PURPOSE: Ginseng has been reported to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic animals and patients, and it is also reported to slow the aging process by acting as an anti-atherosclerotic agent or as an anti-oxidant. This study was designed to investigate whether ginseng and irbesartan can prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 7 week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Ginseng(1 g/kg/day) or irbesartan (20 mg/kg/day) was given to diabetic rats for 25 weeks. Blood glucose and body weight were checked weekly and urinary albumin excretion was evaluated every 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the kidneys were weighed and sliced for microscopic examination. Glomerular size and hyaline deposition were measured on light microscopy(on Masson' trichrome stain and PAS stain) and thickness of glomerular basement membrane(GBM) on electron microscopy. Renal histologic findings of ginseng or irbesartan treated rats were compared with those of normal control and diabetic control groups. RESULTS: The weight gain in diabetic rats was significantly reduced, and the final body weight of diabetic rats was lower than that of normal control rats. There was no significant difference in body weights between the diabetic control, ginseng, and irbesartan treated groups. Mean levels of blood glucose were significantly increased in diabetic rats compared to normal rats, but there was no significant difference in blood glucose among the three groups of diabetic rats. Urinary albumin excretion was increased in the diabetic groups compared to the normal control group, and it was significantly decreased in the irbesartan treated group compared to the diabetic control group at 13th week of treatment. At the end of the experiment, the kindeys of the diabetic rats were examined and showed significantly enlarged than those of the normal rats, and the ratio of kidney weight to body weight was decreased in the ginseng treated group compared to the diabetic control and irbesartan treated group. There was no significant difference in the size of glomerulus, the thickness of GBM, and glomerular hyaline deposition among the three diabetic groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant hypoglycemic effect of ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal hypertrophy was relatively milder in the ginseng-treated group, but there was no difference in findings of renal histology between the treatment groups.
Aging ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypertrophy ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Panax* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Weight Gain

INTRODUCTION:Uterine leiomyoma occurs with broad range of 20-50% among reproductive aged women. It takessecond place of all women’s genital diseases that cause abnormal menstrual bleeding. Leiomyomadependent surgical frequency such as hysterectomy is around up to 80, 6%. Lately uterine fibroidembolization treatment is highly effective, less painful, and more rapid recovery, most importantlykeeping organ while maintaining the reproductivity, is successfully entered in practice. We successfullyperformed 40 cases first time in Mongolia and 8 of them conceived naturally after treatment.GOAL:To determine if arterial embolization in women with uterine fibroids (leiomyomata) is an effectivemethod to keep their reproductive organ intact.OBJECTIVES:• To study pregnancy cases in women who had uterine fibroid embolization• To monitor and determine the features of course of pregnancy and childbirth.• To evaluate uterine fibroids.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was conducted in 2009-2012. A total of forty women between 23-50 years of age,diagnosed with symptomatic uterine fibroid that received embolization treatment of dominatingarterial blood vessel feeding the uterine fibroids were involved in the study. Eight of the forty womenwho conceived naturally were selected for the study. The study focused on monitoring the course oftheir pregnancy and delivery and its outcome.RESULTS:Among 40 women who underwent bilateral uterine artery embolization, 31 (75.5%) were seeking tobecome pregnant, and 8 of the 31 (25, 8%) became pregnant, four having been nulliparous. Onepatient had two pregnancies. All 8 pregnancies were spontaneous. The mean time from embolizationto conception was 12±3, 5 months (range, 6-27 months). Three medical terminations occurred. Theother 5 pregnancies went to term; one pregnancy had to be terminated pre-term due to placentapraevia. 60% experienced threatened abortion and 1 case with advanced age mother complicatedwith mild preeclampsia. 62,5% of the women’s pregnancy ended with childbirth, of which one woman(20%) had vaginal delivery and the remaining four pregnancies (80%) ended with C-section. On anaverage, post-treated uterine fibroids decreased in volume by 94% in comparison to pre-treateduterine fibroids in the patients who became pregnant. All of the neonates were healthy with Apgarscores greater than8. The mean weight of the neonates was 3,189± 200 g (range, 2,100–3,800 g). One neonate waspreterm due to placenta praevia (2,100 g).CONCLUSION:1. Of the forty women that received arterial embolization treatment with uterine fibroid, thirty one(75, 5%) women desired to keep their uterine for further reproduction, of which eight women (25,8% of the patients) between the ages of 23-42 years (mean age=35) conceived naturally. Arterialembolization to treat women with uterine fibroids is an effective method for women who wish to keeptheir reproductive organ intact to conceive and reproduce.2. 60 percent of the women who conceived experienced threatened abortion and 20 percent of thewomen’s pregnancy had to be terminated pre-term due to placenta praevia. 62,5 percent of thewomen’s pregnancy ended with childbirth, of which one woman (20%) had vaginal delivery and theremaining four pregnancies (80%) ended with C-section.3. On an average, post-treated uterine fibroids decreased in volume by 94% in comparison to pretreateduterine fibroids.

Uterine leiomyomas are common (20-50%) in women of reproductive age. It is a benign tumor and it ranks second place among genital organ disorders in women.To date, abdominal laparotomy and laparoscopic surgical treatment (myomectomy and hysterectomy) are widely used to manage symptomatic leiomyomas.Although, hysterectomy is considered to be a radical method to manage uterine leiomyomas, women who have had hysterectomy are left totally infertile and they also are at risk to develop post-surgical and post-anesthetic complications. The advantage of myomectomy is to preserve women’s fertility and menstrual function but, the probability of recurrence of leiomyoma is 15-30% [1, 2]. Furthermore, depending on the location, size and number of fibroids, duration of surgery lingers, volume of blood loss is high and the risk to develop post surgical adhesions are high too.In recent, more than a decade period, effective and minimally invasive new, non-surgical methods to manage uterine leiomyomas have been introduced in many countries around the world. These methods have short recovery period and are advantageous to women to preserve their reproductive organ and fertility. They include: uterine artery embolization, uterine artery occlusion via transvaginal route and MRI– guided focused ultrasound surgery of uterine fibroids. Antiprogesterone-low-dose mifepristone for uterine leiomyomas are being introduced as well.In our country, managing leiomyomas surgically is still occupying high rate among surgical treatments. Further, to prevent and reduce complications of surgical treatment and to preserve organ, it is essential and imperative to introduce some of the above- mentioned contemporary non-surgical methods.

BACKGROUND:Acute inflamed process in gallbladder stand no more in the list of contraindication for its laparoscopicremoval, although specifity of operational technics need to be elaborated in details.PURPOSE:The purpose of the study to determine feasibility and specifity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODS AND MATERIALS:Based on standard instructions three holes were punched on the front wall of the abdominal cavity forinsertion of fibroscopic instrument, Olympus-2008, Model-Uni 3, input-120/240V, 50/60Hz, 150VA. Patientselection included 108 individuals hospitalized during 2009-2013 in the department of urgent surgery, IIIShastin Clinical Hospital.RESULTS:Average ages of the patients were 38. Clinical diagnosis based on signs and symptoms revealed at thephysical examination confirmed by echosonographic investigation for final diagnosis. Specificity of surgicaltechnics were incision and infusion of large amount of antibiotic solution into the inflamed gallbladder at theinoculation; use blunt edge for inoculation of the duct and artery of gallbladder; switching to open surgeryin case of revealed massive enzymatic infiltration and adhesive scars.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystoectomy is feasibility operative procedure having advantages anddisadvantages, requiring necessary preventive measures of the complications.

Objective: To compare the nature of pregnancy and deliveryin women with leiomyoma who were treated with uterine artery embolization to the outcomes in women who were treated with abdominal myomectomy. Material and Methods: A prospective, clinical study was conducted in 2010-2013 at “Urguu” Maternity Hospital, Ulaanbaatar. 94 women meeting the criteria were selected for the study. Post-treatment, the patients were reviewed for a period of two years. Uterine artery embolization was performed using polyvinyl alcohol particles (300-500 µm in diameter). Results: The percentage of conception in UAE group was 25.5% and 31.9% in myomectomy group (p=0.494); complication of pregnancy was 50.0% and 57.1% respectively (p=0.729); complication of delivery was 33.3% and 0.0% respectively (p=0.047). 88.9% and 90.0% (p=0.596) had Caesarean delivery. 16 (84.2%) women had uncomplicated and 3 (15.8%) women had complicated delivery due to placenta praevia, placenta acreta and uterine hypotonia. These cases all belonged to UAE group. Conclusion Pregnancy rates in women with leiomyoma who were treated by uterine artery embolization, compared with pregnancies after abdominal myomectomy, were similar.(p=0.494) In this study, there was the rate of Cesarean delivery above 80 percent in both group. There were no differences in newborn weights and Apgar scores.

Introduction: It is necessary and right to study and analyze all aspects of drug materials now when number of mineral based drugs are reducing. Especially it is very important for further researches to properly establish names and number of raw materials for traditional drugs based on ancient scripts. Goal: To carry out comparative study on mineral based drugs numbers and their differences mentioned in Mongolian and Tibetan manuscripts about drug identification methods using ‘Four basics of medicine’ book and its interpretations as a source. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using methods of ‘Comparing manuscript sources studies’, ‘Analyses and syntheses’ for determining numbers and described with ‘Hermeneutics’ methodology. The study was based on approved methodology and ethical review in December 2018. Results: As it was compiled from manuscripts number of drugs mentioned in Four basic roots of medicine was 57, Ancestors’ important teachings – 68, Blue binderya – 77, Golden descript – 87, Clear crystal beads about medicine – 134, White crystal mirror – 121, Beauty eyes décor – 96. It is seen that books written about mineral based drugs became more comprehensive compared with previous manuscripts and authors were trying to reflect their on drug identification methods and ideas. Conclusion
1. The same time it evidences that traditional medicine was enriched year by year with innovation and searches of every generation scientists.
2. In “The four basics of medicine” manuscript theoretical book they described 57 mineral based traditional drugs but in other studies that number increased to 121 which means in manuscripts like “Basics of magic” and “Basics of future” drugs used that time were described more comprehensive.

Introduction: Mostly fever change influences for heart and vital vessel and it is important for future treatment to compare difference of diagnosis and treatment feature of heart-disease in fever change. Goal: To compare difference of pain, feature, treatment and diagnosis when reduced fever change in heart Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using methods of ‘Comparing manuscript sources studies’, ’Analyses and syntheses’ for determining numbers and described with ‘Hermeneutics’ methodology. The study was based on approved methodology and ethical review in December 2018 Result: Fever could be directly matter of death because it should be needed to pay attention for method of treatment, to make research for general medicine of fever, to make research other organs & heart, to take medicine within ice sweet, to reduce fever and to treat through cautery, oily cream and ointment. Conclusion
1. Most diagnostic and pain of fever influence for heart and it depends on process of fever accordance with our research collection.
2. It is possible to consider similarly pain, diagnosis and treatment of heart pneumonia and heart fever based on classification of general heart disease of science of medicine.

Introduction: About 20-30% of patients with acute pancreatitis have a severe disease and mortality rate among inpatients were 15%. There are many causes of acute pancreatitis (AP), but most common cause of AP is an alcohol. According to some studies in our country, alcohol is the number one cause of acute pancreatitis and the mortality rate is 15.3%. Very important for prognosis of disease optimal choice of treatment tactics, detection of infectious evidence of necrotizing pancreatitis. Therefore, based on the above, there is an urgent need to conduct research to address important issues and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol-induced pancreatic necrosis. Goal: Determine the importance of early diagnostic assessment of alcohol induced severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: Research model and research method. We conducted our research using an observational research model and a factual research method.Sampling of research materials will be carried out by targeted sampling. From November 1, 2008 to January 1, 2020, 122 patients who were hospitalized with alcohol-inducedAP were selected and archival documents or medical histories were selected. Statistical analysis was performed using averages and regression analysis methods to calculate the laboratory parameters in the analysis related to the new evaluation system. Results: The minimum age of patients with ANP was 25 and the maximum was 71, with the majority (87.4%) aged 26 to 60 years. When the Person Correlation method calculates the relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality, it is assumed that the weaker the correlation, the higher the amount of alcohol consumed, the lower the cure and the higher the mortality. Of the 31 deaths reported in the study, 24 (77.4%) were hospitalized more than 72 hours after the onset of the disease. Late hospitalization and late treatment of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) disease have been shown to adversely affect the prognosis of the disease. In our study, all parameters were significant, but procalcitonin, serum amylase, serum lipase, serum LDG8 C-reactive protein, serum glucose was found to be higher than the value specified in the evaluation system for the variable (in determining pancreatic necrosis). АNOVA analysis test showed that white blood cells, procalcitonin, serum amilza, serum lipaza, serumglucose, serum LDG, C-reactive protein were higher than those specified in the evaluation system, and that the level of significance for the variable (indicating a severe pancreatitis or poor prognosis) was higher than other test results (P <0.01). According to the new evaluation system, 12 out of 122 patients were classified as A class or 0-3, 69 (56.5%) patients were class B or 4-6, and 41 (33.6%) patients were class C or >7 points. Of the total cases, 90.1% were rated as severe form of ANP and pancreatic necrosis by the classification system we developed. When we assessed the prognosis with the new assessment system, we found that 100 percent of patients in category A were cured, 89.8 percent of patients in category B were cured, and 41.5 percent of patients in category C were cured and 58.5 percent died. Statistical calculations using the correlation analysis method for the correlation between the score and the cure of the evaluation system shows negative correlation (P <0.01) other words, the higher the score of the evaluation system, the lower the cure rate and the higher the mortality rate. Conclusion In Mongolia, relatively young men suffer from alcohol-induced pancreatitis.Factors contributing to the development of necrosis in acute pancreatitis include alcohol abuse, prolonged alcohol use, delayed hospitalization, and delayed treatment.In our study, following clinical signs and laboratory findings are effective in distinguishing severe forms of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, early diagnosis, assessment of prognosis. Laboratorytests include: increase in white blood cells, procalcitonin, serum amylase, serum LDH, serum lipase, C-reactive protein and a decrease in hematocrit, serum calcium.

Introduction: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have a role in the maintenance and promotion of vascular repair and are negatively correlated with coronary atherosclerosis. Goal: To culture of EPC-CFUs during coronary atherosclerosis, evaluate endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) enzyme levels in the culture. Materials and Methods: The 10 ml blood was drawn from the peripheral vein of 12 man patients that stable angina 4, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 4 and healthy people 4. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and EPC-CFUs was assayed after two platings and a 6 day culture on fibronectin coated, 72 well plates, as described. eNOS enzyme titers were determined by ELISA according to the protocol in the cells culture. Results: The people were 52±2.12 years. The number of EPC-CFUs increases with accordance of patients with stable angina, AMI, healthy people with the statistical significance (F=17.3, p<0.001): stable angina (2.6±0.47 colony/well), AMI (6.7±0.81 colony/well), healthy people (10.5±1.34 colony/well). Furthermore, ANOVA test of eNOS enzyme levels in patients with stable angina (5.2±0.61 pg/ml), AMI (8.7±1.49 pg/ml) and healthy people (13.7±2.48 pg/ml). The significant difference (F=6.2, p=0.003) was observed among the three groups. The number of EPC-CFUs had direct significantly correlation (r=0.621, p<0.001) with the eNOS enzyme levels of this culture. Conclusion: Number of EPC-CFUs and eNOS enzyme levels decrease at patient with stable angina, indicate more than endothelial dysfunction. Ethical approval The ethics committee of Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (ID: 6/3/201506, approved on Jan 01, 2015)

Introduction: In 2018, the overall colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate was 3.6%, according to the National Cancer Center of Mongolia (NCCM), and the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased slightly in recent years. According to cancer stages, late stage cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 51%, while early stage cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 79%. The overall survival rate of colorectal cancer in Mongolia has not been studied in precisely. In Asia, the 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer was 60%. Therefore, this study investigated the colorectal cancer survival rate and prognostic factors at NCCM. Methods: A total of 108 patients diagnosed with CRC at NCCM’s General Surgery Department from 2013 to 2015 were used in this retrospective cohort study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to develop the survival graphs, which were then compared using the Log-rank test. Results: The median survival time was 42 months, with a 95% CI (38.55-45.66). A 5-year period, the overall survival rate for CRC was 61.2%. Survival rates at the I, II, III, and IV stages were 100%, 75%, 65.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in CRC survival rates across all stages (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference in determining the relationship between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival rate (p=0.0003). Conclusion The outcome of the surgery is determined by the CRC stage. The postoperative survival rate (61.2%) is directly related to tumor stage, peripheral glandular metastasis, distant metastasis, and chemotherapy effects.