At the time of phage’s discovery, phage therapy was regarded as a possible treatment method against bacterial infection. Although phage therapy was used to treat and prevent bacterial infection in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, it was abandoned by the West in the 1940s with the arrival of the antibiotic era. However, the ongoing evolution of bacterial multidrug-resistance has recently motivated the Western scientific community to reevaluate phage therapy for bacterial infections that are incurable by conventional chemotherapy. With the indepth study of phages, it’s increasingly acknowledged that phages, as the medicine to cure bacterial infection, are convenient, safe and efficient therapeutics. This paper summarizes the recent years’ advanced researches in this area.

Objective To observe the efficacy of bloodletting therapy plus narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in treating prurigo nodularis.Method According to the randomized controlled principle, the enrolled patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was intervened by bloodletting cupping at the selected acupoints and the topical areas plus NB-UVB once every other day; the control group was by orally taking Mizolastine sustained release tablets and external application of Halometasone cream.Result The total effective rate was 85.7% in the treatment group versus 61.9% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Bloodletting therapy plus NB-UVB can produce a content efficacy in treating prurigo nodularis, with few adverse reactions.

Objective In order to increase the operation coverage of high-frequency (HF) RFID reader without increasing the power output, a novel RFID antenna for multi-drawer intelligent medicine-chest are proposed. Using this antenna, the RFID tags on medicine can be read effectively. Methods Several small antenna coils can be combined in series or parallel connection to make a more efficient RFID reader antenna. The use of small coil will be helpful to eliminate the blind spot of RFID reader with large coil antenna. Results The medicine-chest's size is 58 cm?50 cm?62 cm3, which includes two or three layers. We design four combined small antenna coils to cover the drawer. The test result shows that the antenna read region is about 54 cm?48 cm?30 cm, all RFID tags in the medicine-chest drawer bottom and most RFID tags in the drawer top can be read. Conclusion The multi-drawer coil antenna designed can effectively recognize the RFID tags in medicine-chest. It has a wide application prospect.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on inflammation and amyloid-beta peptide in hippocampus of depressive rats.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to generate animal models of depression.Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):depression model group (group D),electroconvulsive shock group (group DE),ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock group (group DKE),and ketamine group (group DK).Rats in group D received sham ECS treatment;rats in group DE received ECS treatment;rats in group DKE were given intraper-itoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received ECS treatment;rats in group DK were given intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received sham ECS treatment.Morris water maze was used to assess the memory abilities of rats.The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of soluble Aβ.Results Before the administration of ECS or ketamine treatment,there was no significant difference in the escape latencies and space exploration time between the 4 groups (P>0.05).After the ECS and ketamine treatment,rats of group DKE exhibited a shorter escape latencies and a longer space exploration time,and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were down-regulated while the concentration of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were increased compared with group DE with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ketamine can alleviate ECS-induced learning and memory impairments in depressive rats.This cognition-protecting effect of ketamine may be attributed to its suppression of ECS-induced neuroinflammation and decrease of the levels of soluble Aβ in the hippocampus of depressive rats.

BACKGROUND:Based on the original advantages of silk fibroin, positive charged water-soluble chitosan modified silk fibroin is modified on surface and could improve celladhesion on the scaffolds. OBJECTIVE:To verify the biocompatibility of chitosan-modified silk fibroin with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), and feasibility of constructing tissue engineered adipose in vitro. METHODS:The hADSCs at passage 3 were seeded on chitosan-modified silk fibroin at the concentration of 1×107/L, as the experiment group;at the same cellconcentration, hADSCs were seeded in 96-wel plates as the control group. MTT tests were performed to evaluate the adhesion, growth and proliferation of hADSCs on chitosan-modified silk fibroin. Then hADSCs were implanted on the chitosan-modified silk fibroin scaffolds at the concentration of 1×109/L. The hADSCs seeded onto chitosan-modified silk fibroin complexes were respectively cultured with adipogenic differentiation medium and ordinary high-glucose DMEM. The complexes were stained with oil red O, and detected with RT-PCR after cultured 14 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The hADSCs adhered to and proliferated on the scaffolds. After cultured with adipogenic differentiation medium for 14 days, oil red O staining demonstrated that there were amount of mature adipocytes on the scaffold. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ2 was positively expressed. The chitosan-modified silk fibroin possessed excellent biocompatibility in vitro. The co-cultured hADSCs could be induced to mature adipocytes successful y.

ObjectiveTo screen the colonization of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and determine their risk factors in intensive care unit (ICU), so as to provide the basis of prophylaxis and treatment of MDROs colonization.Methods A prospective single-center study was conducted in ICU of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2008 to December 2014. The nostril and anal swabs for each patient who stayed in ICU over 24 hours were collected. Each specimen was cultured and tested for drug sensitivity. Clinical findings and relative risk factors were collected. The risk factors of MDROs colonization were analyzed with univariate analysis. The independent risk factor was selected from the risk factors withP< 0.05 with logistic regression analysis to analyze the related factors of MDROs colonization in ICU.Results 1 672 patients were enrolled. At ICU admission, MDROs colonization was present in 604 cases (36.12%), of whom 62 cases (3.71%) were found to be colonized with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 529 (31.64%) were colonized with extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) enterobacteria, 7 (0.42%) were colonized with multidrug resistantAcinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB), and 6 (0.36%) were colonized with multidrug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). ICU acquired MDROs colonization were 197/1 068 (18.45%), among whom 24 patients (1.44%) were colonized with MRSA, 118 (7.06%) were colonized with ESBL enterobacteria, 50 (2.99%) were colonized with MDR-AB, and 5 (0.30%) were colonized with MDR-PA. By multivariable analysis, prior administration of more than two kinds of antibiotics [odds ratio (OR) = 2.352, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.847 - 4.464,P = 0.002], prior use of broad spectrum antibiotics within 3 months (OR = 2.862, 95%CI = 1.458-5.631,P = 0.014), duration of prior antibiotic administration (OR = 1.781, 95%CI = 1.152 - 3.413,P = 0.003) and hospitalization days prior to ICU admission> 9 days (OR = 1.766, 95%CI = 1.235 - 3.986,P = 0.021) were independent risk factors of MDROs colonization on admission to ICU.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of MDROs colonization in ICU patients was found in our hospital, and ESBL enterobacteria was the predominant bacteria. ICU acquired MDROs colonization is also worth considering, especially for MDR-AB. Identification of risk factors for MDROs colonization may help identify and screen patients with high risk, and it is also instructive in prophylaxis of MDROs colonization/infection and restriction of the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

Objective To study the effect of tiotropium on urination disorder in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods In our prospective pilot study,96 BPH patients with COPD patients were enrolled as the treatment group and another 25 similar cases as the control group:In the former group tiotropium was administered and the control group was not.The two groups were compared in terms of the score by the international Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS),the quality of life by QOL,maximum flow rate (Q-max),average flow rate (Q-ave),time to Q-max (TTQ-Max),prostate volume (PVR) and bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) after six months treatment.Results As compared to the control,after six months treatment,such indexes in the treatment group as IPSS (15.1 ± 4.1,16.3 ± 3.4 and 14.7 ± 3.1,P =0.864),QOL(3.9 ± 0.8,4.0± 0.8 and 4.0 ± 0.9,P =0.992),Q-Max(ml/s) (8.5 ± 2.9,10.9 ± 2.2 and 9.0 ± 2.4,P =0.214),Q-ave(ml/s) (3.9 ±1.2,5.0 ± 1.4 and 3.8 ± 0.9,P =0.054),TTQ-Max(s) (11.1 ± 5.6,11.2 ± 4.0 and 10.4 ± 5.1,P =0.424),PVR(mL)(56.8 ± 33.3,62.3 ± 30.5 and 57.4 ± 29.5,P =0.981),BVE(％) (75.6 ± 13.8,72.7 ± 10.5 and 74.3 ± 12.1,P =0.992).showed no significant differences.Conclusion Tiotropium does not adversely affect lower urinary tract functions in BPH patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize ultrasonic extraction and purification technology of solanesol from tobacco leaf. METH-ODS:Using extraction rate and transport rate of solanesol as indexes,single factor test was used to investigate liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature and time,ultrasonic power and extraction times,and the amount of soap alkali lye(volume ratio of soap alkali lye to extraction liquid),acidizing fluids (volume ratio of acidizing fluids to soap alkali lye extract),extraction times of purification technology. Optimized technology was validated,and the purity of solanesol was calculated;the amount of ex-tracted solanesol was compared between this method and traditional extraction method (spending 30 h),solvent continuous cyclic extraction (spending 5-6 h). RESULTS:Optimized extraction technology was as follows as volume ratio of soap alkali lye to ex-traction liquid 1∶14,ultrasonic extraction temperature 70 ℃,ultrasonic extraction time 60 min,ultrasonic power 120 W,extract-ing for 3 times;optimized purification technology was as follows as volume ratio of soap alkali lye to extraction liquid 2∶35,vol-ume ratio of acidizing fluids to soap alkali lye extract 2∶14,extracting for 4 times. In validation test,extraction rate,transport rate and purity were 92.45%(RSD=0.46%,n=3),79.88%(RSD=0.30%,n=3)and 55.86%(RSD=0.40%,n=3). The amount of solanesol extracted with 3 methods were 52.22,45.22 and 26.10 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized technology is simple and stable,costs less time and saves source with high extraction amount and purity,which is suitable for production,extraction and purification of solanesol from tobacco leaf.

Objective To discuss the feasibility,efficiency and safety of urokinase application in patients with hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.Methods Sixty-nine patients were included,30 treated with ventricular drainage alone and 39 receiving adjunctive intraventricular urokinase.CT images and ADL scores were compared between the two groups.Results The intraventricular thrombolysis with urokinase significantly hastened the resolution of intraventricular blood clots as compared with ventricular drainage alone(P=0.030),with better outcome(P=0.029).Conclusion Urokinase application is a simple,effective,and safe in managing hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.

Objective: To study the immunosuppression function of a novel HLA-derived pepride, RDP1258,and it' s mechanisms. Methods:A peptide derived from HLA,RDP1258,was chemically synthesized.The effects of the peptide on alloreactive cytotoxic activities of rat splenocytes were observed using 3H-TdR method.The heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) activity was analyzed by the enzyme chemistry method.Results:The results showed that the synthetic HLA-derived peptide can obviusly inhibit the proliferation of rat splenocytes and the peptide inhibited HO-1 activty in a dose-dependment manner in vitro.Conclusion:HO-1 might participate in the RDP1258 inhibiting the proliferation of rat splenocytes induced by mitogen and isoantigen.