OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and nasal obstruction. METHOD: Clinical data of 48 OSAHS patients with structural abnormality in nasal cavity treated in our department were retrospectively analysed. These patients received endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery and were observed for the relief of both subjective and objective symptoms. RESULT: PSG was reexamined 12 months postoperatively. Of all the patients, 29 cases (60.4%) showed complete recovery, 10 cases (20.8%) showed remarkable improvement of the symptoms, 4 cases (8.3%) exhibited curative effect and 5 cases (10.4%) were of no effect, respectively. The symptoms of apnea, hypopnea, LSaO2 and somnolence were significantly improved in all patients,and nasal congestion was obviously relieved. The improvement of snore was not evident. CONCLUSION Endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of OSAHS mainly due to nasal obstruction. Operation should be performed to correct structural abnormality in nasal cavity and adjust symmetric distribution of nasal airflow on both sides in order to maintain normal ventilation function. The procedure is applicable to OSAHS patients accompanied by nasal congestion and upper airway resistance syndrome and personalized adjustment is beneficial for better clinical efficacy according to the condition of different patients.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Nasal Obstruction ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Background and purpose: Arginase-1 (Arg-1) is an enzyme involved in the urea cycle. Research has shown that changed expression of Arg-1 plays an important role in the cellular metabolism and growth. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of Arg-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features. Methods: The expression of Arg-1 protein and mRNA in 31 samples of HCC, paracancerous liver tissues and 12 samples of normal liver was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression profiles of Arg-1 at protein level in 158 samples of HCC and paracancerous liver tissues were detected with high-throughput tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry. The relationships between Arg-1 expression and clinicopathological features were also analyzed. Results:The expression of Arg-1 mRNA and protein was signiifcantly decreased in HCC compared with the paracancerous liver tissues and normal liver tissues (F=57.83, 160.89; all P<0.01). The expression of Arg-1 in HCC was related to differentiation degree (F=10.41, 30.03; all P<0.01). And with tumor differentiation decreased, the expression level down-regulated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Arg-1 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nuclear. The expression rates of Arg-1 were 88%, 98.7%and 100%in HCC, paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that Arg-1 protein staining rate was signiifcantly lower in tumor tissues than that in paracancerous tissues (χ2=14.7416, P<0.01) and normal liver tissues (χ2=4.1415, P<0.05). The Arg-1 expression was correlated with differentiation degree of HCC, vascular invasion and recurrence after operation (χ2=22.8459, 10.2639, 10.6368 respectively;all P<0.05), but not correlated with age, gender, the hepatitis B virus, the level of serum AFP, liver cirrhosis, diameter of tumor and tumor number. Conclusion:The expression level of Arg-1 is much lower in HCC than that in the paracancerous liver and normal liver. Moreover, Arg-1 expression level is closely related to tumor differentiation degree, metastasis and relapse. These data demonstrate that Arg-1 may play a negative role in the development of HCC.

Objective To assess the value of multi-slice spiral CTA in the diagnosis of iliac vein compression syndrome(IVCS)and secondary thrombosis.Methods The CTA data of 80 controls and 31 patients with IVCS conformed by DSA were retrospectively studied.The inner diameters of the compressed iliac vein in two groups were measured and compression ratios were calculated.The data were compared using t test and Wilcoxon test.The findings of CTA were compared with that of DSA and the accuracy of CTA was analyzed.Results For the control group,the inner diameters of left iliac vein in female group(7.0±2.5)mm were significantly less than that in male group(8.1±2.5)mm(t=2.42,P＜0.05).For the control group,the inner diameters of left iliac vein was(7.6±2.0)mm,and the compression ratios were 0 to 65.41%(median 27.65%).The compression ratios were no statistical differences between male group(0 to 61.36%,median 26.82%)and female group(0 to 65.41%,median 28.75%)(Z=-0.59,P＞0.05).For the patients group,the inner diameters of compression iliac vein was(2.7±1.1)mm.The compression ratios were 55.18% to 100%(median 76.12%).Both inner diameters and compression ratios were statistically different between the control and patients group(t=12.78,P＜0.05;Z=-8.18,P＜0.05).Fifteen of 31 cases with IVCS were accompanied with deep vein thrombosis.The left iliac veins were compress in 28 cases,while right iliac veins were compressed in 2 cases.The left and right iliac common veins were compressed by the left and right jliac common arteries in one case.The results of CTA were consistent with that of DSA in all cases.Conclusions CTA can not only measure the inner diameters of iliae vein compression and calculate compression ratios,but also demonstrate secondary thrombosis clearly.CTA is an effective examination in diagnosis of IVCS and secondary thrombosis.

Objective To explore the value of arginase-1(Arg-1) and glypican-3 (GPC-3) combined examination in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),metastatic carcinoma (MC) of liver and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods From January 2005 to December 2011,a total of 54 patients with HCC were selected,including 10 cases with high differentiation,25 cases with moderate differentiation and 19 cases with poor differentiation.At the same time,25 patients with MC of liver and 20 patients with ICC were selected.A total of 31 normal liver specimens were set as control.The expressions of Arg 1 and GPC-3 in the above tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The sensitivity and specificity of the examination in the diagnosis of HCC were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for count data analysis.Results The positive expression rate of Arg-1 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 87.0％ (47/54),4.0％ (1/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 100.0％ (31/31),respectively.The Arg 1 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =66.98,P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of GPC-3 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 70.4％ (38/54),12.0％ (3/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 0 (0/31),respectively.The GPC-3 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC and the difference was statistically significant (x2=37.98,P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of Arg-1 or GPC-3 positive in HCC diagnosis was 92.6％ (50/54) and 86.7％ (39/45).The sensitivity and specificity of both Arg 1 and GPC-3 positive in HCCdiagnosis was 64.8％ (35/54) and 100.0％ (45/45).Conclusion Arginase-1 and glypican-3 combined examination has an important value in HCC diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment for patients with precancerous laryngeal lesions under phonomicrosurgery and to explore the points for attention in operation. METHOD: They were all treated with phonomicrosurgery techniques as mucosal epitheliumablation or mucosal stripping by using CO2 laser. Eight patients with laryngeal papilloma were excised by CO2 laser. RESULT: All patients were treated with CO2 laser surgery successfully. During follow-up of 6 to 39 months, all patients survived. Local recurrence or canceration were detected in 3 cases, of which 2 cases with laryngeal papilloma underwent CO2 laser treatment in one year post-operatively, while the other case with severe dysplasia underwent laryngeal vertical partial laryngectomy and post-operative radiotherapy one and half year postoperatively due to canceration. No local recurrence occurred until the last follow up. No severe complications such as dyspnea and hemorrhage occured. CONCLUSION CO2 laser surgery is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for precancerous laryngeal lesions. Through selecting the appropriate patient and paying attention to the operation during surgery, the adhesion of vocal cord can be reduced or even be avoided after CO2 laser surgery.
Adult ; Aged ; Carbon Dioxide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Gas ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

The hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) gene mutation is responsible for gouty arthritis, kidney stone, and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS). It has been reported that the expression of HGPRT is decreased or even absent in these diseases. Rabbits are an ideal model for studying the pathology of these diseases. Therefore, the development of an HGPRT-knockdown rabbit model will be highly beneficial m such studies. Stable HGPRT-knoekdown transgenie fibroblast lines were generated by transfecting rabbit fibroblasts with RNA interference (RNAi) plasmids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses indicated that the average positive rate was 83.3%. The mRNA and protein levels of HGPRT in the transgenic fibroblast lines were significantly lower than that in the control. Transgenic rabbit blastocysts were derived after performing nuclear transfer. The results show that RNAi can be used to stably knock down expression of the HGPRT in rabbit fibroblasts and further improvements in related technologies will facilitate the use of this method for the generation of HGPRT-knockdown rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features, therapeutic methods and therapeutic effects of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma.

METHODSClinical data of 6 patients with sinonasal hemangiopericytoma, diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemistry between January 1990 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 2 females, with a median age of 58 years. Clinical manifestation included epistaxis and nasal obstruction. These patients were operated on by nasal endoscopic surgery or endoscope-assisted surgery, of which 2 cases of tumor located in the nasal cavity underwent nasal endoscopic surgery and 4 cases of tumor located in the nasal cavity and sinuses underwent endoscope-assisted surgery.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for a period of 6 months to 7 years after operation. Two cases recurred and 4 cases didn't recurred. One case recurred 6 months after operation and underwent second operation, with no recurrence by further one year follow-up. Another case recurred 17 months after operation and underwent second operation, with recurrence by further 9 months follow-up. This patient lived with tumor over two years.

CONCLUSIONSHemangiopericytomas are rarely found in the sinonasal cavity. Nasal endoscopic or endoscope-assisted surgery provides satisfactory effect.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hemangiopericytoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDNominal atrioventricular (AV) interval in dual chamber pacemaker (DDD) is not the best AV delay in the majority of patients with atrioventricular block. To find a simple method for optimizing AV delay adjustment, we assessed surface electrocardiography (ECG) for optimizing AV delay during dual chamber pacing.

METHODSDDD pacemakers were implanted in 46 patients with complete, or almost complete, AV block. Optimal AV delay was achieved by programming an additional delay of 100 ms, to the width of intrinsic P wave or to the interval between pacing spike to the end of P wave on surface ECG. Left ventricular (LV) end diastolic and end systolic volumes, ejection fraction and diastolic parameters were measured by Doppler echocardiography during both nominal and optimal AV delay pacing.

RESULTSCompared to nominal AV delay setting, LV end diastolic volume increased [to (53.2 +/- 11.3) ml from (50.2 +/- 10.2) ml, P < 0.05], end systolic volume decreased [to (26.1 +/- 9.0) ml from (27.9 +/- 8.2) ml, P < 0.05] during adjusted AV delay pacing, resulting in an increase in LV ejection fraction [to (68.2 +/- 5.3)% from (64.5 +/- 4.3)%, P < 0.05]. LV diastolic filling and isovolumic relaxation time were not significantly changed.

CONCLUSIONOptimization of AV delay by surface ECG is a simple method to improve LV systolic function during dual chamber pacing.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrioventricular Node ; physiopathology ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Female ; Heart Block ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo introduce the College of American Pathologists/American College of Medical Genetics Cytogenetics Resource Committee criteria for genetic heterogeneity (GH) in HER2 testing, and investigate the clinicopathological significance of HER2 genetic heterogeneity in invasive breast cancer.

METHODSThe clinical parameters of 100 cases of invasive breast carcinomas were collected. HER2 expression level and HER2 gene copy number in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumor samples were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the relationship between HER2 gene GH and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 100 patients, HER2 gene GH was observed in 20 (20%) cases. When the number of HER2 amplified cells was more than 25%, the frequencies of FISH positive were higher than those cases with less than 25% HER2 amplified cells. The results showed that HER2 gene GH was associated with the degree of HER2 protein expression (P=0.004), and ER expression (P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONHER2 gene GH may be correlated with the HER2 protein IHC 1+/2+, and ER expression in breast carcinoma. It is important for doctors to avoid ignoring or only counting FISH positive cells leading to incorrect diagnosis for these patients.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify the predictors of the positive results of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy for prostate cancer.

METHODSWe performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses on the relevant data on 385 male patients that underwent TRUS-guided biopsy for prostate cancer, including such potential predictors as age, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, results of digital rectal examination (DRE), tPSA, fPSA, free/total PSA ratio (f/tPSA), prostate volume (PV), and PSA density (PSAD) for identification of the risk factors related to the positive rate of biopsy. Then we constructed a scoring system as a tool for predicting prostate cancer in repeat biopsies and determined the sensitivity of the system by calculating the false positive rate using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTSAmong the 385 patients, 139 (36.1%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. On multivariate analysis, age (P < 0.01), DRE (P < 0.01), tPSA (P < 0.01), fPSA (P < 0.01), f/tPSA (P < 0.01), PV (P < 0.01), and PSAD (P < 0.01) were all significant predictors of prostate cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age, tPSA, f/tPSA, PV, and PSAD to be independent predictors, with ORs and 95% CIs of 1.07 (1.05-1.16), 1.05 (1.02-1.15), 0.97 (0.86-0.99), 0.98 (0.87-0.96), and 1.79 (1.48-2.06), respectively. Moreover, patients with the risk score of 3-5 had a significantly higher rate of prostate cancer than those with 0-2 (64% vs 11%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe scoring system on the key predictors of prostate cancer can help urologists to identify the men in need of prostatic biopsy.

Aged ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; methods ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; analysis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods