Background: One-third of people with epilepsy have drug-resistant epilepsy, making surgical treatment necessary. Comprehensive pre-surgical evaluations, including long-term video-electroencephalographic (VEEG) monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological testing, are essential components of epilepsy presurgical evaluation. The Epilepsy Center at the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital of MNUMS was established in September 2022 and introduced long-term video-EEG monitoring in May 2023. This marked the first time in Mongolia that comprehensive evaluation for epilepsy surgery became available. Aim: To evaluate the role and outcomes of long-term video-EEG monitoring in the pre-surgical assessment of epilepsy patients Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Epilepsy Center of the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital from May 2023 to March 2025. Patients who underwent VEEG and comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation were included. Data included demographic information, seizure history, imaging findings, and neurophysiological assessments (routine, sleep-deprived, and long-term video EEG). Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they met criteria for epilepsy surgery, and surgical outcomes were compared between these groups. Results: A total of 297 patients (104 children and 193 adults) participated in the study. Of these, 96 (32%) were diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy and underwent pre-surgical evaluation. The mean age of this group was 33±9.2 years; male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Age of seizure onset was 20±10.9 years, and the mean duration of epilepsy was 14.8±10.3 years. Etiologies included meningitis (21.7%), febrile seizures (15.2%), birth complications (12.5%), and traumatic brain injury (12.5%). The average duration of VEEG monitoring was 1.45±0.68 days, during which 161 seizures were recorded (average 2.64 per patient). No seizures were captured in 35 patients. Among the 96 patients, 29 met the criteria for surgical intervention, and 11 underwent temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Surgical outcomes were significantly better compared to the non-surgical group (p<0.05). Conclusion Long-term video-EEG monitoring plays a critical role in precisely localizing the epileptogenic zone, identifying seizure types, establishing differential diagnoses, and optimizing surgical candidacy. It is confirmed as an essential diagnostic tool in the pre-surgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, especially in low-income and middle-income countries and it impacts a tremendous medical, emotional and fiscal burden on society. Due to advances in Western healthcare, the prevalence of stroke since 1970 has decreased by 42%, whereas it has more than doubled in low-income to middle-income countries.
Stroke is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Approximately 80% of stroke events could be prevented by making simple lifestyle modifications. In fact, nationwide characterization of well-known stroke factors in all social backgrounds is essential, however; populations can differ significantly not only in their socio-behavioral, legal, and geographical conditions, but also from other, historically understudied. Therefore, it is crucial to determine characterization of risk factors for ischemic stroke among Mongolian population. Objective: To determine etiology and risk factors for ischemic stroke among Mongolian population Material and methods: Our study was conducted by case-control study design. Cases were patients with acute first stroke; controls were matched with cases, recruited in a 1.2:1 ratio, for age and sex. The case series study was conducted in Stroke center of Third State Central hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Structured questionnaires were administered and physical examinations were done in the same manner in cases and controls. Self-reported history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus or blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg and blood sugar 6.4 mmol/L or higher was used to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Smoking status was defined as never, former, or current smoker. Alcohol use was categorized into never or former, low intake, moderate intake, and high or episodic heavy intake. Atrial fibrillation was based on previous history, review of baseline electrocardiograph results (for cases and controls). Odds ratios (OR) and logistic regression were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: In total, 173 patients with ischemic stroke and 146 controls were included. The patients’ age ranged from 17 to 92, the mean age was 61.2. Ischemic stroke more frequent in man than women by 27.4%. Previous history of hypertension or blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.48-3.88), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.44-6.57), hyperlipidemia (OR 5.09, 95% CI 2.64-9.82) atrial fibrillation (OR 8.70, 95% CI 2.01-37.64 ), current smoking (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.26-3.40), alcohol consumption (OR 4.75, 95% CI 2.58-8.73) were all significantly associated with ischemic stroke. The mean age was lower in patients with stroke of other determined etiology. The frequency of hypertension was higher in patients with lacunar infarct than other subtypes. Smoking was high frequent in patients with large artery atherosclerosis. Conclusion 6 potentially modifiable risk factors were collectively associated with ischemic stroke and were different among ischemic stroke subtypes. The odds ratios of these risk factors are higher than other countries’ study.