Objective To analyze the sandtray topics of the children with behavior problems according to the grounded theory method.Methods Collected and described children' s sandtray topics of different types of behavior problems,age and gender.And analyzed them base on a 3 levels coding list compiling according to the ground theory method.Results The frequency of “negative theme” (3.33 ± 1.25 ) was higher than “positive theme” (0.81 ± 1.25 ) with significant difference (P＜0.01) in feature level 1.Age factor had significant effect upon the frequency of “positive theme” in feature level 1 (P ＜ 0.05 ).And also had impact on “harmony”,“ development” in features level 2 (F =3.039,P ＜ 0.05 ).Gender factor,interaction of gender and age had significant effects on frequency of “negative theme” in feature level 1 (F =5.395,P ＜ 0.05 ; F =4.222,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The characteristics of the children' s sandtay with behavioral problems mainly are “negative theme”.And it shows different features in children with different gender or age.

OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the third most malignant tumor in the world. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly expressed in liver, kidney and small intestine, while it showed low expression level in other tissues. It not only plays an important role in the metabolism of bile acids and sugars, but also in the production of chronic inflammation in the early stage of cancer, the proliferation and migration of tumor. Compared with the normal tissue, the expression of FXR in most tumor tissues decreased. But there is no correlation between cervical cancer and FXR. So we aimed to find out the relationship between FXR and cervical cancer. METHODS A clinical study using qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of FXR in tumor tissues and normal tissues of clinical patients. FXR was activated by agonists or over-expressed by lentivirus. MTT, clone formation and flow cytometry were used to detect the relationship between FXR and proliferation of cervical cell lines. Tumor growth ability of FXR was detected by nude mice tumorigenicity. The interaction between FXR and CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway was detected by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS FXR was decreased in cancer tissues compared to normal control. Activation of FXR by agonist or constitutively- over- expression of FXR inhibited cervical cell proliferation. Over- expressed FXR attenuated Caski, Hela and Siha xenograft tumor growth in nude mice compared with control. Over-expression of FXR caused G1 cell-cycle arresting and up-regulated CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway. CONCLUSION FXR inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and cervical tumorigenicity which is related to CDKN2A-p14ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway. Activation or overexpression of FXR may be a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

AIM: Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, such as simvastatin, have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by mechanisms unrelated to its lipid-lowering effect. Several studies have shown that simvastatin induces apoptosis in a varieties of cell lines including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The aim of this study was to investigate the signal pathways involved in apoptosis induced by simvastatin. METHODS: Cultured VSMC were treated with simvastatin. Calpain activity was determined by measuring Ca 2+ ionophore-specific calpain substrate (suc-LLVY-AMC), caspase-3 activation was detected by Western blot, and apoptotic changes were distinguished by annexin Ⅴ binding and DNA laddering. RESULTS: After incubated with 30 ?mol/L simvastatin for 8 h, calpain activity had a marked increase ( P

Congresses as Topic ; Head ; surgery ; Neck ; surgery ; Otolaryngology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tensile stress on human heel skin fibroblast proliferation in vitro, providing a theoretical basis for preventing the wound edge skin necrosis and nonunion after calcaneal fracture surgery.

METHODSFibroblast cells were taken from lateral heel skin of a 40 year-old-man, then cultured and subcultured in vitro. After that, they were divided into three groups: 0 hours group, 6 hours group and 24 hours group and were tested by tensile stress testing. The levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in nutrient fluid were measured. Transmission electron microscope and light microscope was applied for observe mitochondria and nucleus.

RESULTSUnder 10% of the tensile stress, mitochondria decreased, the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in nutrient fluid were decreased and cell proliferation was inhibited gradually with time increasing.

CONCLUSIONThe human lateral heel skin in a long-time tensile stress state is an important cause of wound edge skin necrosis and nonunion after calcaneus fracture surgery.

Adult ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; chemistry ; cytology ; Heel ; physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Skin ; chemistry ; cytology ; metabolism ; Tensile Strength ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects and values of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EC-MO) used in patients after cardiac arrest. Method During five years period from June 2002 to June 2007,fifteen cases taken for cardiopulmonary resuscitation were treated by using ECMO in the emergency department and ICU. All the measures for disgnosis and treatment were observed to the guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovasculat care set by the American Heart Association in 2005, and ECMO was applied in addition. The study was a self-comparison trial. The biomarkers including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure( CVP) , arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( PCQ2), oxygen saturation (SaO2), hydrogen power (PH), and concentration of lactic acid were taken and assayed before and 10 min, 1 h,6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after treatment. Differences between the results of measurements were analysed by t -test for matched pairs using SPSS version 10.0 software package. Neurological sequelae was also observed and described. Results Ten minutes after ECMO treatment, MAP rose dramatically (P < 0.01) and got to further higher level one hour later ( P < 0.05). On the other hand, CVP dropped off 10 minutes after ECMO treatment and further lowered one hour later, and PaO2 and SaO2 were improved apparently ( P < 0.01), and pH was increased significantly (P < 0.01), while a derease in concentration of arterial LA of significantly (P < 0.01). Of the 15 cases, 11 patients got well,including completely recovered without sequelae in 5,memory disorders in 2 and hemipleggia in 2 patients. Conclusions ECMO provides effective blood flow to hearts, and therefore, improves oxygenation and oxygen consumption greatly. Moreover, it provides stable oxygenated blood to brain and therefore, it is a good approach to cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation.

Objective To investigate the effect and significance of microglia/macrophage activation prior to cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) in regulating toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling pathway in early stage after ischemic brain injury in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats were selected and divided into normal control group,sham operation group,ischemia group,intervention group and treatment group according to random number table,with six rats per group.A rat model of focal permanent cerebral infarct was established by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAO).CIP was performed by local ischemia-reperfusion.Minocycline was used to inhibit microglia/macrophage activation after CIP.Features of microglia/macrophage activation after CIP were detected by immunofluorescence; mRNA expressions of predominant factors (NF-κB inhibitor α,IκB-α;tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α) of TLR2/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in parietal cerebral cortex by in situ hybridization method; death rate by Kaplan-meier survival curves; neurological deficits by a 5-point neurological scale; brain infarct size by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Results Microglia/macrophage started activation at one hour after cerebral ischemic injury in preconditioning group and presented a significant increase at 12 hours.Speed and range of activation were higher in preconditioning group than in ischemic group.IκB-α mRNA in preconditioning group started expression at one hour.TNF-α mRNA in preconditioning group remained a low expression in 12 hours and had a significantly lower peak value as compared with that in ischemic group (P ＜ 0.05).CIP increased rat survival rate significantly,improved nerve function and reduced infarction size when compared with the ischemia group (P ＜ 0.05).Minocycline inhibited nerve protection by CIP significantly (P ＜0.05).Conclusion CIP induces rapid activation of microglia/macrophage in early period of rat cerebral ischemic injury and provides brain protection probably via inhibition of TLR2/NF-κB activity and inflammatory overreaction to cerebral ischemia.

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of XbaI and MspI loci of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene and -75 bp,+83 bp loci of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) gene and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Kazaks of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.Methods These loci were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP).Two hundred and five patients with CHD and two hundred and thirty six controls were involved.Results There were significant distinctions among low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio between the two groups,but no significant distinction among the polymorphism frequencies of the four sites between the two groups.The polymorphism coalition frequency of X-/Ms++/M1+-/M2++ (named Coalition 11) was significantly higher in CHD compared to the control group (14.6％ vs.7.2％,P ＜ 0.05).The level of total cholesterol (TC) in Coalition 1 1 was significantly higher and the level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Coalition 11 was significantly lower than Coalition 1～10 in CHD patients.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 11 was significantly lower than the Coalition 1～10 in control group.The levels of ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 3 were significantly higher compared to Coalition 11 in the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 3 was significantly lower than in the Coalition 11 in control group.The level of TC of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than Coalition 3 in the CHD group.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 5 was significantly lower than in Coalition 3 or Coalition 1～10 of the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than in Coalition 3 in control group.The ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was negatively related to TC,LDL-C and was positively related to HDL-C,both in CHD and control groups.Conclusion Coalition 11 of the 4 loci polymorphisms of the ApoB and ApoAI genes was correlated with CHD in Kazaks,and perhaps the ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was the most diagnostic parameter related with CHD among all lipid parameters.CHD may also be associated with Coalition 5,and,perhaps,Coalition 3 may have been confirmed as a protection factor against CHD,if more samples were enrolled.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+ ). Methods The data of one family with GEFS+ were retrospectively analyzed by studying clinical manifestations, physical examinations, electroencephalogram(EEG), 24 hours dynamic EEG monitoring, et al. Some of the patients were examined by CT. Results Ⅳ 12, her chief complaints when admitted to hospital were frequent spasm for 3 days. She began to appear febrile seizures (FS) from 8 months after birth, and frequent generalized tonic - clonic FS appeared during that time. There were 36 people in 5 generations of the family including 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) ,aged from 4 years and 5 months to 82 years. FS presented in 8 cases (Ⅱ 2, Ⅲ1, Ⅲ4, Ⅲ6, Ⅳ1, Ⅳ11, Ⅳ17, Ⅴ2),febrile seizures plus(FS +) in 4 cases ( Ⅳ2, Ⅳ12, Ⅳ13, Ⅳ14), ES + and absence seizures in 1 case ( Ⅴ1 ), uncertain type in 1 case (Ⅰ2). The results of EEG indicated that 12 cases were normal and 4 cases with FS+ and 1 case with absence seizures had epileptic discharges. Apart form Ⅳ13, Ⅳ14 who were treated with magnesium valproate, the dosage for the other patients decreased, or medicine terminated or without medicine, and all the patients had no recurrence of seizures. The intelligence, movement development and neurological examinations of the family were all normal. Head CT scan of 3 cases were normal. Conclusions GEFS+ is autosomal dominant inheritance disease with conspicuous genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic heterogeneity. The apprehension of GEFS+ plays an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epilepsy in childhood.

This article summarized the progresses of pharmacokinetic about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent 10 years. Reports indicated that the studies of pharmacokinetic about TCM were in the stage of exploratory. Many factors restricted the progresses of pharmacokinetic such as complexity of medicine components, multi-target of drug effect and imperfect of evaluation methods. With the developing of modern analytical techniques and indication of TCM theories, we believe that the pharmacokinetic study will be constantly updated and improved.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution