Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are usually asymptomatic in newborns or may present with rash, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, pneumonia, and the development of central nervous system sequelae. Gastrointestinal involvement of congenital CMV infection complicating stricture has been rarely reported, especially in children. We report a case of a 2-month-old body who presented with bloody stool since 3 days of age. Hemotochezia was attributable to CMV colitis with colonic stricture, which was confirmed by histopathology, serologic studies and virus culture. Clinical status of the patient improved with intravenous administration of ganciclovir.
Administration, Intravenous ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Colitis* ; Colon* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Exanthema ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Pneumonia

Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs commonly in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, but is usually asymptomatic in the latter. Vascular events associated with acute CMV infection have been described, but are rare. Hence, such events are rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of pulmonary embolism secondary to acute CMV colitis in an immunocompetent 78-year-old man. The patient presented with fever and diarrhea. Colonic ulcers were diagnosed based on colonoscopy findings, and CMV was the proven etiology on pathological examination. The patient subsequently experienced acute respiratory failure. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed based on the chest radiography and computed tomography findings. A diagnosis of acute CMV colitis complicated by pulmonary embolism was made. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous administration of unfractionated heparin and intravenous ganciclovir.
Administration, Intravenous ; Aged ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Ganciclovir ; Heparin ; Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Radiography ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thorax ; Ulcer

We report a case of CMV corneal endotheliitis that was treated with intravitreal ganciclovir injection. A 56-year-old man who has suffered from uveitis was referred to our clinic due to corneal endothelial abnormality. Slit lamp examination showed a localized sectoral corneal edema and linear keratic precipitates along the boundary of edema. In spite of treatment with oral steroid and acyclovir, the disease progressed and two new coin-like lesions were developed. After topical ganciclovir and intavitreal injection of ganciclovir, the corneal lesions disappeared.
Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/*drug therapy ; Endothelium, Corneal/*virology ; Ganciclovir/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Keratitis/*drug therapy/*virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

We report a case of CMV corneal endotheliitis that was treated with intravitreal ganciclovir injection. A 56-year-old man who has suffered from uveitis was referred to our clinic due to corneal endothelial abnormality. Slit lamp examination showed a localized sectoral corneal edema and linear keratic precipitates along the boundary of edema. In spite of treatment with oral steroid and acyclovir, the disease progressed and two new coin-like lesions were developed. After topical ganciclovir and intavitreal injection of ganciclovir, the corneal lesions disappeared.
Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/*drug therapy ; Endothelium, Corneal/*virology ; Ganciclovir/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Keratitis/*drug therapy/*virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate changes of T lymphocytes subsets in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and the effects of different interventions.

METHODSForty-eight children with IM were enrolled, 28 cases were assigned to the group treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 400 mg/(kg x d) for 5 continuous days or IVIG 1 g/(kg x d) for 2 continuous days, the remaining 20 cases were treated with ganciclovir (GCV) 5-10 mg/(kg x d) for 5 consecutive days. All these children were given general supportive therapies. Twenty healthy children from healthcare clinic serviced as control group.

RESULTSCD4 (%), CD8 (%) and the CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy control group were (34.12 +/- 3.53)%, (26.22 +/- 4.43)% and (1.41 +/- 0.3), in IVIG group were (24.2 +/- 4.3)%, (36.4 +/- 6.8)% and (0.72 +/- 0.12), and in GCV group were (23.7 +/- 5.1)%, (37.3 +/- 7.8)% and (0.67 +/- 0.13), respectively. CD4 (%), CD8 (%) and the ratio CD4/CD8 in the control group were significantly different from those in both groups with IM (P < 0.05). Compared with pre-treatment levels, the 28 cases treated with IVIG had significant improvement, the CD4 (%) increased, CD8 (%) decreased and the ratio of CD4/CD8 increased after treatment (P < 0.05). However, 20 cases in GCV treatment group made less changes (P > 0.05) . Meanwhile, the clinical symptoms and signs in the IVIG group were improved faster than that in the GCV group (P < 0.05). The rate of remission in IVIG group was 88.7% vs. 59.2% of GCV group (P < 0.05); the hospital days in IVIG group were (9.2 +/- 4.3) days vs. (13.8 +/- 5.1) days in the GCV (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is indicated that the subsets of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood are obviously abnormal in children with IM caused by EBV infection in acute phase. IVIG can regulate the immunological derangements of T lymphocytes subsets, on which anti-viral therapy alone may have little impact.

CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; administration & dosage ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVEGanciclovir is a first line drug for treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of relatively low and high doses of Ganciclovir in the treatment of neonatal congenital CMV infection.

METHODS37 neonates with congenital CMV infection were randomly assigned to high-dose (n = 19) and low-dose Ganciclovir groups (n = 18). The high-dose Ganciclovir group was injected with Ganciclovir of 7.5 mg/kg in the inducement phase and of 10 mg/kg in the maintaining phase. The low-dose Ganciclovir group was injected with Ganciclovir of 5 mg/kg in the inducement and the maintaining phases. The efficacy and side effects were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe results of different doses of GCV treatment of congenital CMV infection in symptomatic by the clinical symptoms were improved, high-dose treatment group CMV-IgM negative rate of 89.5%, CMV-DNA negative rate of 73.7%; low-dose treatment group CMV-IgM switch negative rate of 83.3%, CMV-DNA negative rate was 77.8%, no significant difference between the two groups. Low-dose GCV treatment of congenital CMV infection in newborns with symptomatic side effects than high dose GCV, the low dose group neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia was lower than the high dose group, the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow- dose GCV treatment of symptomatic congenital CMV infection with high-doses of the same clinical efficacy, and less side effects than high-doses of GCV.

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; congenital ; drug therapy ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

BACKGROUNDHerpes simplex keratitis (HSK) caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which has high recurrent rate and incidence of severe vision loss, is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. The aim was to explore the clinical efficacy of oral ganciclovir (GCV) in the prevention of recurrent HSK.

METHODSA multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, and controlled clinical trial was conducted from April 2010 to June 2013. One hundred seventy-three patients (173 eyes involved) who were diagnosed as recurrent HSK definitely, including stromal keratitis and corneal endotheliitis, were divided into three groups randomly: negative control (placebo) group was topically administered with 0.15% GCV ophthalmic gel, 4 times per day and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops, 3 times per day until resolution of HSK; positive control acyclovir (ACV) group was topically adopted the same ophthalmic gel and eye drops and additionally received oral ACV 400 mg 5 times a day for 10 weeks and followed by 400 mg 2 times per day for 6 months; test GCV group was topically adopted the same treatment as negative control group and additionally received oral GCV 1000 mg 3 times per day for 8 weeks. The symptoms and signs were evaluated before and after the therapy 1 st week, 2 nd week and then followed up every 2 weeks until recovery. Furthermore, we followed up recurrence of HSK for every 3 months after recovery and then assessed the cure time, recurrent rate and adverse reactions.

RESULTSOne hundred and seventy-three patients were followed up 7-48 months (mean 32.1 ± 12.3 months), but 34 patients were failed to follow-up. The cure time was 12.1 ± 4.3, 11.9 ± 4.0 weeks in negative control (placebo) group and positive control ACV group respectively (P = 0.991), which was longer than that in test GCV group (8.6 ± 2.8 weeks) and there was a significant difference between test GCV group and negative control (placebo) group or positive control ACV group (P = 0.000). Furthermore, the recurrent rate was higher in negative control (placebo) group (47.3%) than that in positive control group ACV (26.7%) and test GCV group (17.2%), and there was a great significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference between positive control ACV group and test GCV group (P = 0.358). In addition, there was no obvious adverse reaction expect neutropenia (only one patient in test GCV group).

CONCLUSIONShort-term oral GCV could cure recurrent HSK and endotheliitis, shorten the course, reduce recurrent rate of HSK and have confirmed safety.

Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEGanciclovir is a first-line drug for treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, some ganciclovir treatment-related side-effects can be found. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of relatively low and high doses of ganciclovir in the treatment of neonatal congenital CMV infection.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-seven neonates with congenital CMV infection were randomly assigned to high-dose (n=79) and low-dose ganciclovir groups (n=88). The high-dose ganciclovir group was injected with ganciclovir of 7.5 mg/kg in the inducement phase and of 10 mg/kg in the maintaining phase. The low-dose ganciclovir group was injected with ganciclovir of 5 mg/kg in the inducement and the maintaining phases. The efficacy and side effects were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment the clinical symptoms and signs were obviously improved in both groups. CMV-IgM became negative in 93.8% of neonates in the high-dose ganciclovir group and 93.1% of neonates in the low-dose ganciclovir group (P>0.05). CMV-DNA became negative in 80.8% of neonates in the high-dose ganciclovir group and in 86.7% in the low-dose ganciclovir group (P>0.05). The low-dose ganciclovir group had lower incidence of side effects than the high-dose ganciclovir group: vomiting 2.3% vs 11.4%; anemia 8.0% vs 20.3%; reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes 5.7% vs 16.5%; increase in platelet count 8.0% vs 18.9% (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLow-dose ganciclovir has the same clinical efficacy to high-dose ganciclovir for treatment of neonatal congenital CMV infection, but fewer side effects occur in the low-dose group.

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; congenital ; drug therapy ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

PURPOSE: To report a case of a patient with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who was treated with oral valganciclovir. CASE SUMMARY: A 34-year-old man who had undergone anti-cancer chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was referred to the ophthalmologic oncology clinic because of decreased vision in both eyes. Fundus examination showed white, opaque, and granular retinal lesions in both eyes, and a serologic test showed a positive response to CMV antibody IgG and a negative response to CMV antibody IgM. The patient received induction therapy with intravenous ganciclovir and maintenance therapy with oral valganciclovir 900 mg once daily. CMV retinitis reactivated 4 weeks after maintenance therapy was discontinued. At that point, the patient received induction therapy with oral valganciclovir 900 mg twice daily for 3 weeks and maintenance therapy with 900 mg once daily for 5 weeks. The retinal lesion disappeared and did not recur after oral administration of valganciclovir. The patient discontinued valganciclovir after 5 weeks of maintenance therapy, and CMV retinitis did not reactivate during 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Oral valganciclovir was clinically effective in the treatment of CMV retinitis in a patient who was treated with anti-cancer chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis ; Serologic Tests ; Vision, Ocular

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of pidotimod oral liquid as adjuvant therapy for infectious mononucleosis and its effect on T lymphocyte subsets.

METHODSA total of 76 children with infectious mononucleosis, who were admitted to the hospital between July 2016 and June 2017, were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: conventional treatment and pidotimod treatment (n=38 each). The children in the conventional treatment group were given antiviral therapy with ganciclovir for injection and symptomatic treatment. Those in the pidotimod treatment group were given pidotimod oral liquid in addition to the treatment in the conventional treatment group. The course of treatment was two weeks for both groups. The two groups were compared in terms of the recovery of clinical indices and the changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets.

RESULTSCompared with the conventional treatment group, the pidotimod treatment group had significantly shorter fever clearance time, time to the disappearance of isthmopyra, time to the relief of lymph node enlargement, time to the relief of hepatosplenomegaly, and length of hospital stay (P<0.05). After treatment, the pidotimod treatment group had significant reductions in the percentages of CD3 and CD8 T cells and had significantly lower percentages of CD3 and CD8 T cells than the conventional treatment group (P<0.001). The pidotimod treatment group had significant increases in the percentage of CD4 T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio after treatment, which was significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment group (P<0.001). The conventional treatment group had no significant changes in T lymphocyte subsets after treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPidotimod oral liquid has a good clinical effect as the adjuvant therapy for infectious mononucleosis and can improve cellular immune function, so it holds promise for clinical application.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Administration, Oral ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Male ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Thiazolidines ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome