Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of workplace bullying and resilience on depression of hospital nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 134 nurses from three general hospitals in two provinces. Data were collected July 20-August 29, 2019. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with the Sheff’s test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that workplace bullying (β=.43, p<.001), resilience (β=-.33, p<.001) of participants were significant factors with explanation power approximately 38% of the variance on depression. Conclusion The findings suggest that it is necessary to develop the strategies to prevent workplace bullying for fostering the safe psychosocial work environments and to improve the individual resilience of hospital nurses to reduce their depression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate of the range and relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in premature infants. METHODS: To investigate the correlation of IOP and CCT with gestational age and body weight, 58 premature infants 37 weeks-old or younger were examined. Under topical anesthesia, IOP was measured with Tono-Pen(R) XL (Medtronic Solan, Jacksonville, FL) and the CCT with pachymeter (SP-2000, TOMEY(R), Japan). The fundus was examined in infants with a risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RESULTS: Average gestational age of the subjects was 33 weeks and 6 days and body weight was 1506+/-520 grams (mean+/-standard deviation). Forty-five subjects had oxygen therapy, and 10 patients were found to have any one of the stages of ROP. Average IOP was 15.14+/-4.64 mmHg in the right eye and 15.29+/-3.70 mmHg in the left eye. CCT was 594.72+/-74.87 micrometer in the right eye and 599.78+/-74.17 micrometer in the left eye. No statistically significant correlation was found between IOP or CCT and gestational age or body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age and body weight did not appear to affect IOP or CCT in the gestational age between 26 and 37 weeks. The maturing eye in the neonate is known for fast development in the first year after birth. There are, however, few reports in the literature regarding the changes in dimensions of ocular structures in the premature neonate. These normative values may aid ophthalmologists in assessing IOP and CCT in premature infants.
Anesthesia ; Body Weight ; Diterpenes ; Eye ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intraocular Pressure ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Toluidines

PURPOSE: To evaluate of the range and relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in premature infants. METHODS: To investigate the correlation of IOP and CCT with gestational age and body weight, 58 premature infants 37 weeks-old or younger were examined. Under topical anesthesia, IOP was measured with Tono-Pen(R) XL (Medtronic Solan, Jacksonville, FL) and the CCT with pachymeter (SP-2000, TOMEY(R), Japan). The fundus was examined in infants with a risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RESULTS: Average gestational age of the subjects was 33 weeks and 6 days and body weight was 1506+/-520 grams (mean+/-standard deviation). Forty-five subjects had oxygen therapy, and 10 patients were found to have any one of the stages of ROP. Average IOP was 15.14+/-4.64 mmHg in the right eye and 15.29+/-3.70 mmHg in the left eye. CCT was 594.72+/-74.87 micrometer in the right eye and 599.78+/-74.17 micrometer in the left eye. No statistically significant correlation was found between IOP or CCT and gestational age or body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age and body weight did not appear to affect IOP or CCT in the gestational age between 26 and 37 weeks. The maturing eye in the neonate is known for fast development in the first year after birth. There are, however, few reports in the literature regarding the changes in dimensions of ocular structures in the premature neonate. These normative values may aid ophthalmologists in assessing IOP and CCT in premature infants.
Anesthesia ; Body Weight ; Diterpenes ; Eye ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intraocular Pressure ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Toluidines

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in muscle length when retracting the extraocular rectus muscle with muscle hooks during strabismus surgery. METHODS: Forty-four rectus muscles of 42 patients consecutively resected in two hospitals (A, B) were included in this study. After isolation of the rectus muscle, the length of the muscle was recorded and the portion to be resected was marked using gentian violet stain on the tip of calipers. After the rectus muscle was retracted with two muscle hooks in either direction, its length was measured again with the calipers. RESULTS: The length of the rectus muscle was not changed by retraction in 25 of 44 muscles (56.8%). The length of the muscle was changed by 0.5 mm in 13 muscles (29.5%) and by 1mm in six muscles (13.6%). Changes of rectus muscle length over 0.5 mm were observed in 15 of 27 muscles of patients treated at hospital A (55.5%) and four of 17 muscles of patients treated at hospital B (23.5%). The results for the two hospitals were significantly different (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Small errors in measurement can occur when muscle resections are performed during strabismus surgery. Institutional or clinician related factors may explain variations in error rates between hospitals.
Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Muscles ; Strabismus ; Traction

There are many reports about causes of corrosive agents such as acids and alkaline and occasionally hot food in either liquid or solid forms as causes of upper gastrointestinal mucosal injury. However, there have been no reports on bowel preparation solutions as a cause of upper gastrointestinal injury. We describe a case of bowel preparation solution (PICOLIGHT powder) induced thermal injury of the gastric mucosa with a review of the literature.
Cathartics ; Gastric Mucosa*

To evaluate the role of serum lipids in the patients with cerebral thrombosis, lipid parameters were compared with a sex- and age - matched healthy control. The cerebral thrombosis group included 61 males (mean age, 61.0) and 32 females (mean age, 66.3). Total cholesterol and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio in the male and female patients were significantly higher than in the control(p<0.001). But triglyceride showed difference only in the male patient group (p<0.05). All parameters did not show any difference between the lacunar and cortical infarctions. The finding in this study support the idea that high serum total cholesterol, low serum HDL-cholesterol and high total / HDL-cholesterol ratio are risk factors for cerebral thrombosis.
Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Thrombosis* ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Internal*

Tsutsugamushi disease is an acute febrile illness caused by infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi transmitted by the bite of larval trombiculid mites and characterized by fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, rash and eschar. O. tsutsugamushi has been known to cause diffuse vasculitis of small blood vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with endothelial cellular injury by O. tsutsugamushi has been occasionally reported. However, in our knowledge, splenic infarction-associated scrub typhus has not been previously reported. We experienced two cases of tsutsugamushi disease with splenic infarction, which were improved after doxycycline treatment finished.
Blood Vessels ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Doxycycline ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Myalgia ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Scrub Typhus* ; Splenic Infarction* ; Trombiculidae ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: Microscopic examinations are usually performed to confirm urine sediments in samples flagged in automated urinalysis. The aim of this study was to analyze the review rates and the difference in urinalysis results according to review rules. METHODS: A total of 1,408 urine samples submitted for health screening were collected. The urine chemistry test and urine sediment test were performed using EikenUS 3100 (Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan) and Sysmex UF-1000i (Sysmex Co., Japan), respectively. We assessed the rate of agreement between the 2 analyses and the kappa values for white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs). Microscopic examinations were performed for all cases of discordant results between the urine strip and automated sediment analysis, some cases of concordant results, and cases of albuminuria. RESULTS: The review rate was 14.3%. Microscopic examinations were additionally performed on 77 samples (77/1,207, 6.4%) including 29 and 56 samples flagged for WBCs and RBCs, respectively. Based on the results of microscopic examination, the false-positive and the false-negative results of the urine chemistry test and automatic sediment analysis were corrected. Among concordant results between two methods, a clinically significant number of false-negatives were identified (6 results of WBC detection [6/125, 4.8%] and 4 of RBC detection [4/145, 2.8%]). Among the 22 unflagged cases of albuminuria, pathologic casts were detected in 21 cases (21/22, 95.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic examination based on the combined results of the two analyses improved the quality of the test.
Albuminuria ; Chemistry ; Erythrocytes ; Flow Cytometry ; Leukocytes ; Mass Screening ; Microscopy ; Quality Improvement* ; Reagent Strips ; Urinalysis*

The scabies mite is an ectoparasite, which is able to infest humans. The incidence of scabies decreased during the past 20 years in Korea. However, the incidence is likely to increase again, and may be delayed or missed diagnosis recently. Its clinical presentation is typical, although in a host with compromised immune system, like the mentally retarded and elderly patients, the clinical presentation may be altered. Because a delay in diagnosis may induce rapid spread of the scabies mite, immediate diagnosis and treatment are necessary. We report two cases of scabies in elderly patients from different nursing homes. These patients were transferred to our center for treatment of pneumonia and chronic renal disease. They revealed pruritus and skin rashes after the treatment of further underlying diseases. We consulted to a dermatologist because of worsening symptoms, despite an application of medication with antihistamine and topical steroid, scabies was diagnosed. The symptom improved with topical 1% gamma-benzene hexachloride, an effective scabies drug. We suggest that geriatrists should suspect scabies who presents with pruritus that is persistent or resistant to conventional treatment, especially patients transferred from nursing homes.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lindane ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Mites ; Nursing Homes ; Pneumonia ; Pruritus ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Scabies