This study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. After 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMZ; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse IFN-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic and electron microscopic findings of the lungs, and number of P. carinii cysts by Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Body weights of the mice were significantly increased in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma or gamma-globulin, and in the group of TMP-SMZ treatment (p < 0.05), however, little effect was found in the group of gamma-globulin alone. Histopathologic findings of P. carinii pneumonia were much improved in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma. Treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the number of cysts in the P. carinii pneumonia, but gamma-globulin alone was ineffective. In electron microscopic findings of P. carinii pneumonia, the number of trophozoites and cysts were reduced by treatment with either TMP-SMZ or IFN-gamma, and most of the cysts were empty or containing one or two intracystic bodies. The present results suggested, that combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with IFN-gamma had synergistic effects in treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in experimental mice.
Drug-Synergism ; Drug-Therapy,-Combination ; English-Abstract ; Gamma-Globulins-administration-and-dosage ; Interferon-Type-II-administration-and-dosage ; Mice- ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination-administration-and-dosage ; *Gamma-Globulins-therapeutic-use ; *Interferon-Type-II-therapeutic-use ; *Pneumonia,-Pneumocystis-carinii-therapy ; Gamma-Globulins ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Combination ; Interferon-Type-II

Kawasaki disease is a multisystem disorder with varying clinical expression. This is a report on one case of Kawasaki disease which during its clinical course developed facial nerve palsy and spontaneous recovery without specific treatment. It is hoped that this report will serve to remind physicians of the association of facial nerve paralysis with Kawasaki disease.
Aspirin/administration & dosage ; Case Report ; Facial Paralysis/*etiology ; Female ; Gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage ; Human ; Infant ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of high-dose gamma globulin pulse therapy for abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).

METHODSThirty-three children with abdominal HSP were randomly assigned to dexamethasone group (15 children) and gamma globulin group (18 children). The children in the dexamethasone group were treated with dexamethasone and conventional treatment, and those in the gamma globulin group were treated with high-dose gamma globulin pulse therapy in addition to the conventional treatment. Clinical outcome and recurrence rate were observed in both groups.

RESULTSCompared with the dexamethasone group, the gamma globulin group had a significantly shorter onset time of rash, a significantly shorter time to complete regression of rash, a significantly shorter time to abdominal pain remission, and a significantly shorter time to disappearance of bloody stool, as well as comparable time to vomiting remission and length of hospital stay. The gamma globulin group had a significantly higher response rate than the dexamethasone group (95% vs 65%; P<0.05) and a significantly lower recurrence rate within 6 months than the dexamethasone group (5.6% vs 33.3%; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHigh-dose gamma globulin pulse therapy has a marked clinical effect in the treatment of abdominal HSP. It is safe and reliable and has a low recurrence rate, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dexamethasone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; drug therapy ; Recurrence ; gamma-Globulins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and vitamin C on the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM).

METHODSFifty-two Balb/c mice were randomized into six groups: The blank group received no treatment, the remaining 5 groups were immunized with 100mug emulsified porcine myosin at d 1 and d 7. Different agents were injected from d 1, SVitC group:150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; LVitC group: 300 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; IVIG group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG; IVIG+VitC group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG and 150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; The control group same volume of normal saline. All mice were sacrificed at d 21, and serum TNF-alpha levels were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ratio of heart to body weight(C/W), spleen to body weight(S/W) and kidney to body weigh(R/W) were calculated. The spleens and heart were examined pathologically and/or immunohistochemically.

RESULTCompared with those of control group, inflammatory cells infiltration in the myocardium and calcification in the pericardiume in SVitC and LVitC groups were extenuated. There were inflammatory cells infiltrating in the myocardium sparely and no calcification in the pericardium in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. The size of spleens enlarged especially in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. White and red pulps of spleens were hyperplastic microscopically. The C/W of treatment groups decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The S/W of therapy groups and control group was significantly higher than that of blank group; and the S/W of IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups was significantly higher than that of SVitC and LVitC groups. The R/W in each groups had no significant difference. The TNF-alpha level in SVitC and LVitC groups was a little lower than that in control group; TNF-alpha level in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups was significantly lower than that of control group. Wide fluorescence stripe was found along extracellular matrix surrounding the damaged cardiomyocytes of control group. Both density and intensity of fluorescence in SVitC and LVitC groups were lower than those of control group. There were much wider fluorescence stripe and strengthened intensity in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups. The myofilaments were in wild disorder and sarcomere had severe breakage in control group. Moreover, chondriosome hypertrophy and vacuolar degeneration were found. The damage lessened in SVitC and LVitC groups. Both myofilaments and sarcomeres in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups were almost normal, and the chondriosome was normal.

CONCLUSIONIVIG and vitamin C have some protective and therapeutic effect on the progression of EAM by decreasing pathological damage of myocardium and depressing TNF-alpha production, and IVIG combined with vitamin C is more effective.

Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Autoimmune Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; gamma-Globulins ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous injection of low-dose versus high-dose gamma globulin combined with glucocorticoid pulse therapy in the treatment of children with moderate/severe acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

METHODSA total of 100 children with moderate/severe acute GBS were randomly assigned to low-dose group (n=48) and high-dose group (n=52). The children in the low-dose and high-dose groups were treated with 0.2 g/(kg · d) and 0.4 g/(kg · d) gamma globulin respectively combined with methylprednisolone. The two groups were compared in terms of the time to improvements of symptoms after treatment, serum levels of inflammatory factors, proportion of children undergoing invasive ventilation, treatment response rate, and adverse events.

RESULTSAfter 5 days of treatment, the low- and high-dose groups had significant reductions in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein, and there were no significant differences in the reductions of these markers between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the time to recovery of respiratory muscle paralysis, time to an improvement in muscle strength of one grade, time to recovery of sensory disturbance, and length of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the treatment response rate between the low- and high-dose groups (90% vs 92%). There were also no significant differences in the incidence rates of pyrexia, headache, nausea, and palpitation between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSLow-dose versus high-dose gamma globulin combined with methylprednisolone pulse therapy have comparable clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of children with moderate/severe acute GBS.

Adolescent ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; gamma-Globulins ; administration & dosage