Objective To evaluate the image deformation and measurement error of rotational DSA by model experiment. Methods Five steel balls (diameter: 20 mm) were placed in a horizontal space of 30 mm, the middle of which was as the isocenter for rotational DSA acquisition. Another 5 steel balls (diameter: 10 mm) were placed in a vertical space of 30 mm with the same alignment for rotational DSA acquisition. The screen was divided into five regions and the morphological changes of the ball image were observed at each rotation angle. The experimental images of the left anterior oblique ball images at 20°, 40°and 60° among each two groups were selected and measured by automatic isocenter calibration and sphere calibration respectively, and compared with the actual diameters of balls to calculate the image magnification. Results Except the center one, other balls were of deformation at different rotation angles due to the distance to the detector leading to enlargement and reduction. With automatic isocenter calibration, only the diameter of the center ball corresponded with the actual one, the distance away from the center or the rotation angle was inversely proportional to measurement error (maximum magnification 12.42%).With sphere calibration, the measurement results in various regions at different rotation angle were basically the same, with smaller measurement error (maximum magnification 3.41%). Conclusion Placing the organ of interest in the center area can reduce image distortion in rotational DSA imaging. Selecting reasonable measuring technology according to the lesion location is helpful to control measurement errors.

Objective To evaluate the strength of tobacco control at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang Province,to explore the strategies and measures on tobacco control,and promote a smoke-free government.Methods By multistage stratified random sampling method,12 government ageucies were selected in 4 counties.The information of tobacco control strength and smoke-free environment creation was collected by interview and field observation,and the scores were calculated by using the percentage assignment method.An intercept suuvey was carried out in four counties and there were 405 civil servants under investigation.The data were analyzed by frequency statistic and correlation analysis.Results The smoking rate of civil servants was 17.8％,and the secondhand smoking rate was 61.9％;84.7％ of civil servants adnmitted the harm of smoking and 96.8％ admitted the harm of secondhand smoking.Support for forbidding the cigarette advertisements was highest and increasing the cigarette price was the weakest.The scores of smoke-free environment creation of project counties showed that the average score was 50.60,Zhuji and Luqiao got a maximum score of 57.14,Haiyan got a minimum score of 42.86.The scores of tobacco control strength showed that the average score was 82.35,Zhuji got a maximum score of 92.16,followed by Luqiao,Jiande and Haiyan counties,82.35,80.39 and 74.51 respectively.The scores of tobacco control strength,include policy,political will,capacity,and tobacco control efforts were the highest in Zhuji county.The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of tobacco control strength had significant association with the score of smoke-free environment creation,smoking rate of civil servants,and approval rate of anti smoking in public places (P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall situation of tobacco control strength at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang province is good,but there is a relative shortage of smoke-free environment creation.Civil servants master the knowledge related to tobacco and support tobacco control policy.We should further promote the construction of smoke-free government.More effective smoking control measures should be conducted in order to raise the strength of tobacco control and finally implement the tobacco control legislation.

Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco use among college students in different populations by sex,age and major,and to provide evidence for smoking control and health decision.Methods A total of 4 638 college students selected in 21 colleges through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from Zhejiang Province were surveyed by using questionnaire analysis.Indicators such as tried smoking,current smoking,and secondhand smoke exposure,etc.,were calculated by weight on age proportions from the numbers of college students in Zhejiang.Results The prevalence of tried smoking and currcut smoking among college students were 29.72％ and 10.57％,respectively.The prevalence of tried smoking was 46.52％ for men,18.25％ for women;28.57％ for undergraduate,31.53％ for junior college;the prevalence of current smoking was 18.86％ for men,3.86％ for women;8.88％ for undergraduate,13.23％ for junior college students.The snoking rate in college students increased with age,the group of ≥21 Years was the highest (37.87％,16.09％).The lowest level of smoking was medical student (21.76％,2.19％).The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor and indoor places,and dormitory among students were 65.49％,60.33％,and 23.66％,respectively.In the past 30 days,college students have seen tobacco advertisement (47.38％),smoking scenes (60.20％),and got tobacco related gifts (10.40％),free tobacco products (8.93％);college students have seen information about tobacco control (60.50％),cigarette pack warning labels (58.45％),and learned the tobacco knowledge in class in the past 12 months (14.03％).Conclusion Current prevalence of smoking in college students in Zhejiang province remained at a high level,the rate of secondhand smoke exposure is high and in college students there was lack of tobacco control education in class.The results indicated that the policy about tobacco control in school was not enough and the task of health promotion should be taken more arduously.

Objective To explore the determinants of willingness to quit smoking among pre-pregnancy male smokers, and to provide evidence for smoking cessation strategies. Methods An intercept survey was carried out in four cities in Zhejiang, and there were 552 pre-pregnancy male smokers from 1401 newly wedded couples under investigation. Result The pre-pregnancy male smoking rate was 39.82%, and only 6.88%of pre-pregnancy male smokers were categorized as highly nicotine-dependent. The rate of recent willingness to quit smoking was 50.54%, and reasons for quitting were as follows:a planned pregnancy (62.50%), an example for children (47.70%), and objections from family members (45.22%). The tobacco knowledge among pre-pregnancy male smokers is relatively poor, only 49.64% of smokers were aware 8 points in 11 questions; 88.75% of smoker's wives supported their husband to quit smoking. The associated factors of smoking cessation include: tobacco knowledge (OR=0.38), health self-assessment well (OR=1.90), wife's willing for husband to quit smoking (OR=2.87). Conclusion Compared to ordinary people, the proportion of intention to quit smoking was higher in pre-pregnancy male smokers. To strengthen health education and make wife initiating in husband's quitting programs would be more effective.

BackgroundThe three-dimensional configuration of the nasolacrimal canal is highly variable with age,gender,and race.But enlargement of the nasolacrimal canal has sparsely been reported in the literature.Objective Computed tomography dacryocystography was performed in patients with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and normal children to analyze the difference of bilateral nasolacrimal canal.MethodsThis is a retrospective study.Axial scanwith sagittalandcoronalreconstructionwas appliedin computedtomography dacryocystography.Diameters of bilateral nasolacrimal canal of 20 unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients and 20 normal children were measured.Written informed consent was obtained from each child ' s parents before examination.ResultsThe lacrimal sac,nasolacrimal duct and the peripheral tissue were clearly exhibited by computed tomography dacryocystography.The diameters of the origination,the middle part and the distal end of affected nasolacrimal duct were(5.5±1.4),(5.3±1.2),(5.3±1.6) mm,and normal ones were(3.9±0.8 ),(3.5± 0.8 ),( 3.9± 1.3 ) mm,respectively.These results were statistically significant ( t =5.200,6.967,2.932,P＜ 0.05 ).There was no statistically significant difference in bilateral nasolacrimal canal of normal children (t =0.346,0.281,0.312,P＞0.05 ).Conclusions Computed tomography dacryocystography can image lacrimal passage and their peripheral tissues clearly.The affected nasolacrimal canal diameters of unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were much larger than the fellow sides.The pathogenesis of this phenomenon need much research.

Objective To study the clinical application of the peak expiratory flow rate( PEFR) in children with asthma.Methods The PEFRs of 43 cases of asthma at the acute stage were measured to guide the clinical grading and therapy by the optimum individual PEFR of the patients at the remission stage, and the descending rate and warning value of individual PEFR were determined to investigate the relationship between the individual PEFR descending rate and the asthma attack conditions in the standard and nonstandard monitoring groups.Results At the asthma attack stage, the clinical symptoms became severe with PEFR declining; at the remission stage, the preventive application of drugs was based on the changes of the individual PEEF descending rate . The case number and frequency of asthma attack and the cases subjected to moderate or severe attacks in the standard group were 15 %,23.5 % and 25 % respectively; while those in the nonstandard group were 43.5 %, 75.5 % and 76.9 % respectively, which showed a significant difference( P

AIM:To evaluate the changes of the corneal surface morphology undergoing overnight orthokeratology treatment and assess the effect of optical center deviation in controlling the development of myopia.METHODS:This was a retrospective clinical study.One hundred and thirty-four children (134 eyes) with myopia aged 10.66 ± 1.79 years were treated with overnight orthokeratology lenses.The examinations of visual acuity,axial length and corneal topography were performed before and 3,6,12,18 and 24mo after wearing orthokeratology.The results of right eye were taken as the object of this study,SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The distance of decentration about 134 children at 3,6,12,18 and 24mo after wearing orthokeratology were 0.84±0.45mm,0.77±0.40mm,0.79± 0.41 mm,0.78±0.41 mm,and 0.79±0.42mm respectively.The difference between these groups were not statistically significant (F=1.187,P=0.319).The mean distance of decentration after orthokeratology treatment was 0.79 ± 0.35mm,the growth of axial length after 24mo was 0.32± 0.30mm,the mean distance of decentration divided into 3 groups,mild (＜0.5mm) 27 eyes,medium (0.5-1.0mm)79 eyes,severe (＞ 1.0mm) 28 eyes,the growth of axial length frow 3 groups after 24mo were 0.45±0.34mm,0.32 ±0.28mm,0.23 ± 0.29mm,were statistically significant difference between each groups (F=3.825,P=0.024).By linear-regression analysis,the growth of axial length and the mean distance of decentration after 24mo was statistically significant difference (F =7.246,P =0.008),equation of linear regression was Y=0.478-0.194X.At 24mo after wearing orthokeratology,the mean distance of decentration about 18 eyes with monocular diplopia was 1.18±0.36mm,and 116 eyes without monocular was 0.73± 0.31mm,the distance of decentration were statistically significant difference (t=5.59,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The degree of decentration tended to be stable after 3mo of orthokeratology treatment and influenced the effect of myopia control and visual quality.

Objective To evaluate the cLinical outcome and influencing factors of open reduction and internal fixation in treatment of hip dislocation combined with acetabular fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients with hip dislocation combined with twetabular frac-tures, who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia in the emergen-cy department on admission. Of all, 41 patients were treated with open reduction and plate/screw internal fixation, for which the reduction result was evaluated by postoperative X-rays and follow up X-rays accord-ing to Matta's criteria and the functional outcome by Merle d' Aubigne's criteria. Results Of 41 pa-tients, 33 were followed up for 1-7 years (mean 3.1 years). X-ray evaluation showed anatomic reduction in 27 patients (82%), imperfect reduction in five (15%) and poor reduction in one (3%). The clini-cal outcome at the time of final follow-up was graded as excellent in 18 patients (55%), good in 8 (24%), mederate in 3 (9%) and peor in4 (12%), with total excellence rate of 79%. Conclusion Prompt reduction of hip dislocation, precise reduction of the acetabular fracture and decrease of periopera-tive comphcations are key to excellent clinical outcome.

Objective:To study the influence of pomegranate tannins on the endogenous metabolites in the urine of normal rats by metabonomics method. Methods:The rats were divided into two groups, the blank control group and tannins group. The rats in tan-nins group were orally administered 78. 5 mg·ml-1 pomegranate tannins for 4 weeks. The urine samples were collected and used in the metabonomics study. The urine data were collected by HPLC-MS and comparatively analyzed using PCA and PLS-DA method in SIM-CA-P software. Results:The score points of tannins group displayed obvious distance compared with those of the blank control group, and the changes were the most obvious on the 22nd administration day. Conclusion:Endogenous metabolites in rat urine are obviously influenced by pomegranate tannins, and the research provides the basis for the further study of pomegranate tannins.

Objective:To study the effect of tannins from Pericarpium Granati on hepatic microsomal enzyme in rats. Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group, high, medium and low dose groups of tannins from Pericarpium Granati, the positive control group of phenobarbital sodium. The blank control group was given physiological saline. The three different doses groups were respectively given tannins from Pericarpium Granati orally at the dose of 150,100 and 75 mg·kg-1 · d-1 for 7 days. The positive control group was given phenobarbital sodium 80 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 with intramuscular injection for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, the activity ofⅠandⅡphase metabolic enzymes in liver microsomes of each group was determined by UV. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the high, medium and low dose groups of tannins from Pericarpium Granati could sig-nificantly decrease the content of CYP 450 and CYPb5, and inhabit the activity of ADM (P<0. 01);the high and medium dose group could significantly inhibit ERD enzyme activity (P<0. 01);the high dose group could significantly reduce GST enzyme activity (P<0. 01). Conclusion:Tannins from Pericarpium Granati has notably inhibitory effect on hepatic microsomal enzyme in rats, which can reduce the expression of CYP3A and CYP2E1 in a dose-dependent manner.