No abstract available.
Gangliosides*

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of gangliosides in the differentiation of orbital fibroblasts into adipocytes, a component in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS: Orbital tissues were obtained during orbital surgery for subjects without Graves' ophthalmopathy or other inflammatory orbital disease, and orbital fibroblasts were primarily cultured from each obtained tissue. Morphological examination of orbital fibroblasts was performed after treatment with commercially available gangliosides mixture (Gmix) comprised of several subtypes. To determine the effect of Gmix on the differentiation of orbital fibroblasts into adipocytes and the differentiation-related genes, Oil Red-O staining and RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS: The treatment with Gmix induced the morphological changes, which at least in part were explained with the differentiation of orbital fibroblasts into adipocytes in accordance with the increase of mRNA level of genes known to be related to adipogenesis, whereas dermal fibroblasts and preadipocytes were irresponsive to the same treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study suggest gangliosides may have a role in pathologic mechanisms of Graves' ophthalmopathy by the induction of differentiation of orbital fibroblasts into adipocytes.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis ; Fibroblasts ; Gangliosides ; Orbit ; Orbital Diseases ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Gangliosides ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Immunoglobulin G ; Miller Fisher Syndrome

No abstract available.
Abducens Nerve Diseases* ; Abducens Nerve* ; Gangliosides ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proliferation- inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effect of ganglioside GM3 on human multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSMTT assay and flow cytometry were used to observe the effects of GM3 ganglioside on proliferation and apoptosis of human myeloma cell line U266. Effects of different concentration of ganglioside GM3 on the mRNA expression level of BCL-2 and BAX were detected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSMTT assay and Flow Cytometry showed that ganglioside GM3 could induce the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of multiple myeloma U266 cell line, and both the effects were enhanced with the increase of GM3 ganglioside concentration. Compared with the control group, the relative expression of BAX mRNA with the increase of GM3 concentration in experimental group was enhanced gradually(r=0.968), while the relative mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 was decreased gradually（r=-0.727).

CONCLUSIONGM3 ganglioside can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of U266 cell line in a concentration dependent manner. The mechanism may be related with up- regulation of BAX expression and down-regulation of BCL-2.

No abstract available.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/*blood ; Gangliosides/blood/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmoplegia/blood/*diagnosis/immunology ; Recurrence ; Syndrome

The presence of serum antibodies to various gangliosides, such as anti-GQ1b, is closely related to the clinical features of Guillain-Barre syndrome. However, the phenotype associated with anti-GT1a IgG has not yet been determined, although it has been detected in some cases of the pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant. We report herein two patients harboring anti-GT1a IgG who both presented with profound dyspnea, dysphagia, and quadriparesis. The findings of this report suggest that the anti-GT1a antibody specifies a clinical feature of oropharyngeal palsy.
Antibodies ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dyspnea ; Gangliosides ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Paralysis ; Phenotype ; Quadriplegia

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) rarely develops following acute viral hepatitis, and there has been no report on the association with anti-ganglioside antibodies. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man who presented with rapidly progressive areflexic quadriparesis following acute viral hepatitis A. The results of nerve conduction study were consistent with demyelinating motor polyneuropathy, and IgG anti-GM1 and anti-GD1b antibodies were positive. Immune responses towards gangliosides may also be important mediators in acute hepatitis A-associated GBS.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Gangliosides ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Neural Conduction ; Polyneuropathies ; Quadriplegia

Exogenously added gangliosides modulate the growth and differentiation of a variety of cells in vitro including human gliomas. GM1, Gdla and GTlb gangliosides inhibit both PDGF-stimulated and serum-stimulated DNA synthesis of Swiss 3T3 cells and U1242 MG cells in a dose responsive manner. The inhibitory effect is counteracted in a dose-responsive fashion by serum, and that ganglioside-induced inhibition is essentially abolished in 10% serum. Because of the potentially important role that gangliosides play in growth regulation of human gliomas, this phenomenon was studied in detail using the human glioma cell line U1242 MG. Low doses of serum stimulate DNA synthesis of U1242 MG cells which is inhibited in a dose-responsive fashion by ganglioside GMI. However, serum itself counteracts the inhibitory effect of ganglioside in a dose-responsive way. On the other hand GM,, Gdla and GTlb stimulate DNA synthesis in quiescent U1242 MG cells in both sparse and confluent conditions, indicating that ganglioside-stimulated DNA synthesis is dependent on the phase of cellular growth rather than celluar density. The growth stimulatory effect of the three gangliosides is more potent on quiescent, confluent cells than quiescent, sparse cells. Gangliosides stimulate radiolabeling of and 35% of nuclei with (3H) thymidine in quiescent, sparse and quiescent, confluent cells respectively. These results demonstrate that exogenously added gangliosides can have different effects on progression of human glioma cells, support of the bimodal behavior model of gangliosides. The effects are mainly related to cell cycle depending on the growth phase of the cells rather than the cell density.
Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; DNA* ; Gangliosides* ; Glioma* ; Hand ; Humans ; Swiss 3T3 Cells ; Thymidine

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Gangliosides ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism