The PET tracer 5-([11C]methyloxy)-L-tryptophan (5-(11)CMTP) was prepared by nucleophilic fluorination and alkylation reaction via a two-step procedure in order to develop specific tumor probe. The biodistribution and microPET imaging of 5-(11)CMTP were executed. The results unveiled that the overall radiochemical yield with no decay correction was (14.6 ±7.2) %, the radiochemical purity was more than 95% and high uptake and long retention time of 5-(11)CMTP in liver, kidney and blood were observed but low uptake in brain and muscle were found, furthermore, high uptake of 5-(11)CMTP in tumor tissue was observed. It seems that 5-(11)CMTP will be a potential amino acid tracer for tumors imaging with PET.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous thoracic paravertebral block anal-gesia guided by sonography on pulmonary function after thoracotomy.Methods Sixty patients,male 29 cases,female 31 cases,aged 18-60 years,BMI 1 6-28 kg/m2 ,ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,who had under-went thoracotomy were divided randomly into 2 groups,30 cases each:group G with general anesthe-sia and postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA),whereas group GP with general anesthesia combined with continuous thoracic paravertebral block (CTPVB)and postoperative continuous CTPVB.CTPVB were performed before induction as the patient was conscious so that the effect of CTPVB could be tested by blocking range.Both resting and coughing visual analogue scales (VAS)were recorded at the points of 30 minutes after extubation (T1 ),2 hours after operation (T2 ),6 hours after operation (T3 ),24 hours after operation (T4 )and 48 hours after operation (T5 ). Forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 )and maximal mid expiratory flow (MMF)were measured by spirometer and the three maximal values were recorded at time points of entry of operating room (T0 ),T4 and T5 .Blood gas analysis was employed at corre-sponding time points by a blood gas analyzer and oxygen inhalation was ceased 30 minutes before drawing blood from radial artery.PaCO 2 ,PaO 2 and alveolararterial oxygen difference (PA-a O 2 )were recorded.Adverse effects were observed.Results Compared with group G,VAS when resting and coughing in group GP at T1-T5 decreased significantly (P <0.05).Compared with T0 ,FVC,FEV1 , MMF and PaO 2 at T4 ,T5 in both groups decreased significantly (P <0.05),PA-a O 2 increased signifi-cantly (P <0.05 ).Compared with group G,PaO 2 in group GP at T4 ,T5 increased and PA-a O 2 in group GP at T4 ,T5 decreased significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion CTPVB guided by sonography had excellent effect.It can not only improve pulmonary function after thoracotomy significantly but also promote intrapulmonary oxygenation.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of Narcotrend-guided application of small dose of dexmedetomidine ( DEX) for sedation during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients. Methods Fifty cases of ASA II or Ⅲelderly patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (25 patients of each group). After combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, both groups received continuous intravenous infusion of DEX, at 0. 4 μg·kg-1 in 10 min, and then the rate was lowered to 0. 4 μg·kg-1 per hour. For the treatment group, infusion rate was adjusted to reach a Narcotrend Index (NTI) of 75-85, and for the control group, infusion rate was adjusted to reach an OAA/S score of level 3-4. MAP, HR, RR, SpO2 , NTI and OAA/S score were recorded at the beginning of DEX treatment ( t0 ) , 10 min ( t1 ) , 20 min ( t2 ) , 30 min ( t3 ) , and 60 min ( t4 ) after the beginning of DEX treatment, and at the end of surgery ( t5 ) . The incidence rates of adverse events including bradycardia, hypotension, low oxygenation, and respiratory depression were also recorded. The patients were followed up until 24 h after surgery to record loss of memory about the surgical events. Results In comparison with t0 , NTI and MAP of both groups significantly decreased at t1-t5(P<0. 01). Comparison between the two groups showed no difference in MAP at each time point, and NTI of treatment group was higher than that of control group at t2-t5(P<0. 05). In comparison with t0, OAA/S of both groups significantly decreased at t1-t5(for t1, P<0. 05;for t2-t5, P<0. 01). Comparison between the two groups showed no difference in OAA/S at each time point (P>0. 05). Follow-up at 24 h after surgery observed total amnesia in 72. 0% of DEX group patients and in 76. 0% of the control group, without significant difference (P>0. 05). Conclusion Sedating elderly patients undergoing spinal-epidural anesthesia with DEX under the guidance of Narcotrend is safe and feasible, and the patients can be sedated properly.

Objective To investigate the clinical values of L-6-18 F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylala-nine ( 18 F-DOPA) PET in the diagnosis and severity assessment of early-stage Parkinson's disease ( PD) . Methods Thirty-eight patients (24 males, 14 females; age:34-74 years) with early-stage PD (Hoehn-Yahr ( H-Y) staging:1-2) and 5 age-matched healthy volunteers ( all males;age:45-65 years) from July 2016 to March 2017 were included and underwent 18 F-DOPA PET scan in this retrospective study. The stria-tal-to-occipital ratio ( SOR) was calculated and compared between PD patients and healthy volunteers. The unified PD rating scale ( UPDRS) Ⅲ score and H-Y staging were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms. Two-sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results In the control group, 18 F-DOPA SORs in bilateral putamen and caudate nucleus were 2.50±0.24 and 2.61±0.23, respectively. In PD group, the SORs of ipsilateral and contralateral putamen nucleus were 2.02±0.27 and 1.80±0.26 respectively, lower than those in the control group ( t values:-4.006,-5.440, both P<0.01) . The SORs of ipsilateral and contralater-al caudate nucleus were 2.16±0.32 and 2.08±0.28 respectively, lower than those in the control group ( t val-ues:-2.990,-4.047, both P<0.01). The SORs of contralateral putamen and caudate nucleus were signifi-cantly lower than those of the ipsilateral striatum respectively (t values:-6.431,-3.837, both P<0.01). Fur-thermore, the SORs in the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus) were negatively correlated with UPDRSⅢscore, H-Y staging, and duration of disease (r values:from-0.526 to-0.369, all P<0.05). Conclusions 18F-DOPA PET can reflect the changes in the striatum neurons, and it may be an important method in the diag-nosis and assessment of early-stage PD patients.

Objective:To study the therapeutic effect Tetrandrine (TET) on striatal injury caused by microwave radiation and underlying mechanism.Methods:C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into blank control group (C), radiation control group (R), TET group (TET) and TET combined with radiation group (TET+ R). The mice of radiation group were exposed to 2.856 GHz 8 mW/cm2 microwave on whole-body for 15 min. TET (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days. The TET structure was verified by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The open field experiment was used to detect the change of anxiety in mice. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the striatum were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TMT). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect gene expression changes of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) subtype in the striatum.Results:The open field experiments showed that the time and distance of mice to explore the central region after microwave radiation were significantly lower than that before radiation ( t=4.60, 5.18, P<0.01), and the TET administration significantly improved these changes ( F=1.43, 4.37, P < 0.05). 7 d after microwave radiation, some neuronal nuclei in the striatum of mice contracted and could be stained deeply, which was more obvious in the globus pallidus area. The partial neuronal apoptosis, swelling and cavitation of glial cell mitochondria, blurring of synaptic gaps, and widening of perivascular gaps in the striatum were observed by TMT. The above lesions were significantly rescued after TET administration. But both microwave radiation and TET administration had no significant effect on the gene expressions of striatal VGCC ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:TET has a therapeutic effect on anxiety-like behavior and structural damage of striatum caused by microwave radiation, which is independent of the expression of striatal VGCC genes.

Objective:To clarify the effects of microwave radiation on anxiety-like behavior, the histomorphology of the secondary visual cortex, and calcium activity in neurons.Methods:36 C57BL/6N mice were selected and divided into control group and microwave radiation group according to the random number table method. In the simple behavioral testing, there were 8 mice in the control group and 7 mice in the radiation group. Combining fiber optic recording with behavioral experiments, there were 8 mice in the control group and 7 mice in the radiation group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted with 3 mice in each group. A high-power microwave simulated source in the X-band with a center frequency of 9.875 GHz and an average power density of 12 mW/cm 2 was used to irradiate the mice for 15 minutes, establishing a microwave radiation animal model. Then, anxiety-like behavior changes in the radiation group were identified using the open-field and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The effects of microwave radiation on the histomorphology of the secondary visual cortex were investigated using HE staining and optical microscopy. Based on the genetically encoded calcium imaging technique, as well as optical fiber recording combined with behavioral paradigms in the open field and the EPM, the changes of calcium activity in neurons in the V2M region of the secondary visual cortex were detected. Results:Compared to the control group, the radiation group showed a significant decrease in the frequency of exploring the central region of the open field and the open arm of the EPM ( t = 2.24, 3.10, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the radiation group exhibited the degeneration and apoptosis of some neurons in the secondary visual cortex, primarily manifested as pyknosis and deep staining, cell body shrinkage, and the slightly widening of perivascular space. Fiber optic recordings and behavioral experiments indicated that compared to the control group, mice in the radiation group exhibited significantly increased calcium activities in neurons of the secondary visual cortex when exploring the central region of the open field ( t = -2.75, P < 0.05) or the open arm of the EPM ( t = -2.77, -3.41, P < 0.05) compared to those before radiation after microwave exposure. Conclusions:Microwave radiation can induce anxiety-like behaviors and histopathological changes in the secondary visual cortex. Increased calcium activity in neurons of the secondary visual cortex is proved to be an important mechanism underlying the changes in anxiety-like behavior due to microwave radiation.