were detected among mentally retarded individuals show that the disorder is one of causes of oligophrenia.
2. A screening program of newborns should be implemented for early detection of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism.
3. A genetic counselling and testing centre could assist in reduction of number of individuals with inherited disorders.

Background: Vitamins are nutrients essential for human health. They act as coenzymes that help trigger important chemical reactions necessary for energy production. Reference values for vitamins help physicians evaluate the health status of patients and make clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to determine the mean values and reference intervals for some water-soluble vitamins of Mongolian adults. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty healthy adults (170 males and 170 females) of 17 to 69 years of age were selected for the study based on CLSI C28-P3 criteria Defining, establishing & Verifying reference interval in the clinical laboratory; Proposed Guidelines. The study was approved by the Resolution No.76 of 2018 of the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Ministry of Health. Informed consents were taken from the selected individuals. Morning blood samples of the participants were collected under aseptic conditions. Levels of vitamins B₆, B₉, B₁₂ and vitamin C were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography method. The lower- and upper reference limits were defined as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel programs. Results: The mean blood level of vitamin C was 11.88 mg/L (95% CI 10.47-13.29) for men and 9.62 mg/L (95% CI 8.11-11.13) for women. The calculated reference interval for males was 1.40-19.40 mg/L and 1.17-18.04 mg/L for females. The mean concentration of vitamin B₁₂ in the blood of males was 938.45 ng/L (95% CI 747.22-1129.68) and that of females was 864.03 ng/L (95% CI 603.81-1124.25). The reference interval for vitamin B₁₂ was 233.03-1597.00 ng/L in men and 132.45-1623.86 ng/L in women. The mean level of vitamin B₉ was 8.47 ng/mL (95% CI 5.64-11.30) for men and 6.91 ng/mL (95% CI 4.89-8.93) for women. The calculated reference interval for this vitamin in males was 1.04-24.74 ng/mL and that in females was 1.04-21.46 ng/mL. As for vitamin B₆, the mean concentration for men was 44.42 ng/mL (95% CI 37.01-51.83) and for women was 34.67 ng/mL (95% CI 29.97-39.39) with the reference intervals of 5.90-79.02 ng/mL for men and 5.27-61.72 ng/mL for women. Conclusion The reference values for vitamins B₆, B₉, B₁₂ and vitamin C of Mongolian adults do not differ significantly from those observed in other populations. The calculated reference intervals can be used in the practice of health laboratories.

Background: Minerals are important for the proper body functioning. They also play a role in preventing and fighting diseases. Reference values for minerals help physicians evaluate the mineral status of patients and make clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to determine the mean values and reference intervals for some minerals to be used for evaluation of the nutrition status of Mongolians. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty healthy adults (120 males and 120 females) of 17 to 70 years of age were selected for the study based on CLSI C28-P3 criteria Defining, establishing & Verifying reference interval in the clinical laboratory; Proposed Guidelines. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Ministry of Health of Mongolia. Informed consents were taken from the selected individuals. Morning blood samples of the participants were collected under aseptic conditions. Levels of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The lower and upper reference limits were defined as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel programs. Results: The mean level of blood iron was 30.50 µmol/L (95% CI 29.71-31.29) for men and 30.91 µmol/L (95% CI 30.03-31.79) for women. The calculated reference interval for males was 21.39-37.72 µmol/L and 19.87-39.67 µmol/L for females. The mean concentration of zinc in the blood of males was 11.00 µmol/L (95% CI 10.69-11.31) and that of females was 11.79 µmol/L (95% CI 11.39-12.19). The reference interval for blood zinc was 8.20-14.92 µmol/L in men and 8.52-16.67 µmol/L in women. The mean level of blood copper was 15.28 µmol/L (95% CI 14.64-15.89) for men and 18.08 µmol/L (95% CI 17.30-18.86) for women. The calculated reference interval for copper in males was 9.72-22.34 µmol/L and that in females was 11.18-27.27 µmol/L. Conclusion The reference values for zinc, copper and iron of Mongolian adults do not differ significantly from those observed in other countries. The calculated reference intervals can be used for evaluation of the nutrition status and making clinical decisions.

Background: We set the average value and reference range of blood plasma proteins (total protein, albumin, transferrin, retinol binding protein, prealbumin) to be used to assess the nutritional status of Mongolian adult. According to step by step research methodology, 170 women, 170 men and a total of 340 people were surveyed using a combination of questionnaires and analytic methods. Methods: The total protein and albumin content of the collected samples was analyzed by colorimetric method using “Humalyzer 2000” semi automatic analyzer and prealbumin, transferring and retinol binding protein was analyzed by ELISA method of “ELX 880”. The lower limit of the reference value of the identified parameters was calculated to be 2.5 per centil and the upper limit was 97.5 per centil. Results: Determining average and reference range of proteins in the plasma of a total 340 participants, the average of total protein was 74.54(CI 95%; 72.67-76.38) g/l for men, and 73.59(CI 95%; 72.39-74.79) g/l for women, while the reference range was 55.26-95.79 g/l for men and 58.38-84.72 g/l for women. According to determined above, there is no statistically significant difference in gender (p>0.40). The average albumin level is 48.20(CI 95%; 47.04-49.36) g/l for men and 46.28(CI 95%; 45.32-47.24) g/l for women, while reference range is 37.14-60.01 g/l for men and 34.97-57.60 g/l for women. It means there is a statistically significant difference for the gender (p=0.012). The average prealbum level is 332.43(CI 95%; 311.28-353.58) mg/l for men, 381.67(CI 95%; 360.98-402.36) mg/l for women, while reference range is 171.3-485.0 mg/l for men and 215.5-535.0 mg/l for women. It means there is a statistically significant difference for the gender (p=0.0012). The average range of transferrin 4.01(CI 95%; 3.76-4.26) g/l for men and 4.43(CI 95%; 4.20-4.66) g/l for women while reference range is 2.20-6.92 g/l for men and 2.58-7.05 g/l for women, is a statistically significant difference for the gender (p=0.017). The average level of retinol binding protein is 1.73(CI 95%; 1.61-1.85) μmol/l for men and 2.01(CI 95%; 1.89-2.13) μmol/l for women, while reference range is 0.73-3.08 μmol/l for men and 0.73-3.08 μmol/l for women, is a statistically significant difference for the gender (p=0.0017). Conclusions For the first time we conducted a study to determine the average amount and reference range of proteins needed to assess the nutritional status of adults (total protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferring, retinol binding protein) according to international standard methods, which is relatively high compared to other researchers. According to the result of the study, it is not possible to directly follow the result of researchers from other countries and the reference range of blood proteins directly to Mongolians. The result of this study has become an important innovation in practice and treatment, as medical professionals have been able to use it in their diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of ROP screening of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a prospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2020 April 13th to April 28th 2020 and from 2020 June 08 th to June 22th 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery. Demographic factors, diagnosis and clinical course were recorded. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were taken. Each eye was evaluated by the pediatric ophthalmologist and aimag’s ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP).^2,13 Results: A total of 90 premature infants with BW ≤ 2000g and/or GA ≤ 34 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 8 (8.8%) of the 90 infants screened required treatment. The 8 infants who received ROP treatment had a mean GA of 28.5 ± 1.7 weeks, mean BW of 1237.5 ± 125.42g, mean PMA of 36 weeks and mean follow-up time of 2 months. Conclusion After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 100 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP.

Introduction: Coronavirus infection 2019 (Ковид-19) is an infection caused by a novel virus and induces severe ARDS. КОВИД-19 pandemic has rapidly spreaded in 221 countries, 245,373,039 cases and 4,979,421 mortalities have been reported. Pulmonary and renal thrombotic angiopathy occur in patients with complications of ARDS, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Elevated D-dimer in КОВИД-19 patients has been reported firstly by doctors in Wuhan, China. In addition, many studies have revealed that elevated D-dimer has been associated with the severity of the diseases, an increased rate of poor prognosis. Objective: We aim to determine D-dimer in КОВИД-19 patients, and patient condition a decrease of D-dimer level after administration of anticoagulant therapy. Case report: We introduce a rare case of КОВИД-19. Laboratory test results and the effect of anticoagulant therapy have been evaluated during the infection. 85 aged women were admitted with a diagnosis other than КОВИД-19. PCR for SARS-Cov-2 was negative on the previous day of admission, and Sars-Cov-2 Ag rapid test was also negative on the admission day. However, the D-dimer test result was much higher with 7120 ng/мл and X-ray and CT revealed a similar pattern to the КОВИД-19 patient. Then anti-Sars-Cov-2 test was positive with 4,08 COI. Based on laboratory test results of D-dimer, LDH, CRP, and CT pattern the patient was diagnosed with post-КОВИД-19 pneumonia, and anticoagulant therapy was initiated additionally to prevent hypercoagulation induced by КОВИД-19. D-dimer test taken before administration of anticoagulant therapy increased more to 10910 ng/мл. 3 days later D-dimer level decreased to 8180ng/мл and the patient’s condition was improved. Conclusion The evaluation of D-dimer of the patients with КОВИД-19 is highly significant. Anticoagulant therapy might be necessary for КОВИД-19 patients with high D-dimer level in serum. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome of the illness and mortality.