Ankle sprains are orthopedic clinical common disease, accounting for joint ligament sprain of the first place. If treatment is not timely or appropriate, the joint pain and instability maybe develop, and even bone arthritis maybe develop. The mechanism of injury of ankle joint, anatomical basis has been fully study at present, and the diagnostic problem is very clear. Along with the development of science and technology, biological modeling and three-dimensional finite element, three-dimensional motion capture system,digital technology study, electromyographic signal study were used for the basic research of sprain of ankle. Biomechanical and kinematic study of ankle sprain has received adequate attention, combined with the mechanism research of ankle sprain,and to explore the the biomechanics and kinematics research progress of the sprain of ankle joint.
Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; Ankle Joint ; physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Sprains and Strains ; physiopathology

Transcription factorhypoxia inducible factor -1(HIF-1)plays a key role in cell adaption to hypoxia(from 21%O2 to 1%O2).Researches have shown that HIF -1 is closely related to occurrence and de-velopment in many malignant cancers .In this paper,we review the effect of HIF -1 in tumor growth,metastasis, apoptosis and angiogenesis .

Objective To investigate the etiology of the nosocomial infection and immune function changes anus and anal after operation.Methods 130 patients who needed anus and anal canal surgery were recruited in the study.The clinical data were recor-ded and postoperative nosocomial infection data were observed,including infection type,distribution,pathogenic analysis and im-mune function.Results A total of 67 cases of nosocomial infection occured,the infection rate was 51.5% (67/130),the main types of infection were perineal wound infection,abdominal infections and pelvic infections,urinary tract and vaginal infections were rare. 93 isolates were collected,of which gram-negative bacilli accounted for 67.7% (63/93 ),including bacteroides fragilis (21.5%), Escherichia coli (18.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%);Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.7% (30/93 ),including Staphylococcus aureus(17.2%),Staphylococcus epidermidis(6.5%);5 fungi were isolated accounting for 5.4%,other strains ac-counted for 3.2%.All the immune parameters detected in patients with postoperative nosocomial infection were statistically differ-ent from those before infection(P <0.05)except for IgM(P >0.05).Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection was rela-tively high in patients who had anus and anal canal surgery,which could serious affect the patients'outcomes,preventive and control measures should be taken in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the application value of gastrointestinal reconstruction by continuous jejunum interposition after total gastrectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis in March 2006 to March 2012 was performed in 60 patients with gastric underwent continuous jejunal interposition after total gastrectomy.Results There were no operation death and anastomotic fistula.Follow-up for 12-24 months,some patients had mild reflux esophagitis,generation of gastric capacity of more than 300 ml,emptying time of 30-100 min.The quality of life was improved after operation.Conclusions Continuous jejunal interposition pouch is safe and reliable,with satisfactory effect of digestive tract reconstruction.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nail stabilization in treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures. Methods From March 2007 to January 2009, 52 patients were treated in our department for acute fractures of middle and lower humeral shaft. Twenty-seven were treated with MIPO technique (group A) and 25 with intramedullary nail (group B) . In group A, there were 15 men and 12 women, aged from 18 to 65 years (average, 36. 7 years); in group B, there were 16 men and 9 women, aged from 25 to 63 years (average,39. 4 years). Operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, complications, Mayo scores of the elbow and Constant scores of the shoulder were recorded in both groups and compared statistically. Results The mean follow-up time was 17. 8 months (range, 16 to 36 months) . There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, and Mayo scores of the elbow ( P > 0. 05) . There was no case of postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve palsy or non-union in group A, but there were 4 cases of non-union, 2 cases of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy and one case of varus malunion in group B. Compared with group B, group A showed significant advantages in rate of postoperative non-union and Constant scores of the shoulder functional recovery ( P < 0. 05) . Conclusion In treatment of humeral shaft fractures, MIPO technique has advantages of less operative invasion, quick bone union, satisfactory shoulder functional recovery and low risk of postoperative palsy of the iatrogenic radial nerve.

Lactate is considered a dead-end product of glycolysis.Its generation and accumulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis,and it is related to the poor prognosis of tumor.But recent studies have found,tumor cells can also uptake and utilize lactate.With the recent advances in tumor metabolism and gene therapy,lactate is a potential therapeutic target in tumors.

The causes of iatrogenic injury in choledo-cho-pancreatico-duodenai junction include iatrogenic factors, anatomic factors and pathological factors. T-tube, methylthionine chloride and fiber choledochoscopy are useful methods for early diagnosis. Accurate exploration of the injury site and reasonable choice of management were significant in dealing with the iatrogenie injury and can lead to a satisfactory result. Choledo-chojejunostomy and Oddi sphincteroplasty are not recommended unless the patients had distal bile duet stricture or the stones can not be removed. Accurate detection of the injury site, evaluation of the severity, and proper choice of the surgical method are important for the prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To observe the roles of p50 protein in pathologic responses of cerulein(CR)pancreatitis in mice deficient in p50 protein of NF-?B.Methods:Pancreatitis was induced by i.p.injection of 50?g/kg CR.The express and compensation of p65,p50 and cRel proteins of NF-?B,NF-?B activity were measured using electromobility shift assay;parameters of pancreatitis,eg,amylase,lipase and trypsin were evaluated.The apoptosis,necrosis and caspase-3 activity were observed.Results:p50 knockout(KO)mice had no p50 protein expression and increased p65 and cRel proteins expression.p50 KO mice's NF-?B activity decreased and apoptosis increased in pancreatitis compared with wild type(WT)mice.There was no caspase-3 activition in both mice before and after pancreatitis.All KO mice had an increased necrosis and amylase,lipase,trypsin activity compared with WT mice in pancreatitis.Conclusions:The results indicated that NF-?B p50 genetic deletion might attenuate cerulean induced pancreatitis.

AIM: To study the changes of hippocampal ne uronal microenvironment and alterations of excitatory amino (EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) in extracellular fluid (ECF) in different time after t hrombotic cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. METHODS: The model of focal thrombotic cerebral ischemia was ind uced by photochemistry-technology in tree shrews. Hippocampal ECF was collected b y microperfusion. pH, PCO 2, PO 2 and HCO 3- were analyzed by blood gas ana lyzer, and Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA were measured by high-performance liquid chrom atography (HPLC)-PITC technology after occlusion. RESULTS: The contents of Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA in hippocampal E CF increased, and pH, PO 2 and HCO 3- decreased after photochemical induced cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. There were significant differences between ish emic group and sham group (P