Proteomics is an emerging discipline which studies the composition of proteins and their transformation rules at the cellular level and the overall level.Recently,proteomics has been used in a variety of studies of tumors.And it has made some progresses in explaining the mechanisms of tumors' genesis and development,discovering new specific markers for tumors and new targets for drug treatment,and forecasting tumors' biological behaviors.

Immunocompromised hosts(ICH)is a particular population drawing more current attention with the susceptibility to infections,especially to the opportunistic pathogens.When infections occur in ICH,the mortality increases significantly.The clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics are untypical and non-specific,so the correct diagnosis in good time is arduous.But the rapid and correct diagnosis is primary and principle to lower the mortality of the infections of ICH,so this article aims to generalize the diagnosis phronesis of pulmonary infections of ICH-to elaborate the key points of the assessment and evaluation of ICH;the principle of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ICH;clinical evaluation program of the pulmonary infiltration in ICH. Abstract:Summ ary:Immunocomprom ised hosts(ICH) is a particu lar popu lation draw ing more current attention w ith the susceptib il-ity to infections,espec ially to the opportun istic pathogens.W hen infections occur in ICH,the mortality increases sign ifi-cantly.The c lin icalm an ifestations and rad iological characteristics are untyp ical and non-spec ific,so the correct d iagnosis in good tim e is arduous.But the rap id and correct d iagnosis is prim ary and princ ip le to lower the mortality of the infections of ICH,so th is artic le aim s to generalize the d iagnosis phronesis of pu lmonary infections of ICH-to elaborate the key points of the assessm ent and evaluation of ICH;the princ ip le of d ifferential d iagnosis of pu lmonary infections in ICH;c lin ical e-valuation program of the pu lmonary infiltration in ICH.

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of intensified cyclic training on bone moulding reconstruction, and to found the scientific basis of intensific cyclic training as a new training methods. Methods 48 male rats were equally divided into two groups: intensive repetitive training group and control group. The upper segment of tibia was harvested from the animals at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th week after the onset of the experiment for the measurement of cortical thickness (CT), mean wall thickness (MWT) and the percentage of osseous surface of trabeculae and surface area of trabecular Absorption (Sr). The data of intensive repetitive trained group were compared with those of the control group. 1 303 recruits were divided into control group and experimental group. In the experimental group, they were trained by intensive repetitive training program instead of the traditional training program. The incidence of stress fracture was compared between two groups. Results CT (1.37?0.09, 1.86?0.14, 1.94?0.23), MWT (56.37?2.52, 57.28?3.01, 58.23?2.93) and Sos (12.29?1.17, 14.61?1.84, 15.51?1.13) were higher in the training group than control groups at the fourth week, the fifth week and the sixth week, respectively (P

Objective To survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test in Liaoning province and investigate the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）patients to the test.Methods One hundred and twenty nine comprehensive hospitals of Grade Three and Grade Two have been included to survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test by telephone.A cross-sectional study was carried out among 206 COPD outpatients to investigate their cognition to the pulmonary function test.Results The total prevalence of the hospitals with the equipment and ability to do pulmonary function tests was only 51.2%.The prevalence of the hospitals of Grade Three（79.4%）was higher than that of the hospitals of Grade Two（24.2%）.In 206 COPD patients,100 cases（48.5%）had been provided with pulmonary function test,53 cases（25.73%）had been diagnosed as COPD in the past.The patients diagnosed as COPD accounted for 33.8% of all chronic bronchitis patients surveyed.The span during the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and the definitive diagnosis of COPD was 11.79±10.96 years.Conclusion The prevalence of pulmonary function test in Liaoning province is relatively low,especially in the comprehensive hospitals of Grade Two.Few chronic bronchitis patients received pulmonary function test.Thus the time span from the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis to definitive diagnosis of COPD is long as well.

The pathologic changes of cerebral tissues in hypothyroidism and the molecular mechanism of brain development influenced by lower thyroid hormone levels are reviewed.

Animals ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Administration Routes ; Ear, Middle ; Guinea Pigs ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage

ObjectiveTo study the role of the myenteric plexus (ENS) nitrergic neurons in type 2 diabetic rats with gastroparesis.MethodsThiry male 8-week-SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CON),type 2 diabetic group (DM),insulin-treated group ( INS ) and insulin-lipoie acid group( LA ),each 15.The rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks after diabetic model established,the stomach relative residual rate of pigmented was measured and the protein content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was evaluate,the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),were measured,the the morphological changes of gastric antrum nitrergic neurons was observed.ResultsCompared with CON group,gastric motility,gastric antrum nitrergic neuron count,T-SOD and CuZn-SOD,and were significantly decreased in DM group ( P ＜0.05).Compared with the CON group,DM group gastric antrum nitrergic neurons nNOS expression decreased,while MDA levels significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with DM group,INS group and LA group has significantly rapider gastric motility than that of DM group ( P＜ 0.05 ),the neuron counting markly increased in nitrergic neuron of gastic sinus ( P ＜ 0.05 ),increased expressions of nNOS in gastric sinus,while still lower than control group( P ＜0.05).compared with the INS group,antrum nitrergic neuron counts of LA group significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The gastrointestinal dyskinesis of type 2 diabetic rats might be associated with lesions of gastric myenteric plexus nitrergic neuron.Insulin intensive therapy and treated with alpha-lipoic acid as an antioxidant can inhibit the abnormally high levels of oxidative stress,protect gastrointestinal nitrergic neurons,delay the progress of diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorders.Insulin combined with a-lipoic acid treatment is superior to single-use insulin.

BACKGROUND:The thermosensitive chitosan is a kind of chitosan, its hemostatic effect, tissue compatibility andin vivo absorption need further investigations.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the hemostasis,in vivo degradation and tissue compatibility of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film.
METHODS: A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and carried out two
experiments at the same time. (1) The incisions of the liver in three groups were covered with the thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film, celulose hemostatic cotton and gelatin sponge, respectively. Blank control group
received no treatment. The bleeding time and bleeding amount were recorded. (2) The incisions of the quadriceps femoris muscle of rats in the above three groups were embedded with the same hemostatic materials respectively. Blank control group was not embedded. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks, the incision tissues of the liver and the quadriceps femoris muscle were harvested for observation. After 4 weeks, the incisions were observed with hematoxylin-
eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bleeding time and bleeding amount of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film and celulose hemostatic cotton groups were significantly lower than those of gelatin sponge and blank
control groups (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks, the thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film was absorbed completely. After 3 weeks, the celulose hemostatic cotton was absorbed completely. After 2 weeks, the gelatin sponge was absorbed completely. The liver lobules of thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film were complete, the liver cellwere normal structure, showing light sweling and little inflammatory cellinfiltration. Under transmission electron
microscopy, the liver cels had integral structure, cellnucleus and organeles remained intact. The muscle fibers showed complete structure and little inflammatory cellinfiltration. Under transmission electron microscopy, the muscle fibers
ranked tidily, with integral cellnucleus and organeles. The thermosensitive chitosan hemostatic film has good hemostasis effect and tissue compatibility.

Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics and look for assay or examination indexes or indicators with higher sensitivity and specificity of heart damage induced by exhaustive exercise in order to establish its preliminary clinical classification and diagnostic criteria. Methods In a military region for training staff,the clinical data of 88 soldiers who were admitted to the departments of cardiology in 6 general or central hospitals because of exhaustive exercise from January 2000 to December 2010 were analyzed. The myocardial enzyme, electrocardiogram(ECG),echocardiography and other related examination indexes or indicators were observed,and the changes of symptoms,signs and other relevant assay and examination indexes before and after treatment were recorded. Results Exhaustive exercise could cause the symptoms such as chest tightness,palpitations,chest pain, dizziness,shortness of breath,fatigue,syncope and other symptoms,as well as cardiac auscultation abnormalities. After treatment, aspartate aminotransferase〔AST(U/L):20.34±6.33 vs. 35.43±25.25〕,α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase〔α-HBDH(U/L):130.47±9.04 vs. 168.93±62.69〕,lactate dehydrogenase〔LDH(μmol?s-1?L-1):2.48±0.62 vs. 3.58±1.34〕,creatine kinase〔CK(U/L):125.58±67.56 vs. 556.42±381.89〕,creatine kinase isoenzyme〔CK-MB(U/L):11.20±4.08 vs. 23.09±15.61〕were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01);cardiac troponin T(cTnT)was detected in 5 patients,its level after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment(μg/L:0.07±0.05 vs. 1.26±0.78,P<0.05). The ECG abnormalities included primarily sinus bradycardia (16 cases),sinus arrhythmia (13 cases) and premature ventricular contractions (11 cases). Echocardiographic abnormalities appeared in 18 cases,they were chiefly as follows:valvular regurgitation, cardiac dysfunction,cardiac enlargement,etc,among which the most common one was valvular regurgitation(all the refluxes were of small amount). Based on the above clinical manifestations and examination results,the exhaustive cardiac injuries were preliminarily divided into common type(20 cases),arrhythmia type(56 cases),heart failure type(2 cases)and sudden death(10 cases). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of exhaustive heart damage may appear in different types. Abnormal changes of myocardial enzymes,ECG and echocardiography are the strong evidences for the damage. Clinicians should pay attention to its prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Monoamine hypothesis has been demonstrated by researches. However, the correlation between the metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter and anti-depression treatment in patients with depression has less been reported.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different drugs on metabolite of plaama monoamine neurotransmitter, and the correlation between the metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter and anti-depression treatment in patients with depression.DESIGN: Case controlled study.SETTING: Neurological Department and Brain Institute of Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Forty patients with depression hospitalized in Nanjing Brain Hospital (depression group) were diagnosed with the second revised edition of China classification of mental diseases(CCMD-2) and the tenth edition of International classification of diseases. And the total score of Hanmilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) was more than 17. Healthy voluntary blood donators in the control group were from Nanjing Municipal Central Blood Station( n = 20).INTERVENTIONS: Antidepressant was used in the depression for 4 weeks: fluoxetine 20 mg per day; 5-serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine 20 mg per day; venlafaxime 50- 100 mg per day;5-serotonin and morepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor(SNRI) fluvoxamine 50-100 mg per day. High performance liquid chromatograpy(HPLC)was used to measure the level of metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter in patients with depression before and 42 week after treatment, and the HAMD was used to evaluate clinical effect of the patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of metabolites of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with depression: 5-hydroxyindoleace tic acid(5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG) and homovani llic acid(HVA) were measured before and 4th week after treatment.RESULTS: The levels of 5-HIAA, MHPG and HVA of the metabolites of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with depression before treatment [ (20.3±14.6), (124.8±103.6), (54.7±32.1) μg/L] were all lower than those in the normal control group[ (39.5±28.4), (334.5 ±107.3), (88.5±37.2) μg/L], with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). After SSRI treatment, the 5-HIAA content[ (37.1±21.9)μg/L]was significantly increased as compared with that before treatment, whose difference indicated significant meaning ( P＜0.05), but the differences in MHPG and HVA had no significant meaning as compared with those before treatment(P＞0.05) . After SNRI treatment, 5-HIAA and MHPG contents [(35.4±25.2 ), (291.2±120.4) μg/L] both were significantly increased, which indicated significant difference as compared with those before treatment( P＜0.05); but HVA level had no significant changes.CONCLUSION:'The peripheral neurotransmitter metabolites in plasma can reflect their states in brain. The change of neurotransmitter metabolite in plasma can be regarded as an important reference index for the evaluation of depression.