Objective To explore the possibility of finding pulmonary embolish by CT scan. Methods 20 cases of patients with pulmonary embolism comfirmed by CTA were selected. The CT scan was compared with the enhance film in the same level of contrast observation site. Results 12 cases found in plain site with the CTA form show abnormal density within the same lumen shadow. Indirect signs of bronchial artery dilatation except plain and outside the CTA showed no difference. Conclusion Pulmonary embolism in the carefully observed before enhanced large artery can be found within the thrombus.

Objective To analyze the concentration of heavy metal elements, C, N and H in PM2.5 in the atmosphere in Hangzhou. Methods Midflow samplers were used to collect the samples in Hangzhou city, the element analyzer and microwave digestion ICP-MS were applied to test the samples. Results The average concentrations of N, C, H were 13.9-14.7, 30.3-30.8 and 7.9-8.9 ?g/m3 respectively in the central and northern east areas. The average mass percent values for the three elements(N、C、H) in the city were 12.8%, 27.8% and 8.1% respectively. The average ratios of total inorganic nitrogen to total organic nitrogen (IN/ON) and total organic hydrogen to total inorganic hydrogen (OH/IH) varied in the range of 2.2-3.5 and 3.5-3.6. Eleven elements showed a higher concentration in PM2.5, in which the values of Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn were all more than 200-11 500 mg/kg and the values of Cr, Ni, Se, Mo, Cd and Sb were 17-108 mg/kg, and that was only 6-8 mg/kg for Ag. The levels of average mass percent of all the metal elements were 1.7%-2.0%. Conclusion Carbon is one of important components in PM2.5 in Hangzhou. N and H exist mainly in the form of inorganic and organic compounds respectively. Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn are major heavy metal elements in PM2.5.

Objective To study the vascular architecture and the indication of endovascular embolization of intramedullary AVMs and evaluate the therapeutic effect. Methods 15 patients (male 9 and female 6 , 9 to 43 years old) with acute or progressive paralysis were undergone DSA and endovascular embolization. The embolic material was PVA particles and silk suture segments. Lidocaine test was performed before embolization if it was necessary. Results There were 3 glomus AVMs and 12 juvenile AVMs among the 15 cases. The glomus AVM was usually fed by single artery, the juvenile AVM was fed by two or more arteries. Among 15 patients, 2 were cured, 3 had excellent effect, 6 had good effect, 4 showed no changed and no one became worsening. After 6 months to 5 years follow up, 7 patients with recurrency were re embolized,another 2 patients were lost of follow up. Conclusions Endovascular embolization is a mild invasive, safety and effective therapeutic method for curing AVMs by avascularizing the rudus and decreasing the drainage vein pressure and bleeding.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) and endovascular chemotherapy and embolization for the treatment of vertebrae malignant tumors. Methods Twenty nine patients (male 16, female 13) had 40 vertebrae malignant tumors, including 28 patients with 37 vertebrae metastases and 1 patient with multiple myeloma involving 3 vertebrae. The primary foci were esophageal cancer, lung cancer, colon carcinoma, hepatic cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer and 2 of unknown. All the patients showed moderate or severe thoracic and lumbar pain with 2 patients of spinal cord dysfunction. Eighteen cases with 26 vertebrae were performed PVP only, 11 cases with 16 vertebrae were undergone endovascular chemotherapy and/or embolization. Results After treatment among 29 patients, 16 had CR(55.1%), 12 had PR(41.4%), 1 was unsuccessful with PVP but pain was relieved by endovascular therapy. No complication occurred.Conclusions PVP and PVP combined with endovascular therapy may have an excellent efficacy for vertebral malignant tumors, with relief of pain obviously and prolong the patient's life.

Objective To investigate the effects of permissive hypercapnia (PHC) strategy used in ventilated newborn swine with respiratory failure on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tissue metabolism. Method Eighteen newborn swine were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups (n = 6): PHC, normocapnia (NC) and normal control groups. In PHC (PaCO2 50～60 mmHg) and NC (PaCO2 35 ～ 45 mmHg) groups, newborn swine were ventilated for treating respiratory failure induced by meconium aspiration. CBF was measured by using colored microsphere tracking technique. Cerebral oxygen metabolism rate (CMRO2), cerebral glucose metabolism rate (CMRGlu), and cerebral lactate production (CLP) were measured. Results After ventilation for 6 hours and 12hours, CBF in NC group decreased more significantly than those did in control group, and CMRGlu and CLP increased more significantly than those did in control group. In NC group, CMRO2 decreased more prominently than it did in control group 12 hours later. The CBF/CMRGlu and CBF/CLP ratios in NC group were lower than those in control(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in CBF/CMRO2 ratio between NC and control groups. After ventilation for 6 hours, CBF in PHC group was lower than those in control group. But after ventilation for 12hours, CBF in PHC group increased and there was no significant difference in CBF between PHC group and control group (P＞O.05). There were no significant differences in CMRGlu, CLP and CMRO2 between PHC group and control group. The CBF/CMRGlu and CBF/CLP ratios in PHC group were lower than those in control, but higher then those in NC group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in CBF/CMRO2 ratio between PHC and control groups. Conclusions The reduction of cerebral blood flow and the disturbance of CBF autoregulation disturbance occur in ventilated newborn swine with hypoxemia respiratory failure. PHC may attenuate the reduction in CBF and the disturbance of CBF autoregulation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a self-expandable metal stent coated with autologous endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)for prevention of restenosis in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)in a swiue model.Methods EPCs were coated on the metal stents using fibrin gel before TIPS procedure.TIPS was performed in 15 young adult pigs,using an autologous EPC-seeded stent(treatment group,n=9)or a conventional bare metal stent(control group,n=6).All pigs were sacrificed at 2 weeks after TIPS procedure.Portography was performed immediately before the euthanasia.Gross and microscopic pathological exams and immunohistochemical exams of the TIPS track specimens were performed.Fisher test and t test were used to analyse the data.Results TIPS was performed successfully in all the 15 swine.On day 14 of follow-up,direct portography and necropsy demonstrated that 5 shunts remained patent,2 shunts stenosed,and the remaining 2 shunts occluded in the treatment group(n=9);while 5 shunts were occluded and one shunt was stenotic in the control group(n=6).The patency rate was 56%vs 0(P=0.03)between the two groups.Histological analyses showed a greater pseudo-intimal hyperplasia in the TIPS track of the control group than that of the treatment group(pseudointimal thickness at hepatic vein,hepatic parenchyma and portal vein site was(1.2±0.4),(1.3±0.5),(1.5±0.4)mmvs(1.0±0.6),(0.9±0.5),(1.0±0.4)mm respectively(P＜0.05).Conclusion The EPC-coated metal stent is feasibly constructed in vitro and improves the patency in TIPS in a porcine model.

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD), and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness. Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002, PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH. By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients' initial medical records, the related clinical data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Chi-square test. Results One hundred and eight patients (83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected. The mean follow-up time was (6.64 ± 0.67) years, the excellent rate (ODI score, 0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%. The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ± 5.72 and 75.88 ± 25.57, respectively. The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales. Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD. No complications related to PLD occurred in this study. The age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness. Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect, PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life. Many factors, such as the age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge, can affect the long-term outcomes.

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy(PLD),and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness.Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002,PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH.By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index(ODI),Short Form-36(SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients’ initial medical records,the related clinical data were collected.Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test,Chi-square test.Results One hundred and eight patients(83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected.The mean follow-up time was(6.64 ? 0.67) years,the excellent rate(ODI score,0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%.The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ? 5.72 and 75.88 ? 25.57,respectively.The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales.Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD.No complications related to PLD occurred in this study.The age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness.Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect.PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life.Many factors,such as the age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge,can affect the long-term outcomes.

The fumarase from the culture of Aspergillus wentii F-871 was partially by means of precipitation with protamine sulphate, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and then the concentrated enzyme solution was freeze-dried. The comparative enzyme activity of the fumarase was increased by 31.70 times and reached 24.6 U/mg, and the recovery was 36.64% . The optimal pH and temperature was 8.0 and 30℃, respectively. The pH stability of fumarase ranged 6.0 - 8.5, and more than 90% of the enzyme activity remained after incubated at 35℃ for 30 min.

Objective To evaluate the nse of CT angiography in the diagnosis of hemoptysis and guiding the treatment of it with 64-slice spiral CT.Methods Twenty-two patients with repeated and massive hemoptysis underwent chest CT angiography.Results The blood supply of hemoptysis was nonbronchial systemic arteries in 3 patients,single or multiple bronchial arteries in 15 patients,mixed arteries of nonbronchial systemic and bronchial arteries in 3 patients and abnormal systemic arteries in 1 patient.Conclusion With 64-slice spiral CT,CT angiography provided useful information for the treatment of hemoptysis by guiding bronchial arterial embolization.