AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Lagopsis supina.

METHODSCompounds were isolated by column chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and the structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTSTwo compounds were isolated and elucidated as apigenin-7-O-(6"-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (I) and apigenin-7-O-(3",6"-di-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (II).

CONCLUSIONI and II are new compounds.

Apigenin ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Peperomia dindygulensis.

METHODSeveral column chromatographic methods were used to isolated compounds from P. dindygulensis and spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, 1D- HOHAHA, NOE) were used to identify the structures of isolated compounds.

RESULTCompound 1 was isolated and identified as 2"-O-beta-D-galactosylisoswertisin.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound.

Chromatography, Affinity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavones ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Galactosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Peperomia ; chemistry ; Porosity

Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfection is a promising method for gene therapy. In this study, the transfection efficiency and histological patterns were evaluated in rat lung after intravenous administration via femoral vein of naked plasmid DNA, naked plasmid DNA with pretreatment of DOTAP, and DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex. Plasmid DNA encoding bacterial LacZ gene was used. For quantification of LacZ gene expression, -galactosidase assay was performed. For histologic examination, X-gal staining and immunohistochemical staining for transfected gene products were performed. Pretreatment of DOTAP prior to the infusion of naked plasmid DNA increased transfection efficiency up to a level comparable to DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex injection. Transfected genes were mainly expressed in type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in all animals. We conclude that the high transfection efficiency is achievable by intravenous administration of naked plasmid DNA with pretreatment of DOTAP, to a level comparable to DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex. In this regard, naked plasmid DNA administration with pretreatment of DOTAP could be a more feasible option for intravenous gene transfer than DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex, in that the former is technically easier and more cost-effective than the latter with a comparable efficacy, in terms of intravenous gene delivery to the lung.
Animal ; DNA/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Galactosides/analysis ; *Gene Therapy ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Indoles/analysis ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung/*metabolism ; Male ; *Plasmids ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; *Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Stellaria media.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with various column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were determined by modem spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, ESI-MS).

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1), apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), apigenin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-beta-L-arabinopyranoside (3), apigenin 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-galactopyranoside (4), apigenin 6, 8-di-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were obtained from Stellaria genus for the first time.

Apigenin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Stellaria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by using RA polystyrene resin, polyamide and silica gel column chromatography, The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physic-chemical properties and spectra data.

RESULTSix compounds were identified as syringaresinol4-O-beta-D-monoglucoside (I), sy-ringaresinol-4,4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucoside (II), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl)-galactopyranoside (III), 2"-p-coumarylastragalin (IV), takakin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (V), beta-daucosterol (VI).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I-V were obtained from genus Dracocephalum for the first time.

Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To perform the proteome analysis of conditioned medium prepared from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers by 2-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and mass spectrometry and to find out the possible differentiation-inhibitory factor in conditioned medium. METHODS: Feeder layers were prepared by 60Co gamma-irradiation on mouse embryonic fibroblast. Insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite supplemented medium was used to culture the feeder layers for 24 hours. The condioned medium prepared from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers were made into powder by lyophilization, the redissolved solution was applied to Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography, and then cold acetone was used to precipitate the proteins in the eluted solution. The protein samples were applied to 2D electrophoresis. The 2D images were analyzed by 2D image analysis software. Selected protein spots were digested by trypsin, analyzed by mass spectrometry, and then searched against the NCBInr batabase using Mascot MS/MS Ions Search. RESULTS: The protein samples extracted from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers conditioned medium could be used for 2D electrophoresis. On 2D images, there were (221+/-67) spots. Most of the proteins were located in the region of MW 20 approximately 70 kD, pI 4 approximately 8. Using mass spectrometry, we preliminarily identified 13 spots: 3 keratins, 3 transferrins, 1 trypsin precursor, 2 unknown proteins (3 spots), 1 connexin 46, 1 beta-galactoside binding protein, and 1 secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine. CONCLUSION Conditioned medium prepared from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers contain beta-galactoside binding protein and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; chemistry ; Cysteine ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Proteome

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with normal Todaro.

METHODSphase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data (MS, NMR, HMBC and HMQC).

RESULTSFour compounds were isolated and identified as 1-O-beta-D-gl ucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E, 8Z) -2-N-(2'-hydroxydocosanoyl) eicosasphinga-4,8-dienine (1), 1-O-beta-D-galactosyl-(6-->1)-alpha-D-galactosyl-2,3-O-dihexadecanoyl-glycerol (2), succinic acid (3), D-mannitol (4).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 2 are new compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Ferns ; chemistry ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycerides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo further investigate the flavonoids of Rhododendron anthopogonoide.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by Sephadex LH-20, polyamide and silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as: taxifolin (I), guaijaverin (II), reynoutrin (III), quercitrin (IV), polystachoside (V) and quercetin-4'-O-beta-D-galactoside (VI).

CONCLUSIONFor the first time, compound VI was separated from Ericaceae plant, compounds II and V were isolated from Rhododendron plant, and compounds I and II were obtained from this plant.

Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rhododendron ; chemistry

This paper described the preparation and liver targeting traits of new solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing floxuridinyl dibutyrate (FUDRB) modified with beta-D-galactosides (G2). FUDRB-SLN and FUDRB-G2SLN were prepared by thin layer ultrasonic technique. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph analysis demonstrated that the particle sizes of FUDRB-SLN and FUDRB-G2SLN were (137.5 +/- 11.1) nm and (95.0 +/- 10.7) nm. Drug loading were 9.64% and 8.56%, and entrapment efficiency were 99.81% and 96.23%, respectively. The concentrations of floxuridine (FUDR) in serum and some organs (liver, kidney and lung) were determined by RP-HPLC after iv administration of SLN. FUDR release was confirmed, and a significant enrichment of SLN modified with G2 was observed in liver with G2 complex (targeting rates of SLN-G2 was 8.28 for liver) in comparison with FUDR-sol (targeting rate was 2.56). FUDR could be detected in liver in mice at 480 min after iv administration of FUDRB-G2SLN. These results suggested that incorporation of G2 (4%-5%, g/g) into SLN enhanced the liver targeting-ability of FUDRB. SLN containing G2 could be a useful drug carrier system for liver targeting.
Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Floxuridine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the antioxidation and the regulation on the Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases (ERK) signaling pathway are involved in the protective effects of blueberry on central nervous system.

METHODS30 Senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups and treated with normal diet, blueberry extracts (200 mg/kg•bw/day) and cyaniding-3-O-galactoside (Cy-3-GAL) (50 mg/kg•bw/day) from blueberry for 8 weeks. 10 SAMR1 mice were set as control group. The capacity of spatial memory was assessed by Passive avoidance task and Morris water maze. Histological analyses on hippocampus were completed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and the expression of ERK were detected.

RESULTSBoth Cy-3-GAL and blueberry extracts were shown effective functions to relieve cellular injury, improve hippocampal neurons survival and inhibit the pyramidal cell layer damage. Cy-3-GAL and blueberry extracts also increased SOD activity and reduced MDA content in brain tissues and plasma, and increased hippocampal phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) expression in SAMP8 mice. Further more, the passive avoidance task test showed that both the latency time and the number of errors were improved by Cy-3-GAL treatment, and the Morris Water Maze test showed significant decreases of latency were detected by Cy-3-GAL and blueberry extracts treatment on day 4.

CONCLUSIONBlueberry extracts may reverse the declines of cognitive and behavioral function in the ageing process through several pathways, including enhancing the capacity of antioxidation, altering stress signaling. Cy-3-GAL may be an important active ingredient for these biological effects.

Aging ; drug effects ; Animals ; Anthocyanins ; pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning ; Blueberry Plants ; chemistry ; Dietary Supplements ; Galactosides ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism