Neoadjuvant or preoperative chemotherapy (NAC) is the use of chemotherapy to treat a cancerous tumor before surgery. With this chemotherapy, the pathologic complete response and survival rate could be extensive improved, and it make possible to perform breast-conserving surgery successfully. The evaluating methods of response to NAC in breast cancer has been discussed widely,this review presents the evaluation methods of response to NAC for patients with breast cancer.

Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Geographic Information Systems ; Snails

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Ampullary cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer,which is often considered to have a best prognosis among periampullary cancers.Preoperative endoscopic uhrasonography and transpapillary intraductal ultrasonography Call provide useful information not only for tumor staging but also for making therapeutic decisions,especially in patients who are appropriate for endoscopic papillectomy.Whipple resection and pylrus preserring panereaticoduodenectomy are considered to be the standard treatment for ampullary cancer.Although transduedenal ampullectomy is regarded as a less-invasive treatment compared with Whipple resection,it has a high morbidity and hish rate of cancer-cell remnant at the resected margin.Endoscopic papiilectomy may be the treatment of choice for selected cases of ampullary cancer. As to unresectable ampullary cancer,the performance of a biliary-enteric bypass is considered routine to solve obstructive ianndice.The decision as to whether to perform gastrojejunostomy in patients without obvious gastroduodenal obstruction secondary to the tumor remains controversial.We believe that prophylactic gastrojejunostomy should be performed routinely when a patient is undergoing surgical palliation for unresectable ampullary cancer.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; complications

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Positive-Pressure Respiration

Accident Prevention ; Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; therapy ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; therapy ; Respiratory Aspiration ; therapy

AIM: To investigate the application value of contrast -enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) and analysis software for intra-ocular tumor diagnosis.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis for 90 cases (90 eyes) with intra- ocular tumor with CEUS examination, and all cases were confirmed by pathology after surgery or clinical comprehensive diagnosis and follow-up.
RESULTS: Choroidal hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma had obvious different CEUS enhancement pattern, quantitative analysis indexes of those tumors by imaging analysis software were significantly different (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The CEUS can provide quantitative analysis for intra - ocular tumor with preferable clinical application value.

Evaluation of medical ethics aims to combine the estimation forms and the administration.Foundation and management of medical ethics evaluation institution will benefit long-term medical ethics mechanism.More attention should be paid to the following aspects as follows.First,much education is in need to elucidate the essence and importance of medical ethics evaluation institution as well as long-term medical ethics mechanism.Second,stringent management is required to have medical ethics mechanism work well.Third,continuous supervision of the faculty will promoting the long-term medical ethics construction.