The multi drug resistance(MDR) of tumor cells has become a difficult problem in the chemotherapy of tumor, meanwhile, the mechanism of MDR are various:relevant drugs with reversal effects have been discovered. This review will provide the most impossible mechanisms of MDR and some prospecting reversal drugs.

Objective To discuss the value of preoperative digital design of struetund bone graft for acetabular wall defects. Methods The . dieom data from spiral CT scans were imported into Mimics 10.0 to build the 3D solid model of the pelvis of an old female patient with left acetabular wall defects. The 3D solid model of the defect area was built by Mirror and 3D mask editing. A simulated bone graft was conducted on the 3D model by segmentation and trimming according to the data measured on the reconstructed model. Results The reconstructed 3D model of the patient's pelvis could be presented in different colors, transparenees, or combinations of interested tissues. The acetabular wall defects could be visualized very clearly at different angles. The geometric data of the bone graft could be measured to ensure the bone graft would fit the defects accurately. Conclusion Preoperative digital design based on 3D com-puterized reconstruction of acetabular wall defects may provide a valuable aid to clinical treatment, because it is a simple, rapid, and accurate method of increasing the fitness of bone graft and the defects,

Objective To evaluate the modified Physical and Operative Severity Score for the Enumera-tion of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) in predicting the postoperative morbidity in patients with fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum. Methods The clinical data of 94 patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Their postoperative prognosis during hospital stay was evaluated with the POSSUM scoring system modified according to the features of orthopedics and pelvic and acetabular fractures. The peritoneum in-fection in the severity index of operation was replaced by operative approach, the several operations at one time by operative duration, and the cancer by the associated injury. The size and type of operation were made into 4 grades with corresponding orthopedic scores. The scores were compared between the complication group and the non-complication group. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to describe the coincidence degree, define the cut points, and evaluate its predicting capability. Results The mean preoperative physi-ological score (PS) and operative severity score (OS) in the complication group (38 cases) were significantly higher than those in the noncomptication (56 cases) (17.26 ± 2.84 vs 16.04 ± 2.77; 19.50 ± 5. 14 vs 13.00 ±3.81 ) ( P ＜ 0.05) . In the modified POSSUM, the area under ROC curve was 0. 856, the cut point 43%, sen-sitivity 73.68%, specificity 80. 36%, and coincidence degree 77.66%. Conclusions Since the modified POSSUM scoring system has a high capability of predicting postoperative morbidity for fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum, it can be helpful for surgeons to lower operative risks and ensure safety in operation. When the score is higher than the cut point, the risk is too great for an operation. Therefore, the fracture should be treated non-operatively or mini-invasively until the score is lower than the cut point.

Objective To compare the values of the mangled extremity syndrome index (MESI), the mangled extremity severity score (MESS) and the limb salvage index (LSI) in deciding amputation or salvage in the management of the mangled extremity syndrome (MES). Methods Clinical data of 353 MES patients including 95 with amputation and 258 with salvage admitted in recent eight years were retrospectively evaluated by using MESI, MESS and LSI, the value of which in deciding amputation or salvage was assessed with receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ). Results There was statistical difference in aspect of mean scores of three grading systems between patients with amputation or salvage (P＜0. 01). For MESI, MESS and LSI, the sensitivities was 89.47%, 85.26% and 83.15% respectively, the specificities was 100%, 96.89% and 96.12% respectively, the coincidence was 97.16%,93.76% and 92.63% respectively, the areas under ROC curves was 0. 924, 0905 and 0. 861 respectively and the cut-off points were equal or over 20, 7 and 6 respectively. Conclusions Three scoring systems are all highly capable of predicting early amputation or not in MES management. The MESI is recommended as a quantitative criterion for determining amputation or salvage.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Time Factors ; Trinitrotoluene ; poisoning

Opioid peptides and their receptors play an important r ole in the pathophysiologic process of stroke. The concentration of endogenous o pioid peptides elevates, while the density of opioid receptors decreases in CNS during cerebral ischemia; on the other hand, opioids influence the development o f stroke through regulating the contraction of cerebral vessel, immuno-endocrin e system and neuroprotection against injury. Thus, drugs that regulate the opioi d system may be a new therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of cereb ral ischemia.

ObjectiveTo assess activated carbon in the standard lymphadenectomy of gastric cancer.Methods183 cases undergoing radical gastrectomy before 1997 served as control group,87 consecutive cases after 1997 received intumour injection of activated carbon(AC) before undergoing gastrectomy.The areas and number of dissected lymph nodes,operative complication and hospital stay in subtotal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy were analyzed respectively.ResultsIn subtotal gastrectomy,the ratio of D 1 ,D 2 ,D 3 and D 3 +PAL over the total cases was 4 7%,10 3%,14 9% and 16 1% respectively in AC group and 25 7%,21 3%,9 9% and 2 7% respectively in control group.In total gastrectomy,the ratio of D 1 ,D 2 ,D 3 and D 3 +PAL was 3 4%,5 7%,21 9% and 23% respectively in AC group and 15 8%,14 8%,8 7% and 1 1% respectively in control group.The differences of the four procedures were all statistically significant between the two groups.The number of dissected lymph nodes in each case in AC group was more than that of control group.ConclusionsLocal injection of activated carbon is a simple,easy and safe method to increase the dissection of lymph nodes in radical gastrectomy.

Objective: To study the epidemiological of social anxiety disorder in pupils of Zhanjiang urban districts. Methods:2409 pupils from 5 elementary schools in Zhanjiang city completed the SASC. Those with a total score higher than 2 standard deviation away from the mean were interviewed. SADC was diagnosed according to the standard of CCMD-3.Results:The overall prevalence rate of SADC was 2.74 in Zhanjiang urban districts, prevalence rate for boys was 2.6, while 2.9 for girls. No sex difference was found (?~2=0.11,P=0.744). There was no significant difference among different grades (?~2=5.47,P=0.361).Conclusions:SADC exists in pupils of Zhanjiang city, we should pay more attention to this disorder for children's mental health.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of acellular allogenic dermis combined with split-thickness autogenous skin graft for coverage of wound in extremity joint. Methods After contraction scar, giant pigmented nevus and capillary hemangioma being removed, acellular allogenic dermis with split-thickness autogenous skin graft was used to repair 25 cases of wounds of elbow, ankle, knee and wrist joints. The area of wounds was from 7cm?11cm to 12cm?19cm. Out of 25 wounds, there were 4 in wrist, 8 in elbow, 7 in ankle and 6 in knee joints. The survival rate of graft skin and improvement degree of joint function were observed. Results All grafts survived and had the smooth surface without obvious pigmentation and wound contraction. The function of joint was significantly improved after operation. Conclusion Tissue-engineered dermis with autogenous epithelium is an ideal graft for coverage of various wounds in extremity joint.

In order to explore the value of assessment in measuring S-100 beta protein (S-100B protein) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with brain insult in central nervous system infections, S-100B protein and NSE in CSF were measured dynamically by ELISA in 42 patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (USE), 19 patients with purulent meningitis, 17 patients with cryptococcus meningitis and 22 unrelated control patients. It was found that the levels of CSF S-100B protein in all the three groups were higher than that of the control group (P0. 05). There were dynamic changes of CSF S-100B protein and NSE concentrations in all three groups correlating with the severity of disease. It is suggested that elevated concentrations of S-100B protein and NSE in CSF related to the damage of glia and neurons could be used as CSF markers of brain insult in patients with central nervous system infections.