Objective To explore the possibility of finding pulmonary embolish by CT scan. Methods 20 cases of patients with pulmonary embolism comfirmed by CTA were selected. The CT scan was compared with the enhance film in the same level of contrast observation site. Results 12 cases found in plain site with the CTA form show abnormal density within the same lumen shadow. Indirect signs of bronchial artery dilatation except plain and outside the CTA showed no difference. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism in the carefully observed before enhanced large artery can be found within the thrombus.

Objective To study the vascular architecture and the indication of endovascular embolization of intramedullary AVMs and evaluate the therapeutic effect. Methods 15 patients (male 9 and female 6 , 9 to 43 years old) with acute or progressive paralysis were undergone DSA and endovascular embolization. The embolic material was PVA particles and silk suture segments. Lidocaine test was performed before embolization if it was necessary. Results There were 3 glomus AVMs and 12 juvenile AVMs among the 15 cases. The glomus AVM was usually fed by single artery, the juvenile AVM was fed by two or more arteries. Among 15 patients, 2 were cured, 3 had excellent effect, 6 had good effect, 4 showed no changed and no one became worsening. After 6 months to 5 years follow up, 7 patients with recurrency were re embolized,another 2 patients were lost of follow up. Conclusions Endovascular embolization is a mild invasive, safety and effective therapeutic method for curing AVMs by avascularizing the rudus and decreasing the drainage vein pressure and bleeding.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) and endovascular chemotherapy and embolization for the treatment of vertebrae malignant tumors. Methods Twenty nine patients (male 16, female 13) had 40 vertebrae malignant tumors, including 28 patients with 37 vertebrae metastases and 1 patient with multiple myeloma involving 3 vertebrae. The primary foci were esophageal cancer, lung cancer, colon carcinoma, hepatic cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer and 2 of unknown. All the patients showed moderate or severe thoracic and lumbar pain with 2 patients of spinal cord dysfunction. Eighteen cases with 26 vertebrae were performed PVP only, 11 cases with 16 vertebrae were undergone endovascular chemotherapy and/or embolization. Results After treatment among 29 patients, 16 had CR(55.1%), 12 had PR(41.4%), 1 was unsuccessful with PVP but pain was relieved by endovascular therapy. No complication occurred.Conclusions PVP and PVP combined with endovascular therapy may have an excellent efficacy for vertebral malignant tumors, with relief of pain obviously and prolong the patient's life.

Objective To analyze the concentration of heavy metal elements, C, N and H in PM2.5 in the atmosphere in Hangzhou. Methods Midflow samplers were used to collect the samples in Hangzhou city, the element analyzer and microwave digestion ICP-MS were applied to test the samples. Results The average concentrations of N, C, H were 13.9-14.7, 30.3-30.8 and 7.9-8.9 ?g/m3 respectively in the central and northern east areas. The average mass percent values for the three elements(N、C、H) in the city were 12.8%, 27.8% and 8.1% respectively. The average ratios of total inorganic nitrogen to total organic nitrogen (IN/ON) and total organic hydrogen to total inorganic hydrogen (OH/IH) varied in the range of 2.2-3.5 and 3.5-3.6. Eleven elements showed a higher concentration in PM2.5, in which the values of Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn were all more than 200-11 500 mg/kg and the values of Cr, Ni, Se, Mo, Cd and Sb were 17-108 mg/kg, and that was only 6-8 mg/kg for Ag. The levels of average mass percent of all the metal elements were 1.7%-2.0%. Conclusion Carbon is one of important components in PM2.5 in Hangzhou. N and H exist mainly in the form of inorganic and organic compounds respectively. Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn are major heavy metal elements in PM2.5.

Objective To study the effects of unilateral graded facetectomy on lumbar spinal stability in biomechanics and to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of articular process and the safety of decompression produre for lumbar disc herniation.Methods The vertebral column L4/5 function spinal unit(FSU) of 5 adult cadavers was used and graded facetectomy was performed on left articular process of L4/5 resulting in 0,1/4,1/2,3/4,4/4 facetectomy of lateral small vertebral joints.The stability of each model was determined using three-dimension movement test machine of vertebral column.Results When more than 1/2 facetectomy of lateral small vertebral joints was carried out,the circuitation stability of left,right lateral flexion and the left,right axial direction of vertebral column and that of normal vertebral column had significant difference(P

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD), and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness. Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002, PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH. By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients' initial medical records, the related clinical data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Chi-square test. Results One hundred and eight patients (83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected. The mean follow-up time was (6.64 ± 0.67) years, the excellent rate (ODI score, 0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%. The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ± 5.72 and 75.88 ± 25.57, respectively. The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales. Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD. No complications related to PLD occurred in this study. The age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness. Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect, PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life. Many factors, such as the age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge, can affect the long-term outcomes.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of correction of posttraumatic flexion contracture of knee(FCK) using Ilizarov technique.MethodsSix male patients with posttraumatic FCK,aging from 9 to 43 years(mean,24.5 years),treated by using Ilizarov technique from January 2006 to December 2010,were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative flexion deformity of knee ranged from 35° to 85° (mean,47.6°),and the range of motion ranged from 0° to 70° (mean,15.8°).Among them,five patients had old fracture of knee joint combined with equinus foot deformity (deformity ranging from 25° to 37°,with an average of 31.8°); one patient had femoral supracondylar fracture.We used circular external fixator to correct the FCK and equinus foot deformity gradually,the knee arthrodesis operation was performed in 4 patients because of the damaged hone structure and poor soft tissue condition.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12-22 months(mean,18 months).The flexion of knee joint was recoverd from preoperative 47.67°±18.63° to postoperative 9.33°±3.50°.Plantar flexion of ankle joint in five equinus foot deformity was recovered from preoperative 31.80°±4.65° to postoperative 3.00°±4.47°.The kuee joint was arthrodesised successfully in 4 patients and the other 2 patients got 30° and 75° ROM.All the patients can walk with a cane,and satisfied with the result of treatment.Pin-site infection was found in 4 patients and was controlled within two weeks.ConclusionIlizarov technique is an effective treatment method for posttraumatic FCK.Knee arthrodesis should be performed when patients had damaged bone structure and poor soft tissue condition.

Objective To evaluate the nse of CT angiography in the diagnosis of hemoptysis and guiding the treatment of it with 64-slice spiral CT.Methods Twenty-two patients with repeated and massive hemoptysis underwent chest CT angiography.Results The blood supply of hemoptysis was nonbronchial systemic arteries in 3 patients,single or multiple bronchial arteries in 15 patients,mixed arteries of nonbronchial systemic and bronchial arteries in 3 patients and abnormal systemic arteries in 1 patient.Conclusion With 64-slice spiral CT,CT angiography provided useful information for the treatment of hemoptysis by guiding bronchial arterial embolization.

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy(PLD),and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness.Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002,PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH.By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index(ODI),Short Form-36(SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients’ initial medical records,the related clinical data were collected.Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test,Chi-square test.Results One hundred and eight patients(83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected.The mean follow-up time was(6.64 ? 0.67) years,the excellent rate(ODI score,0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%.The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ? 5.72 and 75.88 ? 25.57,respectively.The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales.Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD.No complications related to PLD occurred in this study.The age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness.Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect.PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life.Many factors,such as the age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge,can affect the long-term outcomes.

The fumarase from the culture of Aspergillus wentii F-871 was partially by means of precipitation with protamine sulphate, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and then the concentrated enzyme solution was freeze-dried. The comparative enzyme activity of the fumarase was increased by 31.70 times and reached 24.6 U/mg, and the recovery was 36.64% . The optimal pH and temperature was 8.0 and 30℃, respectively. The pH stability of fumarase ranged 6.0 - 8.5, and more than 90% of the enzyme activity remained after incubated at 35℃ for 30 min.