Spent brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was hydrolysed using bovine pancreatictissue as an enzyme source. The resulting hydrolysate contains 4.7% amino nitrogenand the ratio Namin/Ntot was determined as 0.6. Moreover, other physico-chemicalparameters of the hydrolysate were also comparable with the same products on foreignmarkets. Toxicity of hydrolysate is low (LD50 2,5 g/kg), microbiological and heavy metalcontamination were in required range. The IC50 value of obtained yeast hydrolysate’santioxidative activity according to the DPPH assay was 1.6±0.5 mg/ml, while IC¬50 ofthe yeast hydrolysate rich in Cyclo-His-Pro evaluated as 1.9 mg/mL.

BackgroundPreliminary clinical studies indicate that liver extract may be helpful in treating hepatic dysfunction. In addition, liver extract seems to work synergistically with interferon in treating hepatitis C and other viral infections. Laboratory studies indicate that liver extract may have some effects that could be useful in treating certain forms of cancer, such as ability to direct migration of metastasizing cells and inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein formation. More research is needed in these areas to determine liver hydrolysate’s properties.Materials and MethodsSeveral biochemical methods were used for determination of chemical compounds in liver extracts: Total protein and nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method; mineral contents – atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Heme iron content – spectrophotometer; Water soluble vitamins - HPLC method. The pharmacological activities of bovine liver were tested by several pharmacological methods: Acute toxicity – LD50 /Prozorovskii 1978/; Acute hepatitis – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rats /Skakun et al, 1984/; Biochemical parameters in blood serum – Automatic biochemical analyzer.ResultThe values obtained in determination of the biochemical analysis show that 100 g consumption of studied liver hydrolysate can provide 4.3, 2.1 and 0.3 mg vitamin B1, B3 and B9 respectively. Therefore, present data reveal that liver hydrolysate is a good source of most of the analyzed minerals. The liver hydrolysate contains 56.4% total protein and 4.33% amino nutrient.Conclusions:1. From the results of pharmacological study that involves CCl4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver hydrolysate has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.2. When tested, hydrolysate’s pharmacological parameters can be analyzed reliably with several liver damage experimental designs, further improvements or the use of new designs such as anemia is needed in further pharmacological study.

BackgroundLiver protecting effect of liver hydrolysate is studied on CCl4 induced by acute toxic hepatitis on rats compared with “Raw Liver Glandular” which is similar product of “Swanson”, USA. Result was confirmed with histological study.Materials and MethodsCarbon tetrachloride-CCl4 is considered as a direct hepatotoxin which produces centri-lobular necrosis and steatosis. The mechanism of acute toxic hepatitis induced by CCl4 involves lipid peroxidation of membrane bound fatty acids which result in destructing the cell membrane and the intracellular organells of the hepatocyte.Result:As study result, after 7 days CCL4 exposure, experimental group’s serum ALAT (p<0.01), GGT (p<0.05) and ALP (p<0.05) levels decreased rapidly compared with control groups.ConclusionAlthough, liver hydrolysate is not medicine for treatment liver damage, it might be improved regeneration process in the damaged liver cells. As result, histomorphological study came to the following conclusion: in the seventh day of the model of acute toxic hepatitis of the liver in rats, cytoplasm vacuoles of hepatocytes were decreased sharply, hepatocytes became multilateral, “Kupffer cells” were increased, young hepatocytes were streamlined as columnar-cells, capillaries were became visible and was began regeneration. There were reported that bovine and pork protein hydrolysate contains essential amino acids with antioxidant effect which prevents liver cells from oxidative stress. Besides it, liver hydrolysate containing amino acids, vitamin B1, B6, folic acid and some minerals improves metabolism and regeneration process of damaged liver cells.

BACKGROUND. Caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) were released during in vivo digestion process under the influence of the gut proteolytic enzymes. CPPs contain some phosphorylated serine residues which are able to connect calcium ions. This can predict the bone development and osteoporosis prevention effects of CPPs. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In our study we have used acid caseins, from cow and camel milk, which were then hydrolysed using pancreatin preparation in vitro. RESULTS. The AN/TN rate of resulting hydrolysates were 3.8 and 3.2, subsequently. Then CPPs were precipitated by adding calcium chloride and ethanol and the yield of both types of CPPs was the same (16%). The ratio Ca:P were 2.8:1 and 2.7:1 for cow and camel peptide preparations, subsequently. СONCLUSION. These results show the real potential for obtaining calcium substance on the base of CPPs.

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer related death in Mongolia. Early diagnosis is the very important management to increase successful treatment and survival rate. Glypican-3 (GPC3) protein is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and in serum of HCC patients. Recent studies have been conducted and suggested as a diagnostic biomarker for detecting HCC in the early stage. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic value of the serum GPC3 level and compared it to the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level as a diagnostic biomarker of HCC. Methods: We enrolled a total of 90 participants and divided into 3 groups with HCC (30), with liver cirrhosis (LC/30) and healthy (30) as the control group (30). GPC3 and AFP serum (sGPC-3, sAFP) levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and estimated sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker. Results: sGPC3 was significantly elevated in the HCC group as compared to liver cirrhosis and healthy subjects (658±138.2 pg/ml, 378±25.5 pg/ml, 356.3±29 pg/ml) respectively. sGPC-3 sensitivity was 96.6% and specificity was 100%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GPC3 was 0.999 (0.996- 1.0).
In comparison, the mean of AFP was significantly higher in HCC (16.9±11.7 ng/ml) than in LC (6.7±7.6 ng/ml) and in healthy subject (3.3±2.1 ng/ml) and AFP sensitivity was 43,3 %, specificity was 95 % with an AUC of 0.808 (0.696- 0.921).
The combination of GPC-3 with AFP achieved the highest sensitivity (97.1%) and specificity (97%). Conclusion Serum GPC3 has a higher sensitivity than AFP for the early diagnosis of HCC. Combination of two markers showed greatest diagnostic accuracy.