Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA in plasma of gallbladder cancer and its clinical significance.Methods miRNA microarray was performed in seven gallbladder cancer tissues and seven adjacent normal gallbladder tissues to identify differentially expressed miRNA.The results were validated in plasmas of 40 gallbladder cancers and 20 health people with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Eleven gallbladder cancer-related miRNAs were identified with miRNA microarray analysis.Among them,miRNA-21,miRNA-370,miRNA-187,miRNA-122,and miRNA-202 were up-regulated,and let-7a,miRNA-200b,miRNA-143,miRNA-31,miRNA-335,and miRNA-551 were down-regulated in gallbladder cancers.Moreover,let-7a,miRNA-21,miRNA-187,miRNA-143,miRNA-202,and miRNA-335 were validated with RT-PCR,which were consistent with miRNA microarray results with significant difference between gallbladder cancers and health people (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,miRNA-187,miRNA-143,and miRNA-202 were related to clinical and pathological features(P ＜0.05).Conclusions These data indicate that The differentially expressed plasma miRNAs are related to gallbladder carcinogenesis and might be the novel biomarkers of gallbladder cancers.

Objective To study the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) with essential hypertension(EH) and antihypertensive response of valsartan.Methods A total of 120 case EH patients was received valsartan once daily for four weeks.Direct DNA sequencing was performed to detect the signgle nucleotide polymorphisms of ACE2 in 120 EH patients and 60 controls with normal blood pressure.ResultsThe genotyping data indicated that there were significant differences of G allele frequency between male or female EH group and controls( x2 =5.310,4.423,P ＜0.05 ).Treated with valsartan,patients with.G allele were not found to be associated with reduction in blood pressure( P ＞0.05).Conclusions Our data suggest that the ACE2 G8790A signgle nucleotide polymorphisms might be involved in the development of EH.The risk developing hypertension in the people carrying G allele is higher than that in those carrying other allele.Therefore,ACE2 gene might be a sensitive gene associated with EH.

BACKGROUND:Ilizarov technique is an effective treatment method which can solve various complications that occurred in the process of treatment, especial y for the treatment of nonunion associated with soft tissue defects or severe infection. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of nonunion treatment with the Ilizarov technique. METHODS:A computer-based search was performed on the CNKI database and PubMed database from January 1992 to April 2013 for the articles related to the Ilizarov technology for the treatment of nonunion. The key words of“nonunion, external fixator, Ilizarov”in English and“nonunion, fracture nonunion, external fixation, Ilizarov”in Chinese were used to search the articles in the title and the abstract. Final y, a total of 37 articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ilizarov technique is an effective method to treat limbs nonunion with the infection and severe bone defect. It has become an international y recognized gold standard. Due to the firmly fixation of the Ilizarov ring external fixator, it can not only eliminate the shear force and rotation stress, thus playing a role of stretch tension and compression, but also has the cyclical micro-axialmotion characteristic during weight-bearing walking which can better promote bone union. Based on the reviews of the research progress of Ilizarov technique in the treatment of nonunion in recent years, we further investigate the advantages and methods of Ilizarov technique in the treatment of limbs nonunion. The clinical application of the method should fol ow the individual principle, and then choose the best and suitable method based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages about the patient’s condition.

Objective To observe the expression of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin(Ig)-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) on Treg cells in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the level of soluble LAIR-1 (sLAIR-1),LAIR-2 in peripheral blood,and to discuss the possible role of LAIR in the pathogenesis of childhood ITP.Methods The levels of LAIR-1 on Treg cells of peripheral blood were measured in 36 children with ITP by using flow cytometry.Plasma levels of sLAIR-1 and LAIR-2 were measured by adopting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to measure both LAIR-1 mRNA and LAIR-2 mRNA.Twenty-eight healthy children served as the healthy control group.Results The expression of Treg cells in children with ITP was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group [(2.05 ± 0.85) ％ vs (3.04 ± 1.03) ％,t =4.198,P ＜ 0.001].The expression rate of LAIR-1 on Treg cells and tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) in children with ITP group had no statistically significant difference with the healthy control group [(71.18 ± 13.36) ％ vs (67.69 ± 13.07)％,t=1.045,P＞0.05;(1.20 ± 0.97) ％ vs (0.85 ±0.66)％;t=1.718,P＞0.05].The levels of sLAIR-1 and LAIR-2 in plasma in children with ITP group were increased significantly than those in the healthy control group [(20.53 ±4.32) μg/L vs (17.51 ± 5.15) μg/L,t =2.424,P ＜0.05;(5.83 ± 1.08) μg/L vs (5.19 ± 1.24) μg/L,t =2.267,P ＜ 0.05].The LAIR-1 mRNA expression level in children with ITP group was significantly increased compared with the healthy control group (t =2.851,P ＜ 0.05),but not the LAIR-2 mRNA expression level (t =1.715,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Treg cells in children with ITP is decreased,and it may be associated with the onset of ITP,and it may suggest that LAIR-1 does not play a leading role in Treg cells when ITP occurrs.And the levels of sLAIR-1,LAIR-2 in plasma are both increased,suggesting that LAIR-1,LAIR-2 may be one of the factors of immune disorders in children with ITP.

Objective To study the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AGTR2) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and hypertension in patients with essential hypertension and renal hypertension.Methods Direct DNA sequencing was performed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in eighty patients with essential hypertension,eighty patients with renal hypertension and forty normal blood pressure controls.Results There was significant difference on A allele frequencies between essential hypertension group and control group ( 56.88％ [ 91/160 ] vs 30.00％ [ 24/80 ],x2 =15.44,P ＜ 0.001 ).A allele frequency had no correlation with renal hypertension (42.50％ [ 68/160 ] vs 30.00％ [ 24/80 ],x2 =3.52,P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference on SNP between essential hypertension group and renal hypertension group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion A1675G signal nucleotide polymorphisms of AGTR2 may be associated with the development of essential hypertension,but has nothing to do with renal hypertension.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects ofYixintaiGranules on expression of C-Myc mRNA and its protein in myocardial tissues of rabbits with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods CHF rabbit models were established by ear marginal vein injection of adriamycin. Successfully modeled rabbits were divided into the model group, the Losartan Potassium group, the high-, medium-, and low doseYixintaiGranules groups. Besides, a normal control group was set up. Administration groups were given relevant medicine for gavage, equal volume of physiological saline was administered to rabbits of the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, once per day. Echocardiographic indexes and mRNA and protein expression levels of C-Myc in myocardial tissue were detected after 4 weeks of medication.Results Compared with the normal group, the LVEF, LVFS, and E/A of the model group decreased significantly (P<0.01), but mRNA and protein expression levels of C-Myc in myocardial tissues increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the LVEF, LVFS, and E/A of YG groups and Losartan Potassium group increased significantly (P<0.01), but mRNA and protein expression levels of C-Myc in myocardial tissues decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01).ConclusionYixintaiGranules can effectively inhibit the expression of mRNA and protein expression of C-Myc, and improve cardiac function.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of transverse screw fixation of double columns in crescent pelvic fractures.Methods Twenty patients with crescent pelvic fractures hospitalized from December 2012 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.There were thirteen male and seven female patients with the age ranging from 22 to 72 years (mean,39.5 years).Causes of injury were traffic accidents in fifteen patients,falling from high places in three and hitting by heavy objects in two.Time interval between injury and operation was 3-14 d.According to the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) classification,all were classified as 61-B2 type.Reconstruct plate was used to stabilize the supperior pubic ramus fractures,and transverse double-column fixation with anterograde or retrograde screws was used for the posterior iliac crescent fractures.Duration of inserting screws,operation time,intraoperative blood loss and frequency of C-arm X-ray were recorded.Radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated after operation.Results Duration of inserting screws ranged from 3 to 16 min (mean,5 min).Operation time ranged from 50 to 130 min (mean,80 min) and the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 550 ml (mean,280 ml).Frequency of C-arm X-ray in the surgery ranged from 1 to 5 times (mean,2 times).All screws were in the expected location,without any piercing out of the iliac bone dependent on the confirmation of X-ray and CT-scan after operation.According to the Matta and Tornetta radiological evaluation,the reduction was rated excellent in sixteen patients and good in four,with the excellent-good rate of 100％.There was no death,wound infection,sciatic nerve or superior gluteal nerve injury or deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities.At the followup,no nonunion,loss of reduction,and breakage of internal fixation occurred.Nineteen patients were followed up,and mean follow-up time was 19.6 months (range,3 to 36 months).Union was obtained in all patients in a period of 8-17 months (mean,11.2 months).According to the Majeed functional evaluation at the final follow-up,the outcome was rated excellent in seventeen patients and good in two,with the excellent-good rate of 100％.Conclusion Transverse screw fixation of double columns in crescent pelvic fracture of 61-B2 type can reduce the operation injury,decrease complications,and have good clinical results.

Background and purpose:MAD2 is one of the mitotic checkpoints and it is closely associated with tumors.Our aim was to study the expression of gene MAD2 and tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer and to demonstrate the relationship between the expression of gene MAD2 and tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer,adenoma and normal tissue and to evaluate their clinical significance.Methods:Immunohistochemistry method and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to analyze the expression of gene MAD2 in colorectal cancer,adenoma and normal tissue.PCR amplifi cation and DNA sequencing were performed to detect the mutations of gene MAD2.p53,p27,p21 and p16 were determined in colorectal cancer and normal tissue by immunohistochemistry methods.Results:The expression of MAD2 in colorectal cancer was obviously higher than in adenoma and normal tissue(66.7% vs 39.6% vs 22.9%) ,there were signifi cant differences among colorectal cancers,adenoma and normal tissue(P

Objective To explore the effect of Yixintai granule on myocardial remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure ( CHF) .Methods The rabbit model of CHF with adriamycin was established. These successful CHF models of rabbits were divided into model group, high,middle, and low dose of Yix-intai groups, losartan potassium group, and normal control group.Echocardiographic indexes and myocardi-al remodeling indexes were measured after 4 weeks of medication.Results Compared to the model group, the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDs), left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole ( LVIDd) , cardiac index ( CI) , and left ventricular mass index (LVWI) of the treatment groups were decreased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the interventricular septum ( IVS) of the middle and high Yixintai groups was decreased significantly ( P <0.01 ) .Compared to the low dose of Yixintai group, the IVS, LVPW, CI, and LVWI of the middle and high Yixintai groups were decreased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01) , and the LVIDs and LVIDd of the high Yixintai group were decreased ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions Yixintai granule can improve myocardial remodeling in rabbits with CHF. Meanwhile, the curative effect of medial and high groups of Yixintai is better than the low dose group.