This paper demonstrates the necessity for developing for-profit hospitals according to property right theories;It analyzed the inherent unity of social benefits and economic benefits in such hospitals,and clarified their business objectives.It put forward a process to build a performance evaluation indexing system in for-profit hospitals in view of the characteristics of such hospitals.Calling into play the performance management method of the balance scorecard,it identified the business objectives of such hospitals as measured by such performance indexes as finance,patients,process,and learning,and the logic relationship existing among the indexes as well.In addition,it vertically extends such a system to the departments and employees of the hospital to make a complete performance evaluation indexing system.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of blood test in the prognosis of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.METHODS The clinicopathologic and follow-up data of 62 patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma proven by pathological examination were collected.The blood lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),globulin(GLB),albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(Hb),and white blood cell(WBC) were examined in these patients.The correlation between these factors and prognosis were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS Of the 62 patients,47 were males and 15 were females.Their median age was 42 years.Ninety two percent of the patients were in Ann Arbor I/Ⅱ stage,and 76 % had international prognostic index(IPI) of 0 or 1.Before treatment,92 % of the patients had ECOG performance status(PS) score of 0-1,26 % had anemia,53 % presented B symptoms.The median overall survival time was 27 months(95 % CI:10-45months).In univariate analysis,gender,age,PS score,LDH,IPI,B symptoms,Hb and WBC were statistically significantly correlated to the prognosis.In multivariate analysis,Hb1 were statistically significant unfavorable prognostic factors.CONCLUSION Hb together with B symptoms and PS score may be independent prognostic factors for nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Dynamic balance of endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in occurrence and development of cerebral infarction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of thromboiytic therapy with batroxobin(DF-521) on the levels of plasma ET and CGRP after cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Fourth Department of Gereology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Fourth Department of Gereology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Totally 15 New Zealand rabbits aged from 18-20 months, of common grade and either sex, with the mean body mass of (3.5±0.5) kg were selected.METHODS: A total of 15 rabbits were established into cerebral infarction models with modified autogeneic thrombus method. One rat died when selecting models. Other 14 rats were randomly assigned into control group and treatment group. DF-521 was slowly injected into vein of ear edge of rats in the treatment group at hour 2 after embolism. Saline of the same volume was slowly injected into rats of the control group. Changes of concentrations of plasma ET and CGRP in the treatment group and control group were observed before and after cerebral infarction.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of ET and CGRP contents 1 hour before operation, 2 hours after operation (before drug injection) and 6 hours after operation (4 hours after drug injection).RESULTS: Of the 15 included rabbits, 1 rat died when establishing model, so 14 rabbits were involved in the result analysis. ET level significantly increased at hour 2 after acute cerebral infarction operation in the treatment group and control group (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01), and then decreased at hour 6 after operation (P ＜ 0.01 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). The decrease in the treatment group was larger than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The level of CGRP markedly reduced at hour 2 after acute cerebral infarction operation in the two groups, and than increased at hour 6 after operation. The increase in the treatment group was larger than that in the control group, but there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Body with cerebral infarction during acute stage has selfregulative mechanism on dysequilibrium of ET and CGRP. Early-used thrombolytic therapy with DF-521 can markedly increase the ET level,which may be one of the protective mechanisms of cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury.

Objective To assess the relationship between the concentration of total suspended particle (TSP) and cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality of urban residents in Fushun city, China. Methods The data of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality and TSP concentration from 1999 to 2003 in Fushun city were collected. The association between TSP concentrations and the mortality of cerebral-cardiovascular diseases was analyzed using Poisson regression model adjusted for seasons, long-term patterns and meteorological variations using an ecological parametric method. Results As the concentration of TSP increased by 50 ?g/m3, OR of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality increase was 1.015 42 (95%CI=1.000 18-1.030 89) in the male group and 1.022 40 (95%CI=1.004 87-1.040 23) in the aged male group respectively, as 4-days lag TSP concentration increased by 50 ?g/m3, OR of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality increase was 1.008 26 (95%CI=1.000 57-1.016 02) in the whole people, 1.016 27 (95%CI=1.006 71-1.025 93) in the male group and 1.016 65 (95%CI=1.005 25-1.028 19) in the aged male group respectively. Conclusion Air pollution by TSP is considered as a risk factor for the increase of cerebral-cardiovascular disease mortality in Fushun city, China.

To explore the risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)in adult primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS). Totally 185 patients with PNS were divided into AKI group(=51)and non-AKI group(=134).The demographic data and clinical and histological features at admission were compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors for AKI were evaluated by Logistics regression analysis. In 51 PNS patients with AKI,the common pathological types of AKI included minor glomerular abnormalities(29.4%),IgA nephropathy(25.5%),and membranous nephropathy(17.6%).The incidences of renal tubular casts and epithelial vacuoles in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group(=0.004,=0.030).Males were more likely to suffer from AKI than females(=0.000).Patients in AKI group had significantly lower albumin level(=0.015)and higher levels of random urine protein,serum creatinine,uric acid,urea nitrogen,and triglyceride than non-AKI group(=0.030,=0.000,=0.000,=0.000,and =0.006),and polyserous and oliguria occurred more often in the AKI group(=0.000,=0.002).The AKI group had significantly higher incidences of high blood pressure and infections(=0.035,=0.000).Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed albumin(<25 g/L),serum creatinine(>96 μmol/L),urea nitrogen(≥6.8 mmol/L),uric acid(≥400 μmol/L),diabetes,infection,and renal tubular casts were the independent risk factors for AKI. AKI complicating PNS is associated with a variety of factors.Its independent risk factors include the levles of albumin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,and uric acid,diabetes,infections,and renal tubular casts.
Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adult ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7(MMP7)in paraquat(PQ)?induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods Forty?eight SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the pulmonary fibrosis model group(PQ model group),each group of twenty?four rats. Rats in the PQ model group received single intraperitoneal injection of 4 mg/mL PQ dilute solution and the control group were in?traperitoneal injected with the same dose of saline. Eight rats of each group were sacrificed on day 7,day14 and day 28 respectively. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed and the hydroxyproline(HYP)content in lung tissues was determined. The severity of pulmonary fibrosis was observed. The expressions of MMP7 in lungs were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The observation of general state of the experimental animals showed that except one rat died at day 28 d,all other rats survived to the end point of observation. After intraperitoneal injection with PQ,the weight of rats in the PQ model group gradually declined,and then increased around day 14,yet still much lower than that in the control group at day 28(P<0.05). After intraperitoneal injection with PQ,the pulmonary index in the model group increased gradually and then decreased after reach?ing the peak on day 14. The content of HYP in rat lung tissues in the PQ model group was remarkably higher than in the control group at day 7,day 14,and day 28,with statistical significance(P<0.01). In the PQ model group,the content of HYP was significantly up?regulated with the extension of infected time and reached the peak value at day 28. The results of HE staining showed significant pulmonary alveolitis at day 7,hyperplasia of abundant collagen fibers in alveolar septum at day 14,and obvious pulmonary fibrosis and collapse of alveolar structure on day 28 in the lung tissues of the PQ model group. A weak expression of MMP7 was measured in the lung tissues in the control group and the expression of MMP7 was higher in the PQ model group than in the control group at day 7,day 14,and day 28,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Paraquat poison?ing was mainly manifested in inflammatory reactions of lung tissues in the early stage together with increase of fibroblasts and mainly in fibrosis in the late stage. The expression of MMP7was increased along with the severity of pulmonary alveolitis or fibrosis and showed significant changes compared to the control group at day 28 after poisoning,indicating that MMP7may be the marker of paraquat?induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To observe and compare the influences of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and through-the-balloon ultrasound ablation (TTB-USA) on coagulable states of blood and evaluate their safety. Methods Eleven mongrel canines of either sex were divided into TTB-USA group (n=5) and RFCA group (n=6). We measured the expression of alphagranule membrane protein (GMP-140) on the surface of activated platelets by flow cytomety before and after cannulation, immediately after ablation, 30 minutes and 48 hours later, respectively. And at the same time,we also examined the change of tissue type plasminogen activatior (T-PA)? plasmingen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Results The expression of GMP-140 elevated before ablation, reached its peak value at hour 48, but the degree of uprising was lower in TTB-USA group than in RFCA group. Both t-PA and PAI-1 uprising just after ablation, restored to normal 48 hours later, t-PA reached its peak just after ablation, but PAI-1 was 30 minutes later and there was no difference in uprising degree between the two groups. Conclusion Both TTB-USA and RFCA could activate platelets and result in the change of blood coagulable states, but TTB-USA was slighter than RFCA, so TTB-USA seems to be more safely in ablating pulmonary vein orifice than RFCA in treatment of focal atrial fibrillation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of 3 D ultrasound in the diagnosis of bladder diseases. Methods In 21 patients with bladder disease,3 D images were studied with a Voluson 530D diagnostic system.At first,the two dimensional images of lesions were collected,then defined 3 D volumes of interest were stored,reconstructed and analyzed. Results 3 D ultrasound provided a clear stereoscopic view and depicted the appearance of the 21 bladder diseases,displayed the internal structures,and showed invasive depth within and outside the bladder wall and also metastasis of the adjacent organs. Conclusions 3 D ultrasound can clearly demonstrate the morphologic characteristics and internal structures of the bladder disease and provide much more reliable information for the diagnosis of diseases.

AIM: To study the action of NF-?B p65 in tubule-interstitium in rats with active Heymann nephritis(AHN). METHODS: Twenty female Wistar rats in 6-8 weeks of age were divided into two groups. The nephritis was induced with Fx1A/CFA by subcutaneous injection and with CFA as control. After rats were killed, the activation of NF-?B p65 in renal tissue was observed by immune histochemistry. RESULTS: The lesion score of renal interstitium and activation of NF-?B p65 of renal tubule in rats with AHN was higher than those of control group(P

Experiment examination plays an important role in evaluation of clinical microbiology experiment teaching.Standardized experiment examination system of clinical microbiology is a fair,objective and scientific assessment of students' learning effect and an important mean to evaluate teaching quality.The standardized experimental evaluation system includes organization,standardized examination contents,standardized procedures and operations,standardized invigilation and record,standardized scoring criteria,correction and prevention measures.