This study was performed to compare the anthropometric and the food and nutrient intake of the adolescents between urban areas and islands in south Kyungnam and to identify their nutritional problems. A questionnaire survey was distributed among 383 middle school students for the food and nutrient consumption and other nutritional attitudes including socioecomonic status. The height and weight of the students were measured as well. Socioeconomic status, such as income, educational level, and jobs of the urban students parents was better than that of the island students. There was no significant difference in height between the students of both areas, but the body weight of the urban male students was far heavier than that of the other group. It is very interesting to note that the energy intake of the urban male students was much lower than that of the island male students. The students of the two areas consumed more protein, Vit B1, Vit B2, niacin and Vit C than the recommended daily allowances(RDA) but the intake of Ca, Fe, Vit A was less. As to the sources of animal fat, the urban males consumed much more. Regarding the taste preference, the study shows that urban male students are more likely to choose sweet, salty and soft tastes than island male students. In the case of female students, although island students prefer a rather hot taste, urban students are more likely to prefer sweet and soft tastes. The favorite foods of urban students are meat products, fastfoods, chocolate, cheese and milkshakes, while foods like cooked rice with assorted vegetable are the favorite of the island students. In general, the preference degree for meat products and fruits rates higher than for vegetables. Conclusively the urban students had a tendency of being obese and the intake of all nutrients by the urban adolescents was much lower than that of the islanders. In this study, the cause can be found in significant differences in consuming animal fat, of taste preference and of choosing favorite food. Accordingly a nutritional intervention or educational program is required to adjust the imbalanced intake of some nutrients for the adolescents in this province.
Adolescent* ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cacao ; Cheese ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Fruit ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Islands* ; Male ; Meat Products ; Niacin ; Parents ; Social Class ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Priming and boosting vaccination strategy has been widely explored for new vaccine development against tuberculosis. As an effort to identify other vaccine candidates, this study was initiated to evaluate protective efficacy of adenylate kinase (AK), nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NdK), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHOD: M. tuberculosis genes encoding AK, NdK, and Hsp70 proteins were amplified by PCR and cloned into E. coli expression vector, pQE30. Recombinant AK, NdK, and Hsp70 was purified through Ni-NTA resin. To evaluate immune responses, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG isotype and IFN-gamma after mice were immunized subcutaneously with recombinant proteins delivered in dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA). Immunized- and control groups were challenged by aerosol with M. tuberculosis. The spleens and lungs of mice were removed aseptically and cultured for CFU of M. tuberculosis. RESULT: Vaccination with recombinant proteins AK, NdK, and Hsp70 delivered in DDA elicited significant level of antibody and IFN-gamma responses to corresponding antigens but no protective immunity comparable to that achieved with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. CONCLUSION: Recombinant proteins AK, NdK, and Hsp70 do not effectively control growth of M. tuberculosis in mice when immunized with DDA as an adjuvant.
Adenylate Kinase* ; Animals ; Clone Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lung ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins* ; Spleen ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination

There have been a few reports of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with chromosomal abnormalities. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in HLH patients are usually found in association with hematologic malignancies and rarely with epstein-barr virus (EBV) infection. Here, we report a fatal case of HLH with clonal karyotype abnormalities. A 75-yr-old man was admitted with persistent anorexia and high fever. Laboratory data revealed pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and marked elevated level of serum transaminases. In real time-PCR using whole blood, EBV DNA was not detected but cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was detected. The bone marrow aspiration smear showed hyperplasia of mature histiocytes with prominent hemophagocytosis. In chromosomal analysis of bone marrow aspirates, complex chromosomal abnormalities were found. In spite of steroid pulse therapy and antibiotic treatment, he died of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
Anorexia ; Bone Marrow ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytomegalovirus ; DNA ; Fever ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Karyotype ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Pancytopenia ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Transaminases

BACKGROUND: The use of automated techniques reduces the impact of human errors in blood banking and it improves the standardization and the quality of the achieved results. Erythrocyte Magnetized Technology (EMT) is now being widely used due to its simplicity and efficiency for detecting alloantibody. We evaluated the antibody screening test of the QWALYS-3 (DIAGAST, Loos Cedex, France). METHODS: The evaluation focused on antibody screening using the QWALYS-3 as compared to the standard manual tube method and the Ortho BioVue system in clinical samples (n=100) and frozen stored samples (n=64), which had RBC alloantibody. RESULTS: Using the manual tube method, the sensitivity of antibody screening was 100% by the QWALYS-3 and 42.8% by the Ortho BioVue in the clinical samples (n=7) and 2 results were discrepant by the QWALYS-3 for negative samples. For the known antibodies from the frozen stored samples (n=64) this correspondence rate amounted to 93.7% (n=60). CONCLUSION: The QWALYS-3 system displayed a good match rate with the Ortho BioVue system (92%). It also showed reliable results for the general accuracy when compared to the manual method (concordance rate: 98%). The QWALYS-3 system will facilitate the automation of routine antibody screening with high reliability, sensitivity and specificity compared to the standard manual methods.
Antibodies ; Automation ; Blood Banks ; Cephalosporins ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Magnets ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Unexpected antibody screening and identification tests are very important for safe blood transfusion. The micro-column agglutination test (MCAT) is widely used due to its simplicity and efficiency for detecting alloantibodies. We analyzed the frequency of unexpected antibodies at three university hospital blood banks, which use two different MCAT systems. METHODS: From February 2002 to December 2009, a total of 295,876 unexpected antibody screening tests were performed at three university hospital blood banks. Two hospital blood banks (Anam and Ansan Hospitals) used the DiaMed-ID system (DiaMed Ag, Switzerland) and the other (Guro Hospital) used the Ortho BioVue system (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, USA) for antibody screening and identification tests. RESULTS: The rates of detecting unexpected antibodies on screening test based on the 'tests performed' and the 'persons tested' were 1.16% per test and 0.96% per person in Korea University Guro Hospital, 0.65% and 0.41% in Korea University Anam Hospital and 0.76% and 0.57% in Korea University Ansan hospital, respectively. There were significant differences in the frequencies based on the two different systems (P<0.001). Among the warm antibodies, Rh antibodies were more frequently detected by the DiaMed-ID system, and Lewis antibodies were most frequently detected by the Ortho BioVue System. CONCLUSION: We should carefully interpretate the frequency of unexpected antibodies in the Korean population because the frequencies of unexpected antibodies are different according to different employed micro-column agglutination systems.
Agglutination ; Agglutination Tests ; Antibodies ; Blood Banks ; Blood Transfusion ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Phenytoin

A bronchobiliary fistula (BBF), which is defined by an abnormal communication between the biliary system and the bronchial tree, is an uncommon complication after hemihepatectomy, trauma, hydatid disease, choledocholithiasis, and other causes of biliary obstruction. BBF are rare complication of hepatic resection that can present from days to years after operation. Management of fistula is often very difficult and can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early recognition and proper management are essential to avoid a fatal outcome. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are the diagnostic studies of choice and offer the possibility of therapeutic intervention. Although large series in the literature emphasize the surgical management of BBF, the reoperative procedures tend to be complicated, with a significant morbidity and mortality. Nonsurgical intervention via ERCP or PTC are more recently notably successful when resolution of a distal biliary obstruction is accomplished. Only after aggressive attempts at nonoperative, interventional techniques have failed should operative approaches be entertained. We are reporting a case of BBF secondary to hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma which was managed by surgical operation.
Biliary Tract ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis ; Fatal Outcome ; Fistula* ; Hepatectomy ; Mortality

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine effects of nefazodone on depression, anxiety, sleep and sexual function in depressive patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is an open, non-comparative, multi-center study. Antidepressant and other clinical effects of nefazodone were evaluated in 230 patients of 26 centers, aged 14 years or more, who met DSM-IV criteria to major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder and didn't have other psychiatric disorders and were physically healthy. The clinical efficacy was assessed at week 1, 2, 4 and 8 using Clinical Global Improvement (CGI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety (STAI-SA). Other clinical effects were assessed with Weekly Sleep Questionnaire, Sexual Functioning Questionnaire and GHQ-QOL-12, a scale for quality of life. Adverse drug reactions were checked with a questionnaire. Post-treatment effects of drug were compared with pre-treatment baseline condition. RESULTS: The response rates by Clincal Grobal Improvement and HAM-D after 8 weeks treatment were 62.4% and 75.2% respectively. Comparing to baseline, nefazodone was proved to have significantly higher antidepressant and antianxiety effects in depressive patients and it improved also sleep, sexual functions and quality of life. Both patients and physicians satisfied with the effects of drug. Adverse drug reactions were a few and not serious, and most of them disappeared as treatment continued. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that not only nefazodone has antidepressant effects and antianxiety effects, but also it improves sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction and the quality of life in depressive patients. Adverse drug reactions were a few and not serious.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Dysthymic Disorder ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires