AIM: To investigated the changes of hippocampus noradrenaline levels and its tyrosine hydroxyase (TH) , monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expressions during chronic psycological stress procedure and physical exercise in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n =24) were randomly assigned to three conditions; (1) restraint stress (S) at 6 h/d for 3 weeks; (2) 24 h access to activity wheel running (E) for 4 weeks; (3) a sedentary control group (C). Levels of NE were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Protein expression of TH and MAOA were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared to C, weight loss and sucrose consumption rate decrease were induced in S, and NE was lower while TH and MAOA expressions increased significantly. In E group, NE was higher and TH, MAOA increased distinctly. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that hippocampus NE level may play an important role in the mechanism on the protection of physical exercise to chronic psycological stress, there is no close connection between NE change and TH, MAOA.Other mechanisms may exist.

AIM: This study is to determine changes of hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5 -HT) in long term physical exercise and chronic psychological stress, and to study the roles of the two monoamine transmitters in the effect of exercise counteracting stress - induced hippocampal damages in brain. METHODS : Levels of hippocampal NE and 5 - HT in rats undergoing 4 - week voluntary wheel running exercise (exercise group) or 3 - week restraint stress (stress group) or 4 - week exercise and 3 - week stress (exercise - stress group) were detected by high - performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. RESULTS: It is showed that levels of hippocampal NEand 5 - HT increased significantly (P < 0. 01) in the exercised rats, and in the stressed rats, hippocampal 5 - HT levelssignificantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Additionally, the NE levels maintained significant high (P < 0. 01) in exercise -stressed rats compared to the pure stressed ones. On the other hand, no obvious difference was observed in hippocampal5 - HT levels between stress group and exercise - stress group, which were all significant lower (P < 0. 05) than that in exercise group. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that both the NE and 5 - HT may play important roles in mediating the exercise-induced positive effects and the 5 - HT may play an important role in stress - induced negative effects on the hippocampus. Moreover, NE may take more action in the exercise attenuating stress - induced hippocampal damages. The hippocampal NE may be more susceptible to exercise, and the hippocampal 5 - HT may be more susceptible to stress.`

Objective To observe the effect of Shenfu injection on lung injury caused by hemor-rhagic shock(HS)in rats and explore the related potential mechanism.Methods Thirty-six SPF healthy male SD rats,aged 16-17 weeks,weighing 400-600 g,were randomly divided into three groups:sham op-eration group(group SH),HS group(group HS),and Shenfu injection group(group SF),12 rats in each group.In group SH,only the right femoral vein and femoral artery were separated after anesthesia,and ve-nous catheterization was not performed.HS model was established in groups SF and HS.In group HS,liquid resuscitation was performed through an intravenous catheter,and the resuscitation fluid consisted of the auto-blood lost and the compound sodium chloride injection equivalent to 1.5 times the blood loss and 10 ml/kg normal saline.In group SF,the resuscitation fluid consisted of the lost autoblood and the compound sodium chloride injection equivalent to 1.5 times the blood loss and Shenfu injection 10 ml/kg.The whole perfusion time was about 60 minutes.Six rats in the three groups were randomly anesthetized 24 and 48 hours after op-eration.The wet/dry weight ratio(W/D)of lung tissues was detected.The concentrations of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-17,IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were detected by ELISA,the mRNA ex-pression of retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt(RORγt),transcription factor forkhead box pro-tein 3(Foxp3),and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in lung tissues were detected by PCR.The pro-tein contents of RORγt,Foxp3,HIF-1α,aquaporin 1(AQP1),and AQP5 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot.Pathological changesunder HE staining light microscope and lung injury scores were observed.Results Compared with 24 hours after operation,W/D,the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17,mRNA ex-pression and protein content of RORγt and HIF-1α,and lung injury score were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the concentrations of IL-10,and TGF-β,Foxp3 mRNA expression and protein content,and AQP1 protein content were significantly increased in group SF 48 hours after operation(P＜0.05).Compared with group SH,W/D,the concentrations of IL-6,IL-17,IL-10,and TGF-β,mRNA expression and protein content of RORγt,Foxp 3,and HIF-1α,and lung injury score were significantly increased(P＜0.05),AQP1 and AQP5 protein contents were significantly decreased in groups HS and SF 24 and 48 hours after operation(P＜0.05),and alveolar structure was damaged under light microscope and alveolar interstitium was filled with a large amount of edematous fluid,during which a large number of inflammatory cells infiltra-ted.Compared with group HS,W/D,the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17,mRNA expression and protein content of RORγt and HIF-1α,and lung injury score were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the concen-trations of IL-10 and TGF-β,Foxp3 mRNA expression and protein content,AQP1 and AQP5 protein con-tents were significantly increased in group SF 24 and 48 hours after surgery(P＜0.05),and the alveolar structure was improved under light microscope,and edema was reduced,and the number of inflammatory cells was reduced.Conclusion Shenfu injection can regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17,and anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β,increase the protein content of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissue,and decrease the W/D and injury score in lung tissue,thus alleviating lung injury in HS rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of HIF-1α-RORγt/Foxp3 balance.

Objective: To investigate the expectations and perceptions of nurses and patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) on the quality of nursing services, and to compare and analyze the differences and similarities between the two groups. Methods: 97 nurses and 184 patients from three ICU of three hospitals in our city were selected by convenient sampling, and their nursing service quality expectation and perception questionnaire were used to investigate. Results: The expectation scores of ICU nurses and patients on the quality of nursing service were (4.31 ± 0.63) and (4.22 ± 0.62) respectively. The scores of perception were (4.05 ± 0.58) and (3.96 ± 0.70) respectively. The difference of perception expectation score between nurses and patients is negative. The score difference between nurses in Item 3, 9~12 and responsiveness was significantly higher than that of the patients. The score difference between the entry 4~7 and the reliability dimension was significantly lower than that of the patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The quality of nursing service perceived by ICU patients and nurses is relatively poor, and there are differences in reliability and responsiveness between the two patients.