Objective To compare the results of HLA serological typing and gene typing in acuteleukemia before and after achieved complete remission.then make sure whether the HLA matching could be performed before remission of acute leukemia.Methods The peripheral blood samples of 20 patients with acute leukemia at onset and in complete remission were performed for the HLA serological typing and gene typing by complement-dependent microcytotoxicity(CDC)assay and PCR-sequence for specific primer. The class Ⅰ HLA antigens reaction was quoted as NIH score.and paired-sample t test Was performed.The class Ⅰand class Ⅱ HLA allele specificity of acute leukemia at onset Was compared with that in complete remission.Results No absence or change of the class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ HLA allele specificity in acute leukemia was observed before treatment and after complete remission.There were significant differences (P＜0.05) for HLA-A. B and Bw6 reaction at onset from complete remission.The expression of HLA-A, B and Bw6 was significant down-regulated.This phenomenon did not occur on Bw4 (P＞0.05).The relationship of down-regulation of class Ⅰ HLA antigens and the amount of blast in peripheral blood Was not observed.Conclusion HIA typing could be performed by molecular technique when patients with acute leukemia were diagnosed.It would shorten the period of HLA-matching,and increase the opportunity of finding an appropriate allergenic hematopoietic stem cell donor.

The aim of the study is to prepare flurbiprofen axetil nanoemulsion-in situ gel system (FBA/NE-ISG) and observe its ocular pharmacokinetics, rheological behavior, TEM images, irritation and cornea retention. Production of nanoemulsion was based on high-speed shear and homogenization process, and then mixed with gellan gum to prepare FBA/NE-ISG. Rheological study showed that FBA/NE-ISG possesses strong gelation capacity and its viscosity and elastic modulus increases by 2 Pa*s and 5 Pa respectively when mixed with artificial tear at the ratio of 40 : 7. TEM images suggested no significant changes in particle morphology of the pre and post gelation. Good ocular compatibility of FBA/NE-ISG was testified by the irritation test based on histological examination. In vivo fluorescence imaging system was applied to investigate the characteristics of cornea retention, and the results indicated that the nanoemulsion-in situ gel (NE-ISG) prolonged the cornea retention time significantly since K(NE-ISG) (0.008 5 min(-1) was much lower compared with flurbiprofen sodium eye drops (FB-Na, 0.03% w/v) of which the K(Eye drops) was 0.105 2 min(-1), indicated that the cornea retention time of NE-ISG was prolonged significantly. Pharmacokinetics of FBA/NE-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was studied by cornea puncture, the MRT (12.3 h) and AUC(0-12h) (126.8 microg x min x mL(-1)) of FBA/NE-ISG was 2.7 and 2.9 times higher than that of the flurbiprofen sodium eye drops respectively, which meant that the ocular bioavailability was improved greatly by the novel preparation. Therefore, FBA/NE-ISG can enhance the ocular bioavailability by prolonging drug corneal retention significantly. What's more, encapsulated by emulsion droplets prodrug flurbiprofen (FBA) instead of flurbiprofen (FB) can reduce the ocular irritation.

The aim of the study is to prepare flurbiprofen axetil nanoemulsion-in situ gel system (FBA/NE- ISG) and observe its ocular pharmacokinetics, rheological behavior, TEM images, irritation and cornea retention. Production of nanoemulsion was based on high-speed shear and homogenization process, and then mixed with gellan gum to prepare FBA/NE-ISG. Rheological study showed that FBA/NE-ISG possesses strong gelation capacity and its viscosity and elastic modulus increases by 2 Pa?s and 5 Pa respectively when mixed with artificial tear at the ratio of 40∶7. TEM images suggested no significant changes in particle morphology of the pre and post gelation. Good ocular compatibility of FBA/NE-ISG was testified by the irritation test based on histological examination. In vivo fluorescence imaging system was applied to investigate the characteristics of cornea retention, and the results indicated that the nanoemulsion-in situ gel (NE-ISG) prolonged the cornea retention time significantly since KNE-ISG (0.008 5 min-1) was much lower compared with flurbiprofen sodium eye drops (FB-Na, 0.03% w/v) of which the KEye drops was 0.105 2 min-1, indicated that the cornea retention time of NE-ISG was prolonged significantly. Pharmacokinetics of FBA/NE-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was studied by cornea puncture, the MRT (12.3 h) and AUC0→12 h (126.8 ?g?min?mL-1) of FBA/NE-ISG was 2.7 and 2.9 times higher than that of the flrubiprofen sodium eye drops respectively, which meant that the ocular bioavailabilitywas improved greatly by the novel preparation. Therefore, FBA/NE-ISG can enhance the ocular bioavailability by prolonging drug corneal retention significantly. What’s more, encapsulated by emulsion droplets prodrug flurbiprofen (FBA) instead of flurbiprofen (FB) can reduce the ocular irritation.

Aim: To prepare novel cubosome system for effective ocular drug delivery with dexamethasone(DEX) as model drug, and investigate its pharmacokinetic profile in rabbit aqueous humor. Methods: DEX cubosomes was prepared by the method of high-pressure homogenization, and its particle size was determined by the laser particle sizer, and the microstructure observed by cryo-TEM. In addition, Draize method was used to evaluate the ocular irritation of DEX cubosomes. Finally, aqueous humor microdialysis was utilized to evaluate its pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Results: Average diameter of DEX cubosomes was about 200 nm, and the cubic structure of the particles was evident under the cryo-TEM. It was indicated by Draize scores that this dosage form exhibited excellent ocular tolerance. Results of pharmacokinetic profiles in aqueous humor showed that AUC_(0→240) and c_(max) of the rabbit group administered with DEX cubosomes were significantly higher than those of the control group( DEX sodium phosphate eye drops), with AUC_(0→240) of the formulation Fl( 10% oil content) and F2(20% oil content) is being about 1. 8 and 2. 9 times higher than those of the control group, respectively( P <0. 05). Conclusion: The novel ocular drug delivery system of DEX cubosomes was capable of increasing significantly the drug concentration in aqueous humor, and improving the ocular bioavailability.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel on the patients with advanced malignance in more than the third-lines (including the third-lines).Methods 34 patients with advanced malignance diagnosed by pathological evidence accepted more than the third-lines (including the third-lines) chemotherapy containing albumin-bound paclitaxel after failure of chemotherapy.The efficacy and safety were observed.Results Totally 110 cycles chemotherapy were completed,with a mean of 3.24 cycles in each of the 34 patients.No CR patients,12 cases of PR,9 cases of SD and 13 cases of PD were found.The response rate (RR) was 35.29 ％ (12/34) and the disease control rate (DCR) was 61.76 ％ (21/34).The main toxicity was hematologic toxicity,including neutropenia in 26 cases (76.47 ％),anemia in 14 cases (41.18 ％) and thrombocytopenia in 3 cases (8.82 ％).Other common adverse reactions included alopecia in 27 patients (79.41％) and muscle and joint pain in 15 cases (44.18 ％).Conclusions The albumin-bound paclitaxel is effective and tolerable in patients with advanced malignance in more than the third-lines (include the thirdlines) chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate effects of ropivacaine combined with different concentrations of fentanyl for epidural labor analgesia. Methods In this multicenter double-blinded randomized study 128 parturients at full term and 2-3 cm of cervical dilatation who requested epidural analgesia were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups: group F0 received epidural ropivacaine alone (n = 33); group F1 received epidural ropivacaine with fentanyl 1 ?g?ml-1 (n = 30) ; group F2 epidural ropivacaine + fentanyl 2?g?ml-1(n = 33) and group F3 epidural ropivacaine + fentanyl 3 ?g?ml-1(n = 32). Epidural catheter was placed at L2,3 and advanced 4 cm into the epidural space in cephalad direction. A bolus of 15 ml of ropivacaine alone or with fentanyl was given after correct epidural placement was confirmed. EC50 of epidural ropivacaine was determined by up-and-down sequential experiment. The initial concentration of epidural ropivacaine was 0. 12% . If effective the next parturient received ropivacaine of lower concentration; if ineffective the ropivacaine concentration was increased. Each time the concentration of epidural ropivacaine increased/decreased by 0.01% . The analgesia was assessed using VAS score (0-10 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) . If VAS score was less than 3 within 30 min of ropivacaine administration, analgesia was defined as effective. EC50 of ropivacaine was calculated according to Dixon and Massey. Results Four of the 128 parturients enrolled were excluded because of uncertain results of interrupted observation. The EC50 of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of EC50 were 0.110% (95% CI 0.109 0%-0.111 6%) in group F0; 0.089% (95% CI 0.087 7%-0.091 1%) in group F1; 0.073% (95% CI 0. 071 7%-0.0744%) in group F2 and 0.060% (95% CI 0.056 0%-0.634%) in group F3 respectively. The EC50 was significantly higher in group F0 than in group F1, F2 and F3 (P0.05) . The incidence of side-effect was significantly higher in group F3 than in group F0(P

The three links theory" refers to the three key links in an emergency medical services system, viz. pre-hospital first-aid system, hospital emergency care system, and the ICU system. The construction of an emergency medical services system in China ought to be guided by the three links theory so as to set up a practical and highly efficient emergency medical services system, an instantly operating monitoring system, a smooth and real-time information system, a rational and long-lasting system of laws and contingency plans, and a system for cultivating universalists. The goal is to build an emergency green passage in the hospital.

AIM: To determine the median effective dose(ED50) of spinal anesthesia 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean section. METHODS: Thirty-two ASAⅠ-Ⅱ parturients undergoing elective cesarean section delivery with use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The initial dose of was 12.8 mg of 0.75% ropivacaine, and the dosing intervals were 98.4% of the preceding dosage. Doses for subsequent parturients were determined by the response of the previous parturient. Successful anesthesia was defined as a loss of sensation to an acupuncture stimulus at the T7 level, full motor blockade within 10 minutes after administration of the local anesthetic, analgesia of incision and the satisfaction of skelaxin evaluated by one operator. ED50 and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined with use of Dixon method. RESULTS: Five parturients were rejected out the study because of doubtful anesthsia. According to the rest twenty-seven parturients' data, the ED50 of intrathecal 0.75% ropivacaine was 11.97 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.75-12.19 mg). CONCLUSION: The ED50 of spinal 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean delivery under the conditions of this study were 11.97 mg.

Objective In this study,we cooperated CVVH(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration)in treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS)and investigated the efficacy of CVVH in treatment of ARDS.Methods From May 2002 to Nov.2005,76 ARDS patients were involved.CVVH was carried out continuously for at least 24 hours.During CVVH,the patients' conditions were observed.Blood gas analysis and serum concentrations of endotoxin were detected.Results After CVVH,the patients' symptoms such as panting and cyanosis were remission.APACHE Ⅱscore decreased significantly.After six hours of CVVH,serum concentration of endotoxin was decreased significantly.Conclusion CVVH is effective in redressing the hypoxemia and relieving the patients' condition.

Objective: To explore the possible relationships of adolescent personality traits, personality deviation and parental rearing pattern. Methods: 393 students from a high school in ShanDong were tested by PACL and EMBU. Re- sults: Generally, adolescent personality traits showed different profiles while factors of EMBU varied in different levels; Antisocial personality deviation was greatly influenced by parental warmth and understanding factor, father's punishment and rigor, father's overprotection. Schizoid personality deviation was mainly influenced by parental warmth and under- standing. Passive- aggressive personality dysfunction was influenced by father's warmth and understanding. Conclusion: Adolescent personality deviation is greatly influenced by parental rearing.