OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to improve understanding and treatment of pathological gambling by comparing levels of stress, coping styles, depression, 'Gambling attitudes and Beliefs' in pathological gamblers to groups of non-pathological gambling controls. METHODS: Pathological gambling was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Scale, depression by the Beck Depression Inventory, stress by Daily Hassles Scales, attitude and belief about gambling by the Gambling Attitude and Belief Scale and coping styles by Problem-focused Styles of Coping Inventory. RESULTS: Pathological gamblers reported significantly higher level of stress, depression, the Gambling Attitude and Belief, craving and more maladaptive styles of coping (reactive and suppressive) than control groups. Pathological gambler's use of maladaptive coping was disappeared when depression was controlled. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that pathological gambler's maladaptive styles of coping might close related to depression, and treatment which is designed to improve depression and their ability to engage in reflective coping when stressors arise will be helpful. Further longitudinal studies may clarify the ways in which pathological gambler's depression and coping styles interact over time.
Depression* ; Gambling ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Gambling* ; Humans ; Inpatients*

No abstract available.
Gambling* ; Humans ; Inpatients*

OBJECTIVES: In our studies, we have made efforts to compare illness representation among the pathological gamblers, social gamblers, the family members of gambler, the gambling industry employees, and general adults and to investigate what kinds of illness representation make an estimate of therapy intention. METHODS: 222 gambling users, 125 family members of gambler, 95 employees in gambling industry, and 1383 general adults were included in this study. Symptom representation, negative characteristic representation, negative consequence representation, internal and external attribution representation, spontaneous recovery representation, recovery representation through therapeutic help of speciality, time lapse representation were constructed and included for illness representation of pathological gambling. RESULTS: 1) Pathological gamblers had lower symptoms, negative characteristics, negative consequences and therapeutic help seeking representation than other groups, on the other hand higher external attribution representation and spontaneous recovery representation. 2) Families of problem gambler have inconsistent characteristics higher external attribution and negative consequences and lower therapeutic help seeking representation. 3) It was founded that negative consequences representation and external representation were low in gambling industry employees. 4) The more symptom representation increased and external attribution decreased, the more therapeutic intention increased in case of problem gamblers and their families. CONCLUSION: Pathological gamblers have the lowest awareness and acceptance on mental problem caused by excessive gambling. However, suggested that family members of gambler and gambling industry employees also have partially self defensive and contradicted representations. It was suggested that awareness on severity of symptom and internal attribution representation needs to be increased in order to participate therapeutic place.
Adult ; Gambling* ; Hand ; Humans ; Intention

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of cognitive distortion, depression, and gambling severity and to identify the influences of cognitive distortion and depression on gambling severity in Koreans with a gambling disorder. METHODS: The participants in this study were 150 Koreans with a gambling disorder. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Gambling severity had a significant correlation with gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling (r=.29, p<.001) and depression (r=.34, p<.001). Among predictors, depression (β=.24, p=.035) and type of housing tenure (β=.26, p=.022) had statistically significant influence on gambling severity. The explanatory power of this regression model was 17.0% (F=3.72, p=.003). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that interventions to decrease depression are essential to decrease the gambling severity of Koreans with gambling disorder.
Cognition ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gambling* ; Housing

PURPOSE: In this study the fitness of a path model was examined for relationships among loneliness, motives for gambling, gambling risk factor, self-efficacy to control gambling, and low level gambling behavior in college students. METHODS: Participants were 410 college students selected from 4 universities and data collection was done between September 22 and October 24, 2014 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. RESULTS: Motives for gambling, self-efficacy to control gambling, directly affected college students' low level gambling behavior, while loneliness, gambling risk factor, gambling motives affected it indirectly. This study also showed that the modified path model is efficient and appropriate to analyze college students' low level gambling behavior. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that college students' low level gambling behavior can be decreased by reducing loneliness, gambling motives, gambling risk factor and increasing self-efficacy to control gambling. Thus, in order to prevent college students' low level gambling behavior, there is a need to design an intervention program which focuses on reducing loneliness, gambling motives, gambling risk factor, and on reinforcing self-efficacy to control gambling.
Data Collection ; Gambling* ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean translation of Gambling Symptom Rating Scale (KG-SAS). METHODS: Using self-report sampling, we eventually included 231 subjects and analysed 70 subjects. These subjects were tested for KG-SAS and the Korean version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). RESULTS: In the reliability test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .913 which provided the evidence for the internal consistency. Content validity was assessed with factor analysis and two factors were extracted. Compared with the original scale, both scales embody the same theoretical conceptualization. To assess the validity of the KG-SAS, correlation coefficient was calculated between the KG-SAS and the Korean version of BIS. We got the result that there was a correlation between the KG-SAS and the Korean version of BIS (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support that the KG-SAS is a reliable and valid scale for evaluating pathological gambling symptom assessment. Based on the results, this study suggests that KG-SAS would be a promising measurement to treat and study pathological gambling.
Gambling* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Symptom Assessment* ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the impact of executive function on the performance of two different affective tasks, the Facial Affect Identification Task (FAIT) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls completed the FAIT and the IGT, followed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the intelligence quotient (IQ) test. In addition to correlation analysis, regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which the performance of the WCST, in particular, perseverative error (PE), accounted for the variation in both the FAIT and the IGT. RESULTS: Relative to normal controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significant impairments in the IGT, the FAIT and the WCST even after controlling for IQ. While normal controls did not show any relationships between the WCST and two affective tasks, patients with schizophrenia showed that variables in the WCST correlated not only with the FAIT total correct score (r=-0.503, p=0.001 for PE) but also with the IGT net score (r=0.385, p=0.016 for PE). The PE score was a better predictor of the performance on the FAIT (R2=0.25) than that of the performance on the IGT (R2=0.15). CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that deficits in executive function in schizophrenia can affect performance on facial emotion recognition task more than performance on task based on emotion experience, that is, the feedback from the body. Therefore, more consideration is needed of the impact of executive function when interpreting the result of "conventional" facial affect recognition tests as opposed to interpreting the IGT.
Executive Function ; Gambling ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Iowa ; Schizophrenia ; Wisconsin

Pathologic gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder (ICD) or dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). ICD/DDS is presumed to be related to dopaminergic treatment in PD. Although increasing number of patients with ICD/DDS is being reported, ICD/DDS such as PG has not been reported in Korean PD patients. We describe a PD patient who developed PG secondary to dose adjustment of levodopa and pramipexole. His symptoms was controlled by reducing the dopaminergic drugs and adding a small amount of atypical antipsychotics.
Benzothiazoles ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agents ; Gambling ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the personal, familial, and environmental variables that affect low level gambling behavior in university students. METHODS: The participants were 389 students in 4 universities. Data were obtained from these participants through self-report questionnaires, administered between August 19 and September 13, 2013 and data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 programs. RESULTS: The significant predictors of low level gambling behavior in university students were self-control, family strengths, social motives, amusement motives, number of gambling peers, onset of gambling, irrational gambling beliefs, gambling experience of father, mother and peers, and risk taking. These personal, familial and environmental variables explained 65.5% of the variance in low level gambling behavior. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicate that, for university students to decrease gambling behavior, intervention programs that manage gambling experience of family and peers should be developed with an emphasis on decreasing irrational gambling beliefs, social motives, amusement motives, and risk taking behavior and increasing self-control and family strengths.
Fathers ; Gambling* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk-Taking