Objective:To study the toxicity of 11 dehydrocorticosterone on hippocampal neurons and to determine whether 11? hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11? HSD1) is involved in the neurotoxity. Methods:Western blotting, radiometric enzyme activity assay and MTT assay were employed in this study. Results:Both 11? HSD1 protein and bioactivity were positive in the hippocampal neurons as demonstrated by Western blotting and radiometric enzyme activity assay. At concentration of 10 -6 mol/L, 11 dehydrocorticosterone was neurontoxic to hippocampal neurons cultured in serum free DMEM medium. This neurotoxic effect of 11 dehydrocorticosterone was blocked by 11? HSD1 inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU38486, but not by mineralcocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolatone. Corticosterone and its derivative 11 dehydrocorticosterone up regulated 11? HSD1 level. Conclusion:11 dehydrocorticosterone has toxicity on hippocampal neurons, and it can be blocked by CBX, suggesting 11? HSD1 may convert biologically inactive 11 dehydrocorticosterone to active corticosterone. The up regulation of 11? HSD1 by glucocorticoids in return exaggerates the neurotoxic effect of corticosterone, which may play a positive role in the delayed neuron death during stress.

Objective To observe the adverse reactions of acute stage and late stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Methods 89 patients were investigated in the outpatient department by form.The median follow-up time was 3 years (2-23 years).Results In the acute stage,the ratios of serious xerostomia [78.7 ％(70/89)],the ear reaction [66.3 ％ (59/89)] and nose impairment [64.0 ％ (57/89)] were very high.In the late stage 79.8 ％ (71/89) patients developed radioactive tympanitis,in which 53.9 ％ (48/89) patients induced hearing loss,42.7 ％ (38/89) patients developed dry nose or nasal excessive discharge.The rate of serious xerostomia was 11.2 ％ (10/89),66.3 ％(59/89) patients suffered from superficial and more serious caries.Conclusion The rates of the radioactive tympanitis and caries stayed high in the late stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Concurreut chemoradiotherapy is probable to increase or aggravate the incidence of adverse reactions in the acute stage,but don’t show an effect on the late stage reaction.

Objective This study was designed to study the distribution and developmental changes of 11?\|hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1(11?\|HSD1) in the neonatal rat brain. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the distribution and changes of 11?\|HSD1 protein levels in the neonatal rat brain. Results 11?\|HSD1 protein was highly expressed in all layers of the cerebral cortex as well as all sub\|regions of the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of 11?\|HSD1 protein in the neonatal rat cortex,hippocampus and hypothalamus was higher during the first two weeks of life,but started to fall from 15th day after birth.Conclusion\ The expression pattern of 11?\|HSD1 protein in different brain areas in the neonatal rat suggests that 11?\|HSD1 protein may play an important role in the development and maturation of the brain.\;[

Objective To denoise digital radiographic images well.Methods A technique was presented that used the Anscombe's transformation to adjust the original image to a Gaussian noise model based upon the wavelet denoising method and the wavelet-domain Hidden Markov Tree(HMT) model.Wavelet domain HMT models were used to determine the dependencies of multiscale wavelet coefficients through the state probabilities of the wavelet coefficients,whose sedistribution densities could be approximated by Gaussian mixture model.Results The proposed method could keep natural images edges from damaging and increase PSNR.Conclusion Quantitative and qualitative DR images assessment shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional Gaussian filter in terms of noise reduction,quality of details and bone sharpness.

To compare the growth factors mRNA expressions in human skin fibroblasts cultured in two (2D) or three dimensional systems (3D). Human skin fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in collagen jelly (3D) or the regular culture plates (2D). After 72 hours, the total RNA of fibroblasts were extracted. Specific oligonucleotide primers for the growth factor VEGF and bFGF were synthesized and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was utilized to amplify the mRNA of those growth factors. RT PCR productions were separated by electrophoresis in 1% wt/vol agarose gels and photographed. Semi quantitative data were statistically analyzed. Although the morphology of fibroblasts in 3D culture was different from that in 2D culture, the RT PCR analysis revealed the same expression and concentration of VEGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA in human skin fibroblasts cultured in different systems.

g this model, trainees could improve their basic techniques, such as resection and vaporization technique.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of finasteride in treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) during a 14-year period in a hospital.Methods Forty-one patients with BPH receiving finasteride 5 mg daily for the treatment from December 1994 to Febrary 2009 were included in the study. The base line and the end of study data of nocturia, prostate volume, serum creatine, complete blood count and serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were recorded. The acute urinary retention, surgical treatment and drug adverse reaction (prostate cancer or breast cancer) during the observation periods were recorded as well.ResultsAll the 41 cases took finasteride regularly for long-term medical therapy of BPH. At the end of this study, the average age of patients was (87.9±5.4) years old and the average duration of treatment was (141.1±27.1) months. The numbers of nocturia were 1.8±1.5 and 3.2±1.3 pre- and post- treatment, respectively (t= -4.52,P<0. 05). Before and at the end of the study, the prostate volumes were (44.9±26.6) ml and (42.8±31.3) ml, respectively(t=0. 33,P>0.05). Stratified study showed that, compared with the baseline data, the prostate volume was increased by 17.3 ％ in patients with prostate volume <25 ml(t= -0. 88 ,P>0. 05) ; the prostate volume was decreased by 17.2％ in patients with prostate volume of 25-40 ml(t=2.59,P<0.05); the prostate volumes were (63.3±28. 9) ml and (62.6±36.5) ml pre- and post-treatment in patients with prostate volume > 40 ml, and there was no significant change(t= 0.07, P>0. 05). Before and after the treatment, the serum creatine levels were (96.8±18. 6) mol/L and (86.45±32. 3) mol/L, respectively(t= 1.79, P>0. 05) ; the white blood cell counts were (6.4±1.5) × 109 L and (6.0±1.7) ×109 L, respectively (t= 1.13,P>0. 05) ; and the PSA levels were (1.2±2.0) μg/L and (1.4±1.7) μg/L, respectively (t=-0. 49,P>0. 05). Three cases (7.3％) occurred acute urinary retention. There was no prostate cancer and breast cancer case, and no new adverse event occurred during long-time use of finasteride. Conclusions This retrospective study has demonstrated that the clinical progress of BPH can be controlled effectively by long-term administration of finasteride.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),and to provide a theoretical basis of prevention and treatment.Methods Retrospective analyed the clinical data of 145 critically ill neonates,who were treated with mechanical ventilator from Jan 2006 to Dec 2009 in the Third People′s Hospital of Wenzhou City,NICU.According to whether the neonates were occurred VAP,they were divided into two groups:VAP group(52 cases) and without VAP group(93 cases).Results Fifty-two out of the 145 neonates developed VAP.The incidence of VAP was 35.86%,the main relevent factors were the gestational ages,birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The main pathogens were opportunistic bacteria,and mostly were G-bacilli.Conclusion The incidence of VAP has a close conclusion with the gestational ages,the birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.Regulate the use of breathing machine,strengthen aseptic operation,and select effective antibiotic can control the occurrence and development of VAP.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the nitric oxide(NO)and the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension(PH)induced by congenital heart disease(CHD). Method:NO content in plasma of CHD patient's pulmonory artery and superior vena cava was detected with NO kit. Result:NO content in the pulmonary artery of the patients with PH was much higher than that of patients without PH(37.58?9.99?mol/L vs 19.03?15.25?mol/L,P0.5). Conclusion:NO content in the pulmonary artery of CHD patients with PH increase,which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PH induced by CHD.

Objective To study the damage of rat articular cartilage induced by different doses of T-2 toxin, and to explore the relationship between mini-dose T-2 toxin and articular cartilage damage. Methods A total of 120 Wistar rats, weighing 50 - 70 g, were randomly divided into four groups according to their body weights: T-2 toxin group 0(control), 100, 200, 300 μg/kg, 30 rats in each group. Animals in the control group were fed standard rat chow, and animals in the three T-2 toxin groups were fed T-2-toxin-contaminated chow (the dose was 100, 200, 300 μg/kg, respectively). After 6 months, rats were euthanized by ether asphyxiation. The bilateral knee joints were collected and section prepared. The articular cartilage was examined by light and electronic microscope. Results Light microscope showed, the rat articular chondrocytes were clear and arranged orderliness in the control group. The rat articular chondrocytes were disarranged in 100 μg/kg T-2 toxin group.Degeneration and necrosis were found in 200 μg/kg group. Chondrocytes were shrunken with hypereosinophilia cytoplasm and fragmented pyknotic nuclei, extensive areas of chondrocyte loss and chondrocyte clones were visible in 300 μg/kg group. Scanning electronic micrograph(SEM) showed, the rat articular chondrocytes were clear, well formed and arranged tidy in the control group. The surface of articular cartilage was rough in 100 μg/kg group.Collagen fasciculi ruptured and stacked up in 200 μg/kg group. Presented a typical articular dryness phenomenon,the cartilage surface collapsed and many pits appeared in 300 μg/kg group. Transmission electronic microscope (TEM) showed that chondrocytes were abundant with cytoplasm, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the control group; agglomerate chromatin scattered along the karyotheca, nuclear membrane was thickening, with vacuolar degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum in the 100 μg/kg group; endoplasmic reticulum expended, with protein retention and organelles breaks in the 200 μg/kg group. A large number of chondrocytes lost organdles, the membrane structures disrupted and the cartilage matrix stromatolyzed in the 300 μg/kg group. Conclusions Within the range of 100 - 300 μg/kg, T-2 toxin induces dose-related articular cartilage injury, the greater the dose, the more serious damage.