Objective To develop a cryogenic gripper for soft tissues used in tensile test for secure fixation of soft tissues without damages.Methods Based on the principle of coolant evaporator,we reconstructed copper pipes in novel architecture for fixing the soft tissues.Results This cryogenic gripper could firmly grip wet nylon thread of 3 mm in diameter and its holding force was(499.14?1.05)N and its temperature could be kept at(-20?1)℃.Conclusion The function of this gripper developed by coolant cryogenic technology is satisfactory and reliable,and its continuance is not concerned with time.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patients with malignant pleural effusion treated with injecting endostar combined with platinum complexes into pleural cavity.Methods Cochrane systematic review methods were used in the data selection,and data were selected from the PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),WanFang,and VIP database to get all clinical controlled trials.The retrieval time was August 2014.The objects of these randomized controlled trials were malignant pleural effusion patients.Endostar combination with platinum complexes was used for the experimental group.Platinum complexes alone were used for the control group.The efficacy and adverse effects of two groups were compared.The quality of included trials was evaluated by two reviewers independently.The software RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analyses.Results Nine trials with 488 patients were included according to the including criterion.All trials were randomized controlled trials,one of them had B level in quality and eight had C level.Meta analysis results were as follows:there was significant difference in overall effective rate (OR =3.52,95％ CI =2.37 ～ 5.22),Karnofsky (KPS) score changes rate (OR =2.64,95％ CI =1.67 ～ 4.19),between endostar combination with platinum complexes and platinum complexes alone group.The incidences of severe leucopenia (OR =1.0,95％ CI =0.62 ～ 1.61) and nausea and vomiting (OR =0.77,95％ CI =0.43 ～ 1.38) were similar in the endostar combination with platinum complexes group compared to those in the platinum complexes alone group.Conclusions In the treatment of malignant pleural effusion,injecting endostar in combination with platinum complexes into pleural cavity improves the effective rate without obviously raised side effects.Owing to the small sample size and poor quality of included trials,more well-designed double-blinded randomized controlled trials should be performed.

Objective To explore the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress and total peripheral vascular resistance. Methods 36 prehypertensive patients were divided into aerobic exercise group (n=18) and control group (n=18). The aerobic exercise group performed cycle ergometry at 70% maximal oxygen consumption for 30 min. Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), malondialdehyde (MDA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) were measured before, immediately, 1 hour and 2 hours after the aerobic exercise. Results There was no significant difference in TPVR, MDA, MAP, VC and VE between two groups before exercise (P>0.05). TPVR was all significantly lower in the aerobic exercise group than in the control group immediately, 1 hour and 2 hours after exercise (P<0.001), and showed a rising trend of recovery. MDA was significantly higher in the aerobic exercise group than in the control group 1 hour and 2 hours after exercise (P<0.05), however there was no significant difference in MDA between two groups immediately after exercise (P>0.05). MAP was significantly lower immediately after exercise in the aerobic exercise group than in the control group (P< 0.001), but there was no significant 1 hour and 2 hours after exercise (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VC and VE between two groups immediately, 1 hour and 2 hours after exercise (P>0.05). Conclusion The level of oxidative stress increases after a single bout of aerobic exercise, and the TPVR decreases.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of radiation dose on survival for stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic three-dimensional radiotherapy (CCTTRT).Methods From Jan.2003 to Jul.2010,201 Stage Ⅳ NSCLC patients were enrolled.Nineteen patients who received only one cycle chemotherapy were not included in survival analysis.Of the 182 patients eligible for survival analysis,all patients received platinum-based chemotherapy of two drugs.The median number of cycles was 4.The median dose to planning target volume of primary tumor ( DTPTV )was 63 Gy. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Logrank. Cox regression models were used to examine the effect of DTPTV on overall survival.ResultsThe follow-up rate of 201 patients was 97.5％.with 201,170 and 134 patients finished ＜ 1,1 -2 and ≥3 years' follow-up.The 1-,2-,3-year overall survival rate and median survival time was 20％,14％,0％ and 7.1 months;27％,10％,3％ and 9.6 months;and 59％,22％,16％ and 14.9 months,respectively for patients treated with DTPTV ＜ 45.0 Gy,45.0 - 62.1 Gy and ≥63.0 Gy,respectively ( χ2 =27.88,P =0.000 ) ;43％,19％,0％and 1 1 months and 2 0 ％,1 1％,5 ％ and 8 months,respectively for those received 2 - 3 cycles of chemotherapy and radiation dose ≥63 Gy and ＜ 63 Gy,respectively (χ2 =2.99,P =0.084) ;66％,23％,19％ and 16 months and 29％,12％,0％ and 8.8 months,respectively for those received 4 - 5 cycles chemotherapy and radiation dose ≥ 63 Gy and ＜ 63 Gy,respectively (χ2=15.87,P=0.000).No significant difference was found for patients received 2 - 3 cycles chemotherapy concurrently with DTP,Tv ≥63 Gy and 4 -5 cycles chemotherapy concurrently with DTPTV ＜63 Gy,respectively (χ2 =1.93,P =0.165).Multivariate analysis showed that 4 -5 cycles chemotherapy concurrently with DTPTv ≥63 Gy ( β =0.243,P =0.019),and improved KPS after treatment ( β =1.268,P =0.000) were independent favorable factors for survival.ConclusionChemotherapy concurrent with CCTTRT can prolong survival time of patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC,especially for those treated with DTPTV ≥63 Gy.

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate the impact of short-time response on survival of concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic three-dimensional radiotherapy (CCTTRT) for stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From Jan.2003 to Oct.2010,201 patients with pathologically or cytologically proven stage Ⅳ NSCLC were included.All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy.Of the 167 patients eligible for analysis,the median number of chemotherapy were 4 cycles.The median dose for planning target volume (PTV) of thoracic primary tumor was 63 Gy.Response was scored according to WHO criteria. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Logrank. Cox regression model were used to examine the effect of response on overall survival.ResultsThe follow-up rate of 201 patients was 97.5％.with 201,170 and 134 patients finished ＜ 1,1 -2 and ≥3 years' follow-up.For the 167 patients eligible for analysis,the CR,PR,NC and PD rate of primary tumor was 5.4％,65.9％,21.0％ and 7.7％,respectively.The effective group ( CR + PR) and ineffective group ( NC + PD) was 71.3％ and 28.7％,respectively.The median survival time (MST) for patients with CR,PR,NC and PD was 22.6,13.4,8.8 and 4.8 months,respectively ( χ2 =44.79,P =0.000).The MST for effective and ineffective group was 13.9 and 7.6 months,respectively in the whole group ( χ2 =8.3 0,P =0.004 ),12.1months and 7.3 months in those treated with 2 - 3 cycles chemotherapy ( χ2 =7.71,P =0.007 ),and 13.9months and 7.9 months in those treated with 2 -5 cycles chemotherapy and radiation dose to PTV ≥36 Gy ( χ2 =4.00,P =0.045 ).No significant MST difference was detected between patients of effective group and ineffective group treated with 4 -5 cycles chemotherapy ( χ2 =0.67,P =0.413),or those treated with 4 -5 cycles of chemotherapy and radiation dose to primary lesion ≥36 Gy (χ2 =0.00,P =0.956).Multivariate analysis showed that 4-5 cycles of chemotherapy and CR and PR achieved in primary tumor (β =0.182,P=0.041 ) were independent favorable factors for survival. Conclusion CCTTRT can improve local control,and prolong the survival time for Stage Ⅳ NSCLC.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, methods and effectiveness of using a mechani-cal stapler for choledochojejunostomy.Methods The authors have operated on 118 patients in the management of carcinoma of head of pancreas, or periampullary tumor, or cholelithiasis.In the opera-tion, the bilio-enteric end-to-side, or end-to-end and side-to-side anastomosis was made by a circular stapler device, and then a Roux-en-Y or Brown's loop was formed for the preeedure.Results All the surgery of using stapler was done successfully.No postoperative complications such as stomal leak, bleeding and narrow were found.Meanwhile, no harmful consequences were observed through long-time follow-up.Conclusion Using mechanical stapler for bilio-intestinal anastomosis is time-saving, simple and reliable.It can be a choice for some diseases.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the survival of different metastasis organs with concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic three-dimensional radiotherapy (CCTTRT) for stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Two hundred and one patients of stage Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled from January,2003 to July,2010.Of the 182 patients eligible for analysis,The number of patients with single-organ metastasis or multiple-organ metastasis was 107 and 75,respectively.Patients were treated by platinum-based chemotherapy,the median number of cycle was 4.The median dose to planning target volume of primary tumor (DTPTv) was 63 Gy.Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Logrank.Results The follow-up rate of 201 patients was 97.5％.with 201,170 and 134 patients finished ＜ 1,1 -2 and ≥3 years'follow up.Of 182 patients,the 1-,2-,and 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and median survival time (MST) was 41.0％,17.0％,10.0％ and 10.5 months,respectively ;with single-organ metastasis and multi-organ metastasis were 50％,20％,14％ and 13 months and 29％,12％,0％ and 8.5 months ( x2 =10.10,P =0.001 ),respectively; compared with multi-organ metastasis,the 1-,2-,and 3-year OS arte and MST of patients with bone,lung metastasis only was 58％,25％,16％ and 14 months (x2 =10.42,P=0.001 ) and 49％,21％,21％ and 11 months (x2 =6.39,P=0.011 ) respectively;patients with brain metastasis only did not show advantage of survival comparing with patients with multi-organ metastasis (49％,8％,0％ and 12 months and 29％,12％,0％ and 8 months,respectively;x2 =0.71,P =0.401 ) ;the 1-,2-,and 3-year OS rate and MST was 63％,23％,19％ and 15 months and 42％,15％,0％ and 10 months,respectively for patients with single-organ metastasis and multi-organ metastasis patients who accepted 4 - 5 cycles of chemotherapy ( x2 =6.47,P =0.011 ) ; for patients under the same metastasis and 4 - 5 cycles of chemotherapy,no matter whether single-organ or multiple-organ metastases,the 1 -,2-,3-year OS rate and MST of patients with enough radiotherapy on DTPTV ≥63 Gy were better than patients without enough radiotherapy ( DTPTV ＜ 63 Gy ) ( 71％,25 ％,25％ and 16.8 months and 33％,17％,0％ and 10.5 months,respectively;x2 ＝4.73,P =0.030 ;54％,21％,0％ and 14.3 months and 29％,10％,0％ and 7.6 months,respectively,x2 =8.16,P =0.004).The MST of liver metastases was 6 months,there was significantly difference when comparing with non liver matastasis ( x2 =17.21,P =0.000).Conclusions It is very important to treat stage Ⅳ NSCLC with CCTTRT,especially patients with single-organ metastasis.Liver metastases is a unfavorable prognostic factor.

Objective To evaluate the overall survival and safety among patients for stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic three-dimensional radiotherapy (CCTTRT).Methods From Jan.2003 to July 2010,201 patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC were included.All patients were treated with CCTTRT.Those patients who received only one cycle chemotherapy were not included in survival analysis,but analysis of toxicity.One hundred and eighty-two patients were eligible for survival analysis.All patients received platinum-based two-drug chemotherapy.The median number of cycles was 4.The median dose to planning target volume of primary tumor ( DTPTV ) was 63 Gy.Treatment-related gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity were scored according to WHO criteria.Radiation-related pneumonitis and esophagitis were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTC) version 3.0.Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Logrank.Cox regression model was used to examine the effect of CCTTRT on overall survival.Results The follow-up rate of 201 patients was 97.5％.with 201,170 and 134 patients finished ＜ 1,1 -2 and ≥3 years' follow-up,respectively.Of the 182 patients eligible for survival analysis,further stratified analysis showed that the 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rate and median survival time (MST) was 54％,20％,13％ and 14.3 months,respectively for patients treated with concurrent 4 -5 cycles chemotherapy and CCTTRT,and 66％,23％,19％ and 16.1 months,respectively for those treated with 4 -5 cycles chemotherapy and DTPTV ≥ 63 Gy.Under similar chemoradiotherapy intensity,the MST of patients with single organ metastasis was significantly longer than that with multiple organ metastases ( 13.0 months versus 8.5 months,x2 =10.10,P =0.001 ).For patients eligible for survival analysis and received 4 - 5 cycles of systemic chemotherapy,MST of patients treated with DTPTV≥63 Gy was significantly longer than those treated with DTPTV ＜63 Gy[14.9 months vs.8.4 months (x2 ＝20.48,P =0.000) and 16.1 months vs.8.8 months ( x2 =11.75,P =0.001 )].For patients with single organ metastasis,MST was 16 months for those treated with DTPTV ≥63 Gy and 9 months for those with DTPTV ＜63 Gy (x2 =10.51,P=0.000) ;for patients with multiple organ metastasis,it was 11 months and 7 months,respectively ( x2 =7.90,P =0.005 ).Multivariate analysis showed that concurrent 4 - 5 cycles chemotherapy and DTPTV ≥63 Gy (β =0.243,P=0.019) and improved KPS (β =1.268,P=0.000) were independent factors for survival.For the whole group,45％ patients had Grade 2 -3 gastrointestinal toxicity,35.0％ grade 3- 4 leukopenia,18％ grade 3- 4 thrombocytopenia.15.0％ grade 3- 4 anemia,9.5％ Grade 2 - 3 radiation pneumonia and 13.4％ radiation esophagitis,respectively.Conclusions For stage Ⅳ NSCLC,CCTTRT can prolong survival time with acceptable toxicity.Radiotherapy to thoracic primary tumor should be under consideration.

[Abstract] Objective To define the age-specific normal reference values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and related parameters in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men.Methods From April 2007 to November 2011,serum PSAs of over 22 055 men aged more than 40 years old in our medical examination center were statistically analyzed.The men was divided into five groups by a 10-year-old interval.Total PSA (tPSA),free PSA (fPSA) and prostate ultrasound results were recorded.The free-total PSA ratio (f/t),PSA density (PSAD) and PSA velocity (PSAV) were calculated.By convention,the 95th percentile (P95)was used as the upper limit value,and the 5th percentile (P5) as the lower limit value.Results The tPSAs were positively correlated with age (r=0.349,P＜0.001).f/t was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.154,P＜0.01).Although f/t was significantly different (P＜0.001) among each age group,P5 of all groups were 0.18.PSAD was significantly different (P＜0.001) between men over and under 70 years,with P95 as 0.09 and 0.15,respectively.PSAD had a positive correlation with age (r =0.263,P＜0.01).The significant difference of PSAV raised between men over and under 60 years,with P95 as 0.21 and 0.58,respectively.PSAV was positively correlated with age (r=0.130,P＜0.01).Conclusions PSA,PSAD and PSAV are positively correlated with age,while f/t is negatively correlated with age.The normal range of f/tis 0.18-1.00 for Chinese men over 40 years old.PSAD's normal ranges are ＜0.09 and ＜0.15 in Chinese men over and under 70 years,respectively.The normal range of PSAV are ＜0.21 and ＜0.58 for Chinese men over and under 60 years,respectively.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on ghrelin,estradiol (E2) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats.Methods According to the random number table method,60 female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 months,were randomly divided into surgery group (40 rats) and sham group (20 rats).The osteoporosis model was established by bilateral ovariectomy.Three months after the operation,a significant decrease in BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur of the model rats as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry against the sham group indicated successful establishment of the osteoporosis model.Then surgery group was randomly divided into a model subgroup,a acupuncture subgroup and an estrogen subgroup,with 10 rats in each subgroup.The acupuncture subgroup was treated with electroacupuncture,estrogen subgroup with subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate,sham group and model subgroup without any treatment.After 3 months of intervention all the rats were sacrificed,BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur was measured,ghrelin and E2 were determined.Results Serum ghrelin in acupuncture subgroup (399 pg/ml) and estrogen subgroup (276 pg/ml) were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01) than that in model subgroup (546 pg/ml); serum E2 in acupuncture subgroup (128.02 pg/ml) and estrogen subgroup (182.89 pg/ml) increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) than that in model subgroup (72.10 pg/ml) ;lumbar vertebrae BMD in acupuncture subgroup (0.212 g/cm2) and estrogen subgroup (0.231 g/cm2) increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) than that in model subgroup (0.191 g/cm2),but in acupuncture subgroup the effect on improving the level of E2,ghrelin and lumbar vertebrae BMD was less than that in estrogen subgroup (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture intervention can improve lumbar vertebrae BMD and serum E2 level of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model,down regulate serum ghrelin level,but the overall effect of acupuncture is less than estrogen.