This paper reports on issues relating to the optimal use of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA MR imaging) together with the generation of consensus statements from a working group meeting, which was held in Seoul, Korea (2010). Gd-EOB-DTPA has been shown to improve the detection and characterization of liver lesions, and the information provided by the hepatobiliary phase is proving particularly useful in differential diagnoses and in the characterization of small lesions (around 1-1.5 cm). Discussion also focused on advances in the role of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8 (OATP8) transporters. Gd-EOB-DTPA is also emerging as a promising tool for functional analysis, enabling the calculation of post-surgical liver function in the remaining segments. Updates to current algorithms were also discussed.
Algorithms ; Contrast Media/*diagnostic use/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gadolinium DTPA/*diagnostic use/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis/metabolism/surgery ; Liver Function Tests ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/metabolism ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

No abstract available.
Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/*radiography ; Contrast Media/chemistry/diagnostic use ; Gadolinium DTPA/chemistry/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology/*radiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 antibody-conjugated gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA-anti-ICAM-1) as a targeted contrast agent for the molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of mice were used: non-arthritic normal, CIA mice in both the early inflammatory and chronic destructive phases. The MR images of knee joints were obtained before and after injection of Gd-DTPA-anti-ICAM-1, Gd-DTPA, and Gd-DTPA-Immunoglobulin G (Ig G) and were analyzed quantitatively. The patterns of enhancement on the MR images were compared with the histological and immunohistochemical ICAM-1 staining. RESULTS: The images obtained after injection of Gd-DTPA-anti-ICAM-1 displayed gradually increasing signal enhancement from the moment following injection (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]: 424.3 +/- 35.2, n = 3) to 24 hours (532 +/- 11.3), rather than on pre-enhanced images (293 +/- 37.6) in the early inflammatory phase of CIA mice. However, signal enhancement by Gd-DTPA and Gd-DTPA-IgG disappeared after 80 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. In addition, no significant enhancement was seen in the chronic destructive phase of CIA mice, even though they also showed inflammatory changes on T2-weighted MR images. ICAM-1 expression was demonstrated in the endothelium and proliferating synovium of the early inflammatory phase of CIA mice, but not in the chronic destructive phase. CONCLUSION: Molecular MRI with Gd-DTPA-anti-ICAM-1 displays specific images targeted to ICAM-1 that is expressed in the inflamed synovium of CIA. This novel tool may be useful for the early diagnosis and differentiation of the various stages of rheumatoid arthritis.
Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental/*metabolism ; Collagen ; Contrast Media ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gadolinium DTPA/diagnostic use ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/*metabolism ; Knee Joint/*metabolism/radiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Mice ; Synovial Membrane/*metabolism/radiography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the histopathological differentiation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do show correlation with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven HCCs from 27 patients who had undergone preoperative liver MRI (1.5T) and surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. DWI was obtained with a single-shot, echo-planar imaging sequence in the axial plane (b values: 0 and 1,000 sec/mm2). On DWIs, the ADC value of the HCCs was measured by one radiologist, who was kept 'blinded' to the histological findings. Histopathologically, the differentiation was classified into well (n = 9), moderate (n = 9) and poor (n = 9). The expression of VEGF was semiquantitatively graded as grade 0 (n = 8), grade 1 (n = 9) and grade 2 (n = 10). We analyzed whether the histopathological differentiation and the expression of VEGF of the HCC showed correlation with the ADC value on DWI. RESULTS: The mean ADC value of the poorly-differentiated HCCs (0.9 +/- 0.13x10(-3) mm2/s) was lower than those of the well-differentiated HCCs (1.2 +/- 0.22x10(-3) mm2/s) (p = 0.031) and moderately-differentiated HCCs (1.1 +/- 0.01x10(-3) mm2/s) (p = 0.013). There was a significant correlation between the differentiation and the ADC value of the HCCs (r = -0.51, p = 0.012). The mean ADC of the HCCs with a VEGF expression grade of 0, 1 and 2 was 1.1 +/- 0.17, 1.1 +/- 0.21 and 1.1 +/- 0.18x10(-3) mm2/s, respectively. The VEGF expression did not show correlation with the ADC value of the HCCs (r = 0.07, p = 0.74). CONCLUSION: The histopathological differentiation of HCC shows inverse correlation with the ADC value. Therefore, DWI with ADC measurement may be a valuable tool for noninvasively predicting the differentiation of HCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA/diagnostic use ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism