OBJECTIVE:To analyze the recent implementation and problem of GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) of Chinese traditional medicinal materials(CTMM). METHODS:The sound development of GAP in recent 10 years were given an affirmation with regard to the improvement of regulations,the progress of GAP authentication,economic achievement,scientific research and training of talents,etc.Meanwhile,the limitations in variety breeding,wildlife tending,wildlife collecting,subsequent monitoring and base organization pattern were analyzed thoroughly,and the solution was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:There has been a stable development of GAP in China; however,it remains to be improved in regulations,governmental supervising,and developmental model.

Objective To study the effects of hydrogen dioxide (oxygen free radical donator) and vitamin C (oxygen free radical scavenger) on the electric current of large conductance calcium -activated potassium channels (BKCa channels) in isolated outer hair cells in aging guinea pigs .Methods Acute enzyme was used to isolat outer hair cells of aging guinea pigs ,in which of BKCa channel's electric current was observed and recorded by whole-cell recording mode of patch -clamp .After recording the stable and normal electric current of BKCa channels ,added H2 O2 dilution (0 .2 mmol/L) 40 μl in the 2 ml chambers within freshly isolated outer hair cells so that the concen‐tration of H2 O2 in the balneum would be 4 μmol /L .The groups(n=5) received individually vitamin C solution (5 mg/ml) 0 ,10 ,20 ,40μl in the 2 ml chambers within freshly isolated outer hair cells so that the concentration of vi‐tamin C in the balneum would be 0 ,25 ,50 ,100 μg /ml ,observing and recording the effects of different concentration of vitamin C to electric current of BKCa channels .Results ①In the w hole-cell mode of patch -clamp ,the rapid activation and non-deactivation electric current with a string of large amplitude was recorded ,above -40~ -30 mV activation voltage .The electric current increased with the increasing membrane potential .The amplitude in‐creased continuously and performed characteristics of outward rectification .When the concentration of IbTX was 100 nmol /L ,the activity of the channel was completely blocked and confirmed BKCa channel's electric current .②Medication within three minutes ,when VT was +50 mV ,the BKCa channels'the maximum peak current densities of 4 μmol /L H2 O2 group rose from 22 .09 ± 0 .27 PA /PF to 43 .53 ± 1 .09 PA/PF ,amplification was 97 .06% .In H2 O2 4 μmol /L + vitamin C with different concentrations as 25 ,50 ,100 μg/ml groups ,the BKCa channels'elec‐tric current performed about concentration-dependent inhibition ,and electric current's amplitude and peak current density decreased with the increasing concentration of vitamin C ,the I-V curves were reduced .However ,this still could not be recovered to the normal levels .Conclusion The oxygen free radical /BKCa exists in the process .The vitamin C as oxygen free radical scavenger can reverse the process to a large extent .

[Objective] To evaluate the biocompatibility in vivo of Mg alloy AZ91D(AZ0),Mg-Mn-Ce(RE0)and their step anodizational materials(AZ1,AZ2,AZ3,RE1,RE2,RE3)by the experiments of intradermal stimulus and sensitivity response.[Methods]According toGB/T 16886.10-1997 Biological Evaluation of Medical Apparatus and Instrument,compared with normal sodium,pure magnesium and medical Ti-6Al-7Nb,the leaching liquor were injected into cutis to evaluate stimulus response,to evaluate sensitivity response by injection and illinition.[Results]RE2 could not prepare leaching liquor,it's kicked out.Intradermal stimulus response:normal sodium,Ti-6A1-7Nb,AZ1,AZ3 groups inflammation responded as degree I,scored 0.The others inflammation responded as degree Ⅱ,scored 1.Sensitivity response:formaldehyde group inflammation responded as degree IV,erythema and edema were degree IV.Normal sodium group inflammation responded as degree I,erythema and edema were degree 0.Ti-6Al-7Nb,AZ1,AZ3 groups inflammation responded as degree Ⅱ,erythema and edema were degree 1.The others inflammation responses were degree Ⅲ,erythema and edema were degree Ⅱ.[Conclusion]The new kinds of magnesium alloy AZ1,AZ3 possesses good preliminary biocompatibility in vivo,so it is very possible to be a new type of bone surgery implant material.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can cause immunosuppression on herds. PCV2, as an essential pathogen of PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), has caused considerable economic losses in pig industry worldwide. Here we review and address the evolution, viral protein and immunolesion of PCV2 and preventive techniques of PCV2-SD.
Animals ; Circoviridae Infections ; veterinary ; Circovirus ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Aged ; Diastole ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; physiopathology ; therapy

A description of the implementation strategy and methodology of clinical medicine as a discipline in terms of building clinical technology features, making scientific research centering on clinical questions, building technical and academic branding, and building discipline bases.Authors also emphasized human resource cultivation, and held that the clinical discipline development should be carried out by means of organization and culture management for the discipline.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus tuina in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.
Methods:Forty-eight KOA patients were randomized into 2 groups by their visiting sequence, 24 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling moxibustion plus tuina, while the control group was treated with acupuncture plus tuina. The two groups were both treated once a day, 30 min for each session, 10 d as a treatment course, totally for 3 treatment courses. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKSS) were observed before and after the treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy.
Results:After 3 treatment courses, the VAS and LKSS scores were significantly changed in the two groups (P<0.01), and the between-group differences were also statistically significant (P<0.01). The markedly-effective rate was 83.3% in the treatment group versus 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Warm needling moxibustion plus tuina can produce a more significant efficacy than acupuncture plus tuina in treating KOA due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness on 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine on cycloplegia in children before optometry.
METHODS:Eighty eyes of 40 children among 4-12 years old with refractive error were recruited in this study. 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops were topically administered once per 5min for 3 times and optometry was performed after 45min. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel then was used 3 times per day for consecutive 3d and again the refractive diopter was obtained at the 4th d. The differences of the results in retinoscopy refraction were compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel.
RESULTS: Therefraction results of those given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel were no statistical different in both 4-8 years group and 9-12 years group with myopia (≤-3. 00D) (P=0. 411, 0. 924). The differences of refraction results of both the drugs were significant in 4 - 8 years group with low hypermetropia, medium hypermetropia and high hypermetropia (P=0. 007, 0. 007, 0. 009). No significant difference was found in 9 - 12 years group with low hypermetropia (P= 0. 592), given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel, but the differences of refraction results of both the ophthalmic preparations above were significant in 9-12 years group with medium and high hypermetropia (P=0. 039, 0. 012).
CONCLUSION:Both 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel have the cycloplegic effects, but their cycloplegic effects are significant different among hypermetropia children. Thus, the reasonable cycloplegic should be chosen according to the specific situation.

160 s and core temperature was 36-37℃.Blood ga- ses,platelets,plasma free hemoglobin and coagulation factors were measured during ECMO support. The blood supply was monitored in the limbs cannulated with the femoral artery cannula.Results Two patients were successfully treated with ECMO without major complications.The circulatory and respiratory function of the patients was stable.The chest X-ray showed a no clouding of lungs and he- patic function was greatly improved in case 2 who underwent a successful heart transplantation follo- wing mechanical cardiocirculatory support as a bridge,Two patients received ECMO support for 5 and 3 days respectively.Both patients recovered well.No any severe acute rejection occurred and heart func- tion was NYHAⅠ.Conclusion When candidates suffered acute cardiogenic shock,ECMO can provide safe and effective mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to heart transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of mini-invasive multichannel drainage in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage combined with severe ventricular hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 76 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage combined with severe ventricular hemorrhage were analyzed. They were divided into observation group and control group by random digits table method with 38 cases each. The patients in observation group were performed intracranial hematoma catheterized drainage combined with ventricle drainage under CT positioning, and the patients in control group were performed small bone window craniotomy combined with ventricle drainage. The conditions related to surgery and prognosis were compared between 2 groups. Results The operation time, blood loss and hospital stay in observation group were (46.2 ± 25.2) min, (35.4 ± 18.1) ml and (15.2 ± 2.5) d, and those in control group were (108.5±32.5) min, (112.5 ± 35.2) ml and (18.5 ± 3.2) d, there were statistical differences between 2 groups (P<0.01). Two cases died perioperatively in each group. The Glasgow outcome score (GOS) 1 month after operative in observation:9 patients were 5 scores, 19 patients were 4 scores, and the rate of better prognosis was 73.68%(28/38);in control group: 8 patients were 5 scores, 18 patients were 4 scores, and the rate of better prognosis was 68.42% (26/38). There was no statistical difference between 2 groups (χ2 = 0.256, P = 0.613). Conclusions Mini-invasive multichannel drainage is a safe and effective method for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage combined with severe ventricular hemorrhage, and has the minimal invision.