AIM: To investigate the signal transduction mechanism of rapid effect of corticosterone. METHODS: With liquid scintillation technique, the effect of corticosterone on glycine uptake in C6 cells was examined. RESULTS: The bovine serum album in coupled with corticosterone had the same effect as corticosterone 21-sulfate(B); Neomycin partially blocked the effect of B in C6 cells; GDP-?-S attenuated the effects of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells; Chelerythrine chloride (Chelery) partially blocked the effect of B in C6 cells; H 89 had no influence on the effect of B in C6 cells. The Km and Vmax of effect of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells were different from those in SK-N-SH cells. CONCLUSION: PKC, instead of PKA, was involved in the signal transduction of the rapid effect of B on glycine uptake in C6 cells. The converse effects of B on C6 cells and SK-N-SH cells resulted from different transportation system in two kinds of cells.

Clinical pharmaceutical services include: rounds by clinical pharmacists, monitoring of dynamics and adverse effects of drugs, pharmaceutical information services and analyses on use of drugs. Considering the difficulties that clinical pharmacists have encountered in clinical pharmaceutical services like ward rounds and different clinical knowledge structures, corresponding measures have been taken to assess the work load of clinical pharmacists so as to bring into full play the role of clinical pharmacists in clinical pharmaceutical treatment and information services.

Objective To determine the dynamic change of serum procalcitonin (PCT) level after traumatic brain injury and the rclated clinical significance.Methods Serum levels of PCT and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) in 137 patients with traumatic brain injury and 20 normal volunteers were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay.Correlation between serum PCT level and severity of traumatic brain injury was evaluated.Results Percentage of serum PCT level at low inflammatory-risk threshold detected from day 1 to day 14 after admission was descended from 80.3％ to 63.5％.Meanwhile,the percentage of serum PCT level at high inflammatory-risk threshold was a rising-fall-rising trend,but the percentages of serum PCT level at median and definite inflammatory-risk thresholds showed sustained increase from 13.9％ to 27.0％ and 0.7％ to 3.7％ separately.Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),the dynamic change of serum PCT level demonstrated a distinct bimodal pattern in severe injury group,a gradual falling after rising mode in middle injury group which was significantly and positively correlated with GCS (r =0.463,P ＜ 0.05),and a rising-falling-slight rising tendency in minorinjury group.In addition,the GCS in each group only closely related to the positive detections of serum PCT level detected at days 3 and 7 (x2 =10.32,16.31 respectively P ＜ 0.01).Serum ATCH level at day 1 was far higher than that at day 14 in severe injury group and was significantly higher in severe injurygroup compared with minor and middle injury groups (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).Conclusions Positive serum PCT may be predictive of the traumatic brain injury and injury degree within 3-7 days after the injury.The dynamic change of serum PCT is associated with the specialized mechanism of traumatic brain injury and neuronendocrine response,and it may be a useful parameter to assess posttraumatic stress response and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To systematic review the relationship between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and warfarin maintenance dose in Chinese population,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Cochrane library,PubMed,EMBase,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,studies about the relationship between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and warfarin maintenance dose in Chinese population were collected,and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statis-tics software. RESULTS:A total of 13 studies were included,involving 2 958 patients. The type of gene was type TT,type CT and type CC. Results of Meta-analysis showed the relationship between 3 gene polymorphism and warfarin maintenance dose was type TT>type CT>type CC,and there were significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS:CYP4F2 gene polymorphism in Chinese population has significant correlation with warfarin maintenance dose. However,due to the limit of methodological quali-ty,large-scale and high quality studies are required for further validation of the conclusions.

Experiment examination plays an important role in evaluation of clinical microbiology experiment teaching.Standardized experiment examination system of clinical microbiology is a fair,objective and scientific assessment of students' learning effect and an important mean to evaluate teaching quality.The standardized experimental evaluation system includes organization,standardized examination contents,standardized procedures and operations,standardized invigilation and record,standardized scoring criteria,correction and prevention measures.

Objective To explore the relationship between mRNA and protein expressions of PTTG, bFGF, P53 with tumorigenesis and invasiveness of pituitary adenoma. Methods The protein expressions of PTTG, bFGF, P53 were detected by immunohistochemical analysis, and their mRNA expressions were by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 63 specimens of pituitary adenoma that was classified into invasive and non-invasive according to Wilson’s modified staging. Results Thirty-four specimens of pituitary adenoma were invasive and 29 non-invasive. The expressions of PTTG, bFGF, P53 were significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenoma than in non-invasive. The analysis of correlation showed that in invasive pituitary adenoma, the positive correlation exists between PTTG and bFGF mRNA (r=0.81, P

Objective To enhance the level and ability of measuring pesticide residues in raw milk and find out the primary factors of affecting measurement uncertainty.Methods The mathematic model of measurement was established in order to evaluate measurement uncertainty of organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw milk with gas chromatography.Results The standard measurement uncertainty of organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw milk made up of weighing,sampling and diluting procedures,standard matter,sample volume,instrument calibration.The calculating formula of expanded measurement uncertainty was U=k?CX?urel(tptal).The expression of measurement result was C=CX?U.Volume of 6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides residues were 0.4?0.050,0.4?0.029,0.4?0.027,0.4?0.029,0.4?0.057,0.4?0.034(mg/kg) respectively in raw milk which the standard matter of pesticide was added in.Conclusion From the evaluation of measurement uncertainty of pesticide residues in raw milk with gas chromatography,we can see that the measurement uncertainty is composed of many factors,which commonly comes from random variable and fuzzification,and can be assessed by statistic distribution and standard deviation.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of ankle supination fracture in children.Methods From January 2012 through July 2014,89 children were treated at our department for ankle fracture caused by supination sprain according to their medical history,physical examination,X-ray films and CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the ankle.Appropriate protocols were applied on the basis of Lauge-Hansen classification,type and displacement of their fractures.Of them,52 belonged to the supination-adduction type (the extramalleolus fracture was of Odgen type Ⅶ in 51 children whose epiphyseal plate of distal fibula had not been closed),35 to the supination-extorsion type (32 cases had tri-plane fracture and 3 Tillaux fracture),and the remaining 2 did not fit the Lauge-Hansen classification.Surgical treatment was applied in 32 cases and conservative treatment in 57 ones.Results All the children received outpatient follow-up from 12 to 24 months(mean,18 months).No bone nonunion,osteoarthritis,or fracture malunion was found.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scores averaged 92 points (range,from 88 to 100 points) at the last follow-ups.Conclusions In children whose epiphyseal plate is nearly closed,supination-adduction sprain likely causes an extramalleolus fracture of Salter-Harris type Ⅰ or type Ⅱ,but in children whose epiphyseal plate is unclosed,an epiphyseal fracture of Odgen type Ⅶ is inclined to happen.A Tillaux fracture or tri-plane fracture at the level of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis results often from supination-extorsion sprain in children.For fractures involving epiphysis or epiphyseal plate,anatomical reduction and proper fixation are critical to functional recovery and reducing complications.

Objective To study the clinical features of acute limited neck motion in children and its differential diagnosis, and to improve doctors' awareness and the early diagnosis of the disease.Methods A total of 420 patients with acute limited neck motion as the chief complaint and atlantoaxial rotary subluxation as the first diagnosis between January 2005 and January 2014 in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were enrolled.The clinical manifestations, imaging and consultation data of the 420 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were totally 248 male patients and 172 female patients.The ages ranged from 2 to 14 years old(the mean age was 7.2 years old) ,the course ranged from 2 hours to 2 days.Among 420 patients,353 patients were diagnosed as atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation.Forty-two patients were diagnosed as cervical intervertebral disc calcification.Seven patients were diagnosed as Tourette syndrome.Four patients were diagnosed as intracranial tumors.Three patients were diagnosed as cervical eosinophilic granuloma.Two patients were diagnosed as cervical spinal tuberculosis.Two patients were diagnosed as viral encephalitis.Two patients were diagnosed as benign paroxysmal torticollis.Two patients were diagnosed as Kawasaki disease.One patient was diagnosed as neuroblastoma.One patient was diagnosed as hemophilia A.One patient was diagnosed as drug adverse reaction of metoclopramide.According to Fielding clinical classification,204 patients were type Ⅰ, 122 patients were type Ⅱ,21 patients were type Ⅲ, and 6 patients were type Ⅳ.Conclusions Based on disease distribution of acute limited neck motion in children, atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation seems to be the predominant while non-atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is not uncommon.Differential diagnoses should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis.For atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, conservative treatment including continuous mandible occipital belt traction and brace has been proved to be very effective methods.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the correlation between multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) polymorphisms and plasma concentration of risperidone,9-hydroxyrisperidone and total active substance in Han patients with schizophrenia. METHODS:78 Han inpatients with schizophrenia in Mental Health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from Dec. 2011 to Jan. 2013 were selected,LC-MS/MS was conducted to determine the plasma concentration of risperidone,9-hydroxyrisperi-done and total active substance,PCR-LDR was adopted to determine the genotyping of C1236T,G2677T and C3435T of patients, and one-way ANOVA was used to detect the correlation between C1236T,G2677T and C3435T polymorphisms and plasma concen-tration/dose calibration ratio (C/D) value of risperidone,9-hydroxyrisperidone and total active substance. RESULTS:The average plasma concentrations of risperidone,9-hydroxyrisperidone and total active substance for 78 patients were(13.58±8.31),(25.62± 15.52)and(39.24±25.76)ng/ml,respectively;the distribution frequencies of C1236T,G2677T and C3435T met the Hardy-Wein-berg equilibrium(P>0.05);the risperidone C/D value of patients with C12367T CT and TT genotype were higher than those with CC genotype,risperidone and total active substance C/D values of patients with G2677T TT genotype were higher than those with GG genotype,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);while there were no significant differences in analyte C/D values in other patients(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The MDR1 C1236T and G2677T polymorphisms are associated with plasma concentration of risperidone and total active substance in Han patients with schizophrenia.