The multi drug resistance(MDR) of tumor cells has become a difficult problem in the chemotherapy of tumor, meanwhile, the mechanism of MDR are various:relevant drugs with reversal effects have been discovered. This review will provide the most impossible mechanisms of MDR and some prospecting reversal drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic features of Fagopyrum tataricum total flavonoids. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were intragastrically given single dose of 80 mg F.tataricum total flavonoids (with content of quercetin at 1.2% and the content of eldrin at 24.7%). HPLC-UV spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total quercetin in the hydrolyzed plasma samples. RESULTS:Taking the total quercetin as the index of the pharmacokinetic features of the F. tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUC0→t:(9.92?1.49)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(10.81?1.86)?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(1.07?0.19)?g?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of the F.tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs conforms to two-compartment model,and the concentration-time curves are characterized by multiple peak pharmacokinetics.

Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved the euglycemic clamp-determined insulin sensitivity (IS), raised adiponectin level, decreased TNF-α and FFA levels in rats with obese and hyperglycemia.

Objective To review the diagnosis and causes of iatrogenic injury to the distal choledochus at operation. Method The case notes of the patients with bile duct injuries that were treated in my Department from 1990.2-2005.2 were reviewed. Results To detect distal bile duct injuries, a sound in the bile duct had an accuracy rate of 95 % while injection of water into the bile duct to detect leakage had an accuracy rate of 100%. Using a long arm T tube in the common bile duct was an effective method to treat the injury. In 18 patients with an average follow-up time of 20. 8 months, the results were satisfactory. Conclusions Injecting water into the bile duct to diagnose distal common bile duct injury at operation was an effective way to detect distal bile duct injury. Adequate exposure of the opeative field is the best method to prevent bile duct injury.

Objective To evaluate and compare the results of air-conduct and bone-conduct auditory brainstem response(ABR)for the purpose of clinical application of the bone-conduct ABR.Methods A group of normal hearing young adults(61 ears)were measured with click stimulation air-conduct ABR and bone-conduct ABR in a soundproof chamber.Results The waveforms of bone-conduct ABR were almost the same as those of air-conduct ones with the threshold of 26.08?7.71 dB(nHL),but with a lower rate of wave derivation.There were no significant differences between male and female for both air-conduct and bone-conduct ABR testing.The threshold for bone-conduct ABR was higher than that of air-conduct one with a very high positive correlation(r=0.7740)and there were significant differences (P0.05) for the wave intervals.Conclusion The limitation of the bone-conduct ABR application and the differences from air-conduct should be considered when it was used clinically.

Aged ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Mediastinal Cyst ; complications

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; genetics ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phytotherapy ; Presenilin-1 ; genetics

Biological Clocks ; Genetic Therapy ; Heart Diseases ; therapy ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation

Long non-coding RNA ( lncRNA ) is a group of RNAs that exceed 200 nt in length without protein coding capacity .The tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma relate to the aberrant expres-sion of lncRNAs closely.In this review,we summarize researches in the current status of lncRNAs in human color-ectal carcinoma to provide potential evidences for future diagnosis and gene therapies .

Objective To study the clinical effect and necessity of removing internal fixation after treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ ) with AO clavicular hook plate. Methods From October 2001 to October 2004, 31 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ ) were treated with AO clavicular hook plate and were followed up. All of their broken acromioclavicular joints were sutured and the clavicular insertions of deltoid and trapezius muscles were repaired. The coracoclavicular ligaments were sutured for only 9 patients. Their shoulder functions before and after taking out of the internal fixation were assessed by Constant and Murley evaluation and compared. Results 24 patients were followed up from 4 to 40 months after operations (averaging 22 months). There were no loosening or breakage of internal fixations. The plates were removed 12 to 27 months postoperatively (averaging 18 months) in only 9 patients. No redislocation occurred after taking out of the plates. The scores of shoulder joint function were 76.5? 8.6 and 99.5? 1.0 (P