Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in male genitourinary system,and it is one of the main causes of male death in Europe and America.The incidence of prostate cancer in our coun-try is increasing,the key of treatment of prostate cancer is early diagnosis and early treatment.Endoglin also known as endothelial glycoprotein,is the most reliable marker of endothelial cell proliferation,which is over-expressed in neovascularization.Soluble Endoglin was found in the serum of tumor patients,which can be used as an auxiliary diagnosis.Inhibition of Endoglin receptor can inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels,which provides a basis for targeted therapy.Microvessel density marked by Endoglin is of great significance in the clinical and pathological grading of solid tumors and can be used to evaluate the prognosis.This article re-views the role of Endoglin in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(DMED)is a common diabetic-related vascular,endo-crine and neuropathy in clinical practice,and patients with DMED often present with symptoms such as difficulty in erection,prolonged erection time,poor hardness,and short sexual intercourse.The etiological mechanism is complex,and it is often closely related to many factors such as oxidative stress(OS),inflammatory response,and neurological and endocrine lesions,which often cross-react and promote the progression of DMED lesions.In recent years,relevant studies have shown that OS and ferroptosis play a key role in DMED:OS can cause neuro-logical and Abnormal endocrine function,decreased synthesis or bioavailability of penile vascular endothelium,spongy endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased smooth muscle diastolic function,resulting in penile erectile dysfunction,and ferroptosis has also been confirmed to be closely related to DMED,controlling OS and ferroptosis to improve erectile function in diabetic patients is a reasonable and effective treatment pathway,but the mechanism of action of ferroptosis leading to DMED needs to be further studied.Therefore,this article reviews the latest infor-mation on the correlation between OS and ferroptosis and DMED,aiming to provide a useful reference for exploring the mechanism of DMED,clinical prevention and treatment of DMED,and providing potential directions for future research in this field.

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness（PPPD） is the most common chronic vestibular disease, the clinical manifestation is dizziness, unstable and non-rotational dizziness for three months or more. And the symptom is exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive movement, and complex visual stimuli. In addition, PPPD is a functional disease, so routine vestibular function tests and imaging tests are often negative. According to the diagnostic criteria established by the Barany Association, the diagnosis of PPPD often relies on history. This article provides a review of PPPD-related questionnaires.
Humans ; Dizziness/diagnosis* ; Vertigo/diagnosis* ; Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Prostate cancer （PCa） is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is a carcinogenic pathway responsible for the migration， proliferation， and drug resistance of various cancers. In recent years， as the research on the pathogenesis of PCa is deepening， the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the development of PCa has attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine， comprehensively regulating multiple components， targets， and pathways， has shown great potential in the treatment of PCa. This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the treatment of PCa and discusses the expression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in PCa， which involves inhibiting apoptosis of PCa cells， promoting the cell cycle， invasion， and migration of PCa cells， promoting tumor tissue angiogenesis， and mediating the androgen receptor. Additionally， it summarizes the single Chinese medicines that target and regulate this pathway， including Hedyotis diffusa， Taxus chinensis， Bovisc Alculus， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. The active ingredients of these Chinese medicines mainly include flavonoids， alkaloids， terpenes， polyphenols， lignans， and other compounds. The Chinese medicine compound prescriptions targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway mainly include Wenshen Sanjie prescription， Jianspi Lishi Huayu prescription， Yishen Tonglongtang， Qilan prescription， Xihuangwan， and modified Shenqi Dihuangtang. This review is expected to provide a scientific basis for deeply understanding the pathogenesis of PCa and identifying potential therapeutic targets， as well as to provide new ideas for clinical research and drug development for PCa.