OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of four acids compounds including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin and ellagic acid in Erodium Stephanianum.

METHODThe RP-HPLC separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was methanol (A) -water containing 0.4% H3PO4 (B) with gradient elution mode at the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 259 nm, and the column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe liner ranges of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin and ellagic acid were 0.059-2.360 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), 0.017-0.672 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), 0.351-14.040 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), and 0.151-6.040 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) were 99.45% (RSD 1.5%), 98.65% (RSD 1.7%), 100.3% (RSD 2.0%), and 98.90% (RSD 1.2%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used for quality control of Erodium stephanianum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ellagic Acid ; analysis ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Geraniaceae ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seed of Juglans regia.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20, Toyopaerl HW-40 and MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds obtained from the 70% ethanol extract were identified as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-3-D-glucose (1), rugosin C (2), 1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-O-galloyl-3-D-glugose (3), tellimagrandin II (4), casuarictin (5), 1-degalloylrugosin F (6).

CONCLUSIONAll compouds were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.

Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; Juglans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory activities of caffeoyl glucopyranoses purified from Balanophora japonica Makino on HIV entry and their mechanism.

METHODSHIV-1 Env pseudovirus was used to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of those compounds. ELISA and molecular docking were used to study the mechanism of the actions of the active compounds.

RESULTSWe used the HIV-1 Env pseudovirus to test the anti-HIV-1 activity of the six phenolic compounds (final concentration 25 microg/ml), and found that only 1,2,6-Tri-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (TCGP) and 1,3-Di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-beta-D- glucopyranose (DCGGP) could effectively inhibit the entry of HIV-1 Env pseudovirus into the target cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 5.5-/+0.2 and 5.3-/+0.1 microg/ml, respectively. These two compounds could also blocked the gp41 six-helix bundle formation. Molecular docking analysis suggested that they might bind to the hydrophobic cavity of the gp41 N-trimeric coiled-coil.

CONCLUSIONTCGP and DCGGP are potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting gp41 and can serve as lead compounds for developing novel anti-HIV-1 microbicides for prevention of sexual HIV-1 transmission.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Balanophoraceae ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seeds of Juglans regia.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20 and Toyopaerl HW-40 MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.

RESULTThe compounds obtained from the 70% acetone extract were identified as gemin D (1), casuariin (2), pedunculagin (3), tellimagrandin I (4), rugosin F (5), heterophylliin D (6).

CONCLUSIONAll other compounds which were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.

Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Juglans ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

Propyl gallste and other gallic acid esters are used as antioxidants in lipsticks, lip balms and salves, cosmetic creams and lotions, bakery products, edible fats and other pharmaceutical and industrial products. Propyl gallate is used widely but allergic contact dermatits from propyl gallate is rare. A 44-year-old female patient had pruritic multiple tiny erythematous papules and vesicles on the margin of her lip for a week. We found that the causative material of the allergic contact cheilitis was propyl gallate. We proved it with a patch test, provocation use test and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the lipstick. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of lipstick allergic contact cheilitis from propyl gallate in Korean literature.
Adult ; Antioxidants ; Cheilitis* ; Esters ; Fats ; Female ; Gallic Acid ; Humans ; Lip ; Ointments ; Patch Tests ; Propyl Gallate*

To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensis extract (GCE) by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component(s) in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the development of future anticaries agents, main organic composition of GCE was qualitatively determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and F was especially measured by ion chromatography. Then, bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 times. Each cycle included 5-min applications with one of four treatments: 4 g⋅L(-1) GCE solution, 4 g⋅L(-1) gallic acid (GA) solution, 1 g⋅L(-1) NaF solution (positive control), deionized water (DDW, negative control), and then 60-min application in pH 5.0 acidic buffer and 5-min application in neutral buffer. Acidic buffers were retained for calcium analysis. The main organic composition of GCE were GA and its isomer, and, to a lesser extent, small molecule gallotannins. The content of GA in GCE was 71.3%±0.2% (w/w). Inorganic ions were present in various amounts, of which Ca was (136±2.82) µg⋅g(-1), and Zn was (6.8±0.1) µg⋅g(-1). No F was detected in GCE. In pH cycling, GA showed an effect similar to GCE in inhibiting enamel demineralization (P>0.05). GA was found to be the main effective, demineralization inhibiting component of GCE and could be a promising agent for the development of anticaries agents.
Animals ; Calcium ; analysis ; Cariostatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Dental Enamel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Polyphenols ; analysis ; Random Allocation ; Tooth Demineralization ; prevention & control

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, each of which were treated with a remineralization solution (positive control), deionized water (negative control), or 4 000 mg⋅L(-1) aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract. The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days. During the first 4 days, the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications. The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days. Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope. Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed. Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens (P<0.05). The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion (P<0.05). In addition, the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution (P<0.05). No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed (P>0.05). So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions, indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.
Animals ; Cariostatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cattle ; Dentin ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Gallic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; therapeutic use ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Polarization ; Polyphenols ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Root Caries ; drug therapy ; Tooth Remineralization

OBJECTIVEThe influence of processing methods on chemical constituents in Radix Paeoniae Alba was observed.

METHODA HPLC method was used for analyzing the changes of eight major constituents, namely gallic acid, paeoniflorin sulfonate, catechin, paeoniflorin sulfonate, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, pentagalloylglucose and benzoylpaeoniflorin, with the three processing procedures of decorticating, boiling and fumigating by burning of sulphur. Analysis was performed using a Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile (A) and 0.015% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase in gradient mode. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm and the column temperature was at 30 degrees C.

RESULTExcept for gallic acid and pentagalloylglucose, the other constituents decreased during procedure of decorticating and boiling. Fumigating by burning of sulphur would produce a new compound, paeoniflorin sulfonate, which was a byproduct from the reaction of paeoniflorin with SO2.

CONCLUSIONThe significant changes were produced in chemical constituents of Radix Paeoniae Alba during three processing procedures. Therefore, the processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba should be strictly controlled and standardized.

Benzoates ; analysis ; chemistry ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Molecular Structure ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sulfur ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Gallic Acid/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Senotherapeutics ; Stem Cells

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC fingerprint for quality evaluation of Cortex Moutan.

METHODThe HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of 30 lots of Cortex Moutan was established and major peaks were identified by LC-MS and MS-MS.

RESULTThe HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Moutan was established, showing 15 characteristic peaks. The areas of these peaks were found to complied with the following rule: paeonol > 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-glucos > methyl gallate > galloylpaeoniflorin > gallic acid > oxypaeoniflorin > other compounds.

CONCLUSIONThe chromatographic fingerprinting of Cortex Moutan with high specificity can be used to control its quality and monitor lot to lot consistency.

Acetophenones ; analysis ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; classification ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control