A study on the pathologic findings after recession and resection of extraocular muscles in rabbits was performed. Fibrosis of the extraocular muscles increased with time, which showed no difference between the recessed and resected muscles. Inflammation and foreign body reaction decreased with time, which showed no difference between the recessed and resected muscles. Adhesions of extraocular muscles to the sclera were observed from one month after the operation. The resected muscles showed milder adhesion to the sclera than the recessed ones. The operated extraocular muscles showed atrophies at one month, which showed no difference between the recessed and resected muscles. According to our results, when reoperation is needed, fibrosis of the extraocular muscles after recession and resection should be considered when making a decision on the amount of muscle to be recessed and resected.
Animals ; Atrophy/etiology ; Fibrosis/etiology ; Foreign-Body Reaction/pathology ; Inflammation/etiology/pathology ; Oculomotor Muscles/pathology/*surgery ; Postoperative Complications/*pathology ; Rabbits ; Reoperation

A study on the pathologic findings after recession and resection of extraocular muscles in rabbits was performed. Fibrosis of extraocular muscles increased with time, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. Inflammation and foreign body reaction decreased with time, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. Adhesions of extraocular muscles to the sclera were observed from 1 month after operation. The resected muscles showed milder adhesion to the sclera than recessed one. The operated extraoculr muscles showed atrophies at 1 month, which showed no difference between recessed and resected muscles. According to our results, when reoperation is needed, fibrosis of extraocular muscles after recession and resection should be considered in making decision of recession and resection amount of muscles.
Atrophy ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Inflammation ; Muscles* ; Rabbits* ; Reoperation ; Sclera

Although chronic sinusitis is more often caused by the blockage of sinus ostia or the presence of an oroantral fistula, the disease is generally caused by dental problems. Although chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin is a rare entity when compared to sinus diseases of rhinogenic origin, it is extremely important to identify a dental etiology when it occurs. Chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin may be caused by the followings; chronic oroantral fistula (OAF), foreign bodies (dental fillings, teeth roots, parts of broken instruments, or packing materials) pushed through the root canal or OAF into the sinus, periapical granulomas or small inflammatory cysts of the molars and bicuspids, or large odontogenic cysts occupying total or subtotal space of the maxillary sinus. We report a case of unilateral subacute maxillary sinusitis associated with foreign body in the maxillary sinus. The foreign body in the maxillary sinus was dental Nu gauze. Dental Nu gauze helps to control bleeding and prevent pooling of wound fluid. Although endoscopic approach to chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin is a new, reliable method associated with less morbidity and lower incidence of complications, the operation was conducted mainly according to the Caldwell-Luc's method. Based on the findings of our case, we suggest that patient's dental problem history and dental state must be taken into consideration in cases where maxillary sinusitis is suspected.
Bicuspid ; Dental Materials* ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis* ; Molar ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Oroantral Fistula ; Periapical Granuloma ; Sinusitis ; Tooth ; Wounds and Injuries

Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a disorder classified as non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia and is common in adolescents. Sleep fragmentation occurs frequently in somnambulism, and waking up and wandering are the main symptoms of the disorder. Our patient was a 14-year-old male with a 3-year history of sleepwalking at night when he visited our sleep clinic. A polysomnography was performed for the evaluation of parasomnia. Our patient was diagnosed as having parasomnia overlap syndrome with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was prescribed for the OSA. After 12 weeks of CPAP, not only did the patient’s OSA symptoms resolve but somnambulism disappeared. Previous reports of overlap syndrome with OSA and somnambulism also supported the use of CPAP treatment for patients with both OSA and somnambulism.

Scleroderma is rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs such as lung, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart and so on. The association between scleroderma and malignancy has been a controversy during recent years. We report a 77-year old female who had scleroderma and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. She was diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma and then sclerotic skin change developed in both hands and feet 3 months later. We present this case with a review of literatures.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagus ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Foot ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hand ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung ; Rare Diseases ; Skin

A Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) - coronavirus (CoV) cluster that attacked Korea in May 2015 revealed several weaknesses in Korea's health care system in the face of the crisis of an emerging infectious disease and its public health implications. This experience has shown that is necessary to prepare comprehensive countermeasures through the cooperation of civil and public agencies to prevent a second or even third MERS outbreak and to control future crises of infectious disease and public health. The MERS Policy Committee of the Korean Medical Association has thus proposed a master plan for reform of the national infectious disease prevention and management system to prepare a new framework for national infectious disease prevention and control. The specific targets of the master plan are improvement of the system of usage of medical services and of the medical culture among national health insurance subscribers, improvement of the emergency room management system to prevent the spread of infectious disease, the establishment of a support system to promote effective voluntary infectious disease prevention activities among medical institutions, the building of a public health crisis communication system in collaboration with medical organizations, the establishment of an independent Ministry of Health and capacity building of the Korea Centers for Disease Control (KCDC), the securing of an advanced research and development system in the field of prevention and control of infectious disease, and the capacity building of professional epidemiologists and personnel needed to prevent and control infectious disease. The five core strategies of the master plan have been planned by medical experts in this order of priority: the reform of the healthcare delivery system, the independence of the Ministry of Health and capacity building of the KCDC, fundraising for a public infection management fund, enforcement of medical organization infection control, and improvement of the emergency room management system.
Capacity Building ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases* ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Cooperative Behavior ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Financial Management ; Infection Control ; Korea* ; Middle East ; National Health Programs ; Public Health

Colonic interposition is the main procedure used in esophageal reconstruction. We report a rare case of simultaneous treatment of an anastomotic site stricture and a neoplasm in the interpositioned colon. A 69-year-old female visited our outpatient clinic with symptoms of progressive dysphagia for 1 year. At the age of 30 years, the patient underwent esophagectomy with retrosternal colonic interposition because of severe esophageal burns after chemical ingestion. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed stricture at the anastomosis site and a 10-mm flat elevated high-grade dysplasia in the interpositioned colon. First, through-the-scope balloon dilatation was performed for strictures. However, stenosis was observed during the second upper gastrointestinal endoscopy session.Therefore, a second session of through-the-scope balloon dilatation was performed, and simultaneously, endoscopic submucosal dissection was also successfully performed. After 2 months of follow-up, stenosis persisted; consequently, balloon dilatation was performed. No recurrence of neoplasm was confirmed endoscopically. Through-the-scope balloon dilatation of the stricture site and simultaneous endoscopic submucosal dissection of the neoplasm in the interpositioned colon were successfully performed.