Purpose: To investigate the postoperative effect of intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage of chalazia. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2021, patients who underwent incision and curettage for the diagnosis of chalazia were divided into groups: with or without intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage. Incision and curettage were performed in 88 eyes, and concurrent intralesional steroid injection, incision, and curettage were performed in 44 eyes. Each group was further divided according to the incision site: subconjunctival or skin incisions. The degree of erythema, recurrence, and recurrence rate were reviewed in patients who underwent skin incisions, while the degree of swelling, recurrence, and recurrence rate, in those who underwent subconjunctival incisions. Results: In the group that underwent incision and drainage through skin incisions, no significant difference was observed in the degree of erythema reduction 1 week after surgery between patients treated with steroid injections and those without (p = 0.609). No difference was observed in the degree of swelling reduction 1 week after surgery between the two groups that underwent incision drainage with steroid injection and the group that did not (p = 0.502). No significant difference was observed between the two groups, with a rate of 0.04% of remaining chalazia after 1 month in patients who underwent incision and drainage alone and 0.02% in patients who received both incision drainage and steroid injections (p = 0.414). Conclusions In the treatment of chalazia, concurrent intralesional steroid injections were not effective in the regression of postoperative lesional erythema and swelling.

Purpose: To investigate the postoperative effect of intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage of chalazia. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2021, patients who underwent incision and curettage for the diagnosis of chalazia were divided into groups: with or without intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage. Incision and curettage were performed in 88 eyes, and concurrent intralesional steroid injection, incision, and curettage were performed in 44 eyes. Each group was further divided according to the incision site: subconjunctival or skin incisions. The degree of erythema, recurrence, and recurrence rate were reviewed in patients who underwent skin incisions, while the degree of swelling, recurrence, and recurrence rate, in those who underwent subconjunctival incisions. Results: In the group that underwent incision and drainage through skin incisions, no significant difference was observed in the degree of erythema reduction 1 week after surgery between patients treated with steroid injections and those without (p = 0.609). No difference was observed in the degree of swelling reduction 1 week after surgery between the two groups that underwent incision drainage with steroid injection and the group that did not (p = 0.502). No significant difference was observed between the two groups, with a rate of 0.04% of remaining chalazia after 1 month in patients who underwent incision and drainage alone and 0.02% in patients who received both incision drainage and steroid injections (p = 0.414). Conclusions In the treatment of chalazia, concurrent intralesional steroid injections were not effective in the regression of postoperative lesional erythema and swelling.

Purpose: To investigate the postoperative effect of intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage of chalazia. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2021, patients who underwent incision and curettage for the diagnosis of chalazia were divided into groups: with or without intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage. Incision and curettage were performed in 88 eyes, and concurrent intralesional steroid injection, incision, and curettage were performed in 44 eyes. Each group was further divided according to the incision site: subconjunctival or skin incisions. The degree of erythema, recurrence, and recurrence rate were reviewed in patients who underwent skin incisions, while the degree of swelling, recurrence, and recurrence rate, in those who underwent subconjunctival incisions. Results: In the group that underwent incision and drainage through skin incisions, no significant difference was observed in the degree of erythema reduction 1 week after surgery between patients treated with steroid injections and those without (p = 0.609). No difference was observed in the degree of swelling reduction 1 week after surgery between the two groups that underwent incision drainage with steroid injection and the group that did not (p = 0.502). No significant difference was observed between the two groups, with a rate of 0.04% of remaining chalazia after 1 month in patients who underwent incision and drainage alone and 0.02% in patients who received both incision drainage and steroid injections (p = 0.414). Conclusions In the treatment of chalazia, concurrent intralesional steroid injections were not effective in the regression of postoperative lesional erythema and swelling.

Purpose: To investigate the postoperative effect of intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage of chalazia. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2021, patients who underwent incision and curettage for the diagnosis of chalazia were divided into groups: with or without intralesional steroid injection during incision and curettage. Incision and curettage were performed in 88 eyes, and concurrent intralesional steroid injection, incision, and curettage were performed in 44 eyes. Each group was further divided according to the incision site: subconjunctival or skin incisions. The degree of erythema, recurrence, and recurrence rate were reviewed in patients who underwent skin incisions, while the degree of swelling, recurrence, and recurrence rate, in those who underwent subconjunctival incisions. Results: In the group that underwent incision and drainage through skin incisions, no significant difference was observed in the degree of erythema reduction 1 week after surgery between patients treated with steroid injections and those without (p = 0.609). No difference was observed in the degree of swelling reduction 1 week after surgery between the two groups that underwent incision drainage with steroid injection and the group that did not (p = 0.502). No significant difference was observed between the two groups, with a rate of 0.04% of remaining chalazia after 1 month in patients who underwent incision and drainage alone and 0.02% in patients who received both incision drainage and steroid injections (p = 0.414). Conclusions In the treatment of chalazia, concurrent intralesional steroid injections were not effective in the regression of postoperative lesional erythema and swelling.

Purpose: To present a case of a patient diagnosed with idiopathic hemolacria.Case Summary: A healthy 19-year-old man without pre-existing medical conditions presented to the hospital for treatment of intermittent bloody tears from his right eye. The patient reported experiencing bloody tears in his right eye approximately once per month during stressful events for the preceding 6 years. These episodes were associated with ocular pain, right-eye hyperemia, headaches, and nausea. However, these symptoms of bloody tears spontaneously resolved without intervention. Corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 1.0, and the intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg. There were no abnormalities in the ocular appendages, anterior chamber, or eyelids. Nasolacrimal duct probing and irrigation, as well as fundus examination, revealed normal findings. Brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging did not show abnormalities in the brain or the orbital region, although slight mucosal thickening was present around the right lacrimal gland. Other examinations, including an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood test, and nasal endoscopy, all revealed normal findings. Conclusions Recurrent bloody tears (hemolacria) occurred in the right eye of a 19-year-old man with no history of trauma, intraocular surgery, or underlying medical conditions. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination and brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify any specific abnormalities leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic hemolacria.

Purpose: To report a case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) formation secondary to demarcation laser retinopexy in a retinal break with localized retinal detachment patient.Case summary: A 59-year-old male visited our clinic with ocular discomfort in both eyes. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.63 in right eye. Large retinal break in 1:30 o/c, localized retinal detachment and laser marking scars all around the right eye were found in fundoscopic exam. Posterior-vitreous detachment or vitreomacular traction was not observed in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Demarcation laser retinopexy was performed around the margin of retinal detachment and peripheral degenerative lesions. Three months after demarcation laser retinopexy, UCVA in right eye of the patient was decreased to 0.16 and full thickness macular hole was observed on OCT examination. Pars planar vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and SF6 gas tamponade were performed in the right eye. One month after the surgery, closure of FTMH was observed. Three months after surgery, there were no recurrence of FTMH in the right eye. Conclusions Demarcation laser photocoagulation of localized retinal detachments may predispose to FTMH formation. Even though it can be occurred rarely, follow-up check-up is necessary in consideration of the possibility of FTMH, which can cause serious visual loss.

Purpose: We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on myopia progression in pediatric patients who received low-dose atropine (0.01%) eye drops. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of pediatric patients who received ≥ 12 months of low-dose atropine (atropine sulfate 0.01%) eye drops for myopia. The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was defined as February 2020. Patients were divided into two groups for comparative analysis. Patients in group A received low-dose atropine for ≥ 12 months between July 2013 and January 2020, whereas patients in group B received low-dose atropine between February 2020 and July 2021; atropine eye drops were administered once daily. The spherical equivalent and axial length of the right eye were measured at the initiation of treatment and after 12 months. Results: Among the 72 patients, 34 in group A received low-dose atropine before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 38 in group B received low-dose atropine after the COVID-19 pandemic. After 12 months of treatment with low-dose atropine eye drops, the changes in spherical equivalent were -0.58 ± 0.47 diopters (D) in group A and -0.84 ± 0.56 D in group B (p = 0.045). Moreover, the changes in axial length were 0.30 ± 0.23 mm in group A and 0.50 ± 0.31 mm in group B (p = 0.011). Conclusions The efficacy of low-dose atropine eye drops in pediatric myopia patients has decreased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older men who live alone are more vulnerable to poor nutrition. However, little attention has been paid to malnutrition among this population.This study aimed to examine malnutrition and its associated factors among communitydwelling older men living alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used cohort data of communitydwelling older adults living alone in South Korea. A total of 230 older men aged 65 and over were included in this study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Multidimensional factors (sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics) were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the malnutrition-related factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.2% in older men living alone. Low income (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.90), polypharmacy (OR, 2.23;95% CI, 1.16–4.28), suicidal ideation (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.02–4.45), meal skipping (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.60–6.64), and smoking (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.43–5.73) were significantly associated with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Malnutrition is a severe health problem in older men living alone. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive and tailored interventions to mitigate malnutrition among older men living alone.