Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system.In recent years,with the changes in people's lifestyle,dietary structure,and the intensification of environmen-tal pollution,the incidence of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults(AYAs)has signifi-cantly increased.AYAs refer to individuals aged 15 to 39,and compared with elderly cancer pa-tients,AYAs with cancer have higher long-term and advanced-stage risks as well as worse prognosis,and colorectal cancer also become an important cause of death in AYAs.This study took colorectal cancer as a study point to analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of AYAs with colorectal cancer,explored the diagnosis and treatment methods for AYAs with colorectal cancer,and provided a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in clinical practice.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system.In recent years,with the changes in people's lifestyle,dietary structure,and the intensification of environmen-tal pollution,the incidence of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults(AYAs)has signifi-cantly increased.AYAs refer to individuals aged 15 to 39,and compared with elderly cancer pa-tients,AYAs with cancer have higher long-term and advanced-stage risks as well as worse prognosis,and colorectal cancer also become an important cause of death in AYAs.This study took colorectal cancer as a study point to analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of AYAs with colorectal cancer,explored the diagnosis and treatment methods for AYAs with colorectal cancer,and provided a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in clinical practice.

Currently, commercial devices for electrical neural stimulations can only provide fixed stimulation paradigms with preset constant parameters, while the development of new stimulation paradigms with time-varying parameters has emerged as one of the important research directions for expanding clinical applications. To facilitate the performance of electrical stimulation paradigms with time-varying parameters in animal experiments, the present study developed a well-integrated stimulation system to output various pulse sequences by designing a LabVIEW software to control a general data acquisition card and an electrical stimulus isolator. The system was able to generate pulse sequences with inter-pulse-intervals (IPI) randomly varying in real time with specific distributions such as uniform distribution, normal distribution, gamma distribution and Poisson distribution. It was also able to generate pulse sequences with arbitrary time-varying IPIs. In addition, the pulse parameters, including pulse amplitude, pulse width, interphase delay of biphasic pulse and duration of pulse sequence, were adjustable. The results of performance tests of the stimulation system showed that the errors of the parameters of pulse sequences output by the system were all less than 1%. By utilizing the stimulation system, pulse sequences with IPI randomly varying in the range of 5~10 ms were generated and applied in rat hippocampal regions for animal experiments. The experimental results showed that, even with a same mean pulse frequency of ~130 Hz, for neuronal populations, the excitatory effect of stimulations with randomly varying IPIs was significantly greater than the effect of stimulations with fixed IPIs. In conclusion, the stimulation system designed here may provide a useful tool for the researches and the development of new paradigms of neural electrical stimulations.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons ; Rats