A simple and efficient method, based on ultrasound-assisted polymer surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) , was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines ( AAs ) in aqueous sample. The main parameters affecting the performance of the purposed method were optimized, and the optimized conditions were obtained as follows:150 μL of extractive solvent ( dichloroethane ) , polymer surfactant ( sodium alginate ) concentraction of 0. 20 g/L, pH 7. 0, salt addition of 3%, and ultrasound time of 1 min. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the method were 0. 1-200 μg/L for 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, 0. 3-200 μg/L for 2,4,5-trimethylaniline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3’-dimethylbenzidine and 4 , 4’-methylene-bis-( 2-chloroaniline ) , 0 . 5-200 μg/L for 4-aminoazobenzene and 3 , 3’-dimethoxy-benzidine. The correlation coefficients (R2) and the detection limits were 0. 9961-0. 9997 μg/L and 0. 08-0. 3 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day RSDs were less than 10. 6% and 11. 0%. The purposed method could be applied to the analysis of AAs in water sample collected from tap water and river water. In comparison with the common SA-USAEME, conventional surfactant was replaced with water-soluble polymer surfactant to solve the problems of potential pollution, and the polymer surfactant was natural and insoluble in extractive solvent. Compared with other solid-phase extractions, the proposed method had the advantages such as simple operation and low cost.

Objective:To observe influence of alprostadil injection on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in high risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 263 CIN high risk (CIN risk score ≥16 scores) patients were selected.According to random number table, patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=121, received routine hydration therapy) and alprostadil group (n=142, received additional alprostadil injection based on routine treatment group).Serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate(GFR), cystatin C (CysC) and β trace protein (β-TP) level before, 48h and 72h after PCI were measured and compared, and incidence rate of CIN, percentage of blood purification therapy and mortality were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before PCI, there was significant rise in SCr level and significant reduction in GFR in both groups on 48h and 72h after PCI (P<0.01 all);Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in levels of SCr [72h: (190.04±28.92) μmol/L vs.(141.10±21.18) μmol/L], and significant rise in GFR [72h: (26.0±4.4) ml/min vs.(36.4±4.9) ml/min], and levels of CysC[72h: (1.75±0.74) mg/L vs.(1.47±0.55) mg/L] and β-TP [72h: (1.53±0.50) mg/L vs.(1.22±0.38) mg/L] significantly decreased in alprostadil group on 48h and 72h after PCI, P<0.05 or <0.01;there were significant reductions in incidence rate of CIN (30.6% vs.18.3%) and percentage of blood purification therapy (10.7% vs.3.5%) in alprostadil group, P=0.001, 0.045 respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality between two groups, P=0.728.Conclusion: Alprostadil injection can significantly improve kidney function, reduce incidence rate of CIN and percentage of blood purification therapy in CIN high risk patients after PCI, which is worth extending.

Objective:To understand the current situations and existing problems of pediatric emergency in Shanghai city and provide a basis for the construction and management of pediatric emergency.Methods:The questionnaire survey was used to investigate the current situations of pediatric emergency department in secondary and tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai city.Results:A total of 28 questionnaires were delivered, and 28 were responded.Six of the 28 hospitals had no administratively independent pediatric emergency or no separate pediatric emergency area.Of the 22 hospitals, each had an average of 9.7 professional emergency pediatricians, with the exception of one secondary hospital that lacked professional emergency pediatricians.Professional emergency pediatricians accounted for an average of 70.0% of all pediatricians.Of the 22 hospitals, 18(81.8%) were open 24 hours a day.Fourteen(63.6%) had independent triage.Eight children′s emergency rooms(36.4%) were shared with adults.Among the 22 hospitals, 20 hospitals filled in the annual total number of pediatric emergency visits, and the total number of pediatric emergency visits ranged from 2 791 to 467 428, with an average of 93 966.65.Conclusion:There are still some problems in the development of pediatric emergency department in secondary and tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai city, such as insufficient human resources, substandard personnel training, incomplete equipment and lack of critical first-aid techniques.Therefore, the construction and management of pediatric emergency department still need to be improved.

Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children′s hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.

Recent studies have identified that metabolic reprogramming in lung adenocarcinoma cells, particularly lactate metabolism disorders, plays a crucial role in tumor development and immune therapy response. The accumulation of lactic acid not only provides energy support for the proliferation of tumor cells but also affects the function of immune cells by changing the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting immune escape. Immunotherapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become an important strategy for treating lung adenocarcinoma. However, lactate metabolism disorders might affect the efficacy of immunotherapy, leading to resistance in some patients. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of lactic acid metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma and its impact on the response to immunotherapy is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review summarizes the role of lactate metabolism disorders in the development and immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma, discusses the potential role of lactic acid metabolism-related genes and pathways in lung adenocarcinoma, and explores the progress in therapeutic strategies targeting lactic acid metabolism regulation. This work aims to provide new insights for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.