OBJECTIVETo develop an UPLC method for the determination of leonurine in traditional Chinese medicines.

METHODAn Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm) with 1.7 microm particle size was used. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.0) in gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1) and the chromatograpic run time was 18 min for one sample.

RESULTThe results showed that there was significant difference in the content of leonurine in the leonurus products from different pharmaceutical companies. The leonurine content in those products is in the range of 45.6-193 microg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, reproducible and reliable. It can be used to control the quality of related drugs.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Leonurus ; chemistry

The anti-endotoxic effect of syringic acid (SA) isolated from Radix Isatidis (Banlangen, BLG) was studied. SA was extracted and isolated from BLG and diluted into 1% solution. The content of SA-pretreated endotoxin (ET) was quantitatively determined using Limulus test. The ability of fever induction of ET pretreated with SA was measured using endotoxin-induced fever test in rabbits. The LPS-induced death in mice pretreated with and without SA was compared. Results showed that after pretreatment with SA, 83.16% of ET was destroyed, the ET-induced fever in rabbits relieved markedly and the LPS-induced death rate in mice dropped from 68% to 20%. It was concluded that SA isolated from BLG had anti-endotoxic effects.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Endotoxemia/blood ; Endotoxins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Escherichia coli ; Gallic Acid/*analogs & derivatives ; Gallic Acid/*pharmacology ; Isatis/*chemistry ; Limulus Test ; Plant Roots/chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Acer truncatum.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified as p-sitosterol (1), beta-amyrin (2), beta-amyrin acetate (3), 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (4), astragalin (5), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside (6), and quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (7).

CONCLUSIONAll of compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Acer ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seed of Juglans regia.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20, Toyopaerl HW-40 and MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds obtained from the 70% ethanol extract were identified as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-3-D-glucose (1), rugosin C (2), 1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-O-galloyl-3-D-glugose (3), tellimagrandin II (4), casuarictin (5), 1-degalloylrugosin F (6).

CONCLUSIONAll compouds were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.

Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; chemistry ; Juglans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

To investigate the effects of leonurine(Leo) on abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats and its mechanism. A rat model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy was established by AAC method. After 27-d intervention with high-dose(30 mg·kg~(-1)) and low-dose(15 mg·kg~(-1)) Leo or positive control drug losartan(5 mg·kg~(-1)), the cardiac function was evaluated by hemodynamic method, followed by the recording of left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVESP), as well as the maximum rate of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure(±dp/dt_(max)). The degree of left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed based on heart weight index(HWI) and left ventricular mass index(LVWI). Myocardial tissue changes and the myocardial cell diameter(MD) were measured after hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The contents of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1 R) in myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. The level of Ca~(2+) in myocardial tissue was determined by colorimetry. The protein expression levels of phospholipase C(PLC), inositol triphosphate(IP3), AngⅡ, and AT1 R were assayed by Western blot. Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was employed to determine the mRNA expression levels of β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC), atrial natriuretic factor(ANF), AngⅡ, and AT1 R. Compared with the model group, Leo decreased the LVSP, LVEDP, HWI, LVWI and MD values, but increased ±dp/dt_(max) of the left ventricle. Meanwhile, it improved the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the protein expression levels of PLC, IP3, AngⅡ, AT1 R, as well as the mRNA expression levels of β-MHC, ANF, AngⅡ, AT1 R, c-fos, and c-Myc in myocardial tissue. Leo inhibited AAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy possibly by influencing the RAS system.
Angiotensin II/metabolism* ; Animals ; Cardiomegaly/genetics* ; Gallic Acid/analogs & derivatives* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo develop a simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the separation and determination of four active organic acids including salicylic acid, syringic acid, benzoic acid, and anthranilic acid in Radix Isatidis.

METHODThe HPCE system consisted of a fused-silica capillary column of 47.3 cm (38.3 cm to the detector) x50 microm i.d. and a mixture ofacetonitrile-borate buffer (15% acetonitrile, 25 mmol L(-1) borate, 15 mmol L(-1) beta-CD, pH 9.10) solution as the operating buffer. The applied voltage was 11.5 kV and the UV detection was set at 220 nm. The effects of the applied voltage, detection wavelength, and the pH of buffer, the concentration of buffer, acetonitrile and beta-CD were investigated.

RESULTThe linear calibration rang was 3.0-90 mg L(-1) (r=0.9994) for salylic acid, 4.0-120 mg L(-1) (r=0.9995) for syringic acid, 2.0-60 mg L(-1) (r=0.9998) for benzoic acid and 5.0-100 mg L(-1) (r=0.9992) for anthranilic acid. The recoveries of salylic acid, syringic acid, benzoic acid and anthranilic acid were 95.9%-102.6%, 98.6%-103.4%, 98.7%-104.1%, 96.1%-104.3% respectively. The detection limits of salylic acid, syringic acid, benzoic acid and anthranilic acid were 0.7, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 mg L(-1), respectively.

Benzoic Acid ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Linear Models ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salicylic Acid ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ortho-Aminobenzoates ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory activities of caffeoyl glucopyranoses purified from Balanophora japonica Makino on HIV entry and their mechanism.

METHODSHIV-1 Env pseudovirus was used to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of those compounds. ELISA and molecular docking were used to study the mechanism of the actions of the active compounds.

RESULTSWe used the HIV-1 Env pseudovirus to test the anti-HIV-1 activity of the six phenolic compounds (final concentration 25 microg/ml), and found that only 1,2,6-Tri-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (TCGP) and 1,3-Di-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-beta-D- glucopyranose (DCGGP) could effectively inhibit the entry of HIV-1 Env pseudovirus into the target cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 5.5-/+0.2 and 5.3-/+0.1 microg/ml, respectively. These two compounds could also blocked the gp41 six-helix bundle formation. Molecular docking analysis suggested that they might bind to the hydrophobic cavity of the gp41 N-trimeric coiled-coil.

CONCLUSIONTCGP and DCGGP are potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting gp41 and can serve as lead compounds for developing novel anti-HIV-1 microbicides for prevention of sexual HIV-1 transmission.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Balanophoraceae ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Lysidice brevicalyx.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents such as column chromatography on silica gel, Rp-silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the leaves of L. brevicalyx and these compounds were elucidated as 2-0-[1-(3-methylbutyryl)phloroglucin-ol]-beta-D-glucopynanoside (1), 3-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4, 5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (2), benzyl alcohol O-beta-D-glucopyra noside (3), polydatin (4), quercetin-3-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), ethyl gallate (6), benzyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinofurano syl-beta-D-glucopynanoside (7).

CONCLUSIONAll Compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 3, 5-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; Monosaccharides ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Corallodiscus flabellata.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel column chromatography and identified on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds were obtained and identified as vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, isoacteoside, ferulic acid.

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical compounds in leaves of Mallotus furetianus.

METHODThe chemical components were isolated by solvent extraction and chromatography. The structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical constant and spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as 3-Hydroxy-4, 5 (R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (I), gallic acid (II), (6S, 9R)-roseoside (III), (Z)-3-Hexenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), 3, 4, 8, 9, 10-Pentahydroxy-dibenzo [b, d] pyran-6-one (V), friedelinol (VI), beta- sitosterol (VII), friedelin (VIII).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I - VIII were obtained for the first time from this plant.

Gallic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mallotus Plant ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification