No abstract available.
Tuberculosis*

Purpose: The proximal fifth metatarsal fracture is one of the most common foot fractures. However, few studies have evaluated the associated injuries in patients with a proximal fifth metatarsal fracture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries associated with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures and compare the incidence of these injuries based on the injury mechanisms and location of the fracture. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 157 patients with a proximal fifth metatarsal fracture who underwent surgery from January 2014 to August 2021. Their medical records and radiology images were reviewed to classify and analyze the associated injuries. The proximal fifth metatarsal fractures were classified using Lawrence and Botte's classification. Injury mechanisms were divided into direct and indirect injuries. The incidence of injuries was statistically analyzed according to the injury mechanism and classification. Results: Of the 157 patients with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures, 81 (51.6%) were diagnosed with foot and ankle joint injuries. The incidence of foot injuries was 65.4%, that of ankle joint injuries was 19.8%, and of both foot and ankle joint injuries was 14.8%. In patients with direct injuries, the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries was 82.5% and that of indirect injuries was 41.0%. Statistical differences were observed between the incidence of direct and indirect injuries (p<0.001). The incidence of injuries, according to Lawrence and Botte’s classification, was 54.9% (Zone I), 41.2% (Zone II), and 50.0% (Zone III) respectively. However, there were no statistically significant variations in the locations of the proximal fifth metatarsal fractures (p=0.051). Conclusion In this study, the incidence of foot and ankle joint injuries associated with proximal fifth metatarsal fractures was found to be high. Therefore, a careful physical examination and appropriate radiological evaluation are recommended for patients with such fractures.

PURPOSE: Nitric oxide (NO) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play key roles in mediating relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle by increasing intracellular cGMP level. Here, we investigated effects of NO-donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and penile specific type-V PDE inhibitor (zaprinast) in human and rabbit corpus cavernosal cells and tissues in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cultured smooth muscle cells and tissues of human and rabbit corpus cavernosum were treated with increasing concentrations of SNP or zaprinast for 5 and 20 minutes, respectively, and intracellular cGMP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Organ bath study was performed to measure the relaxation effects of drugs on precontracted corpus cavernosal muscle strips. RESULTS: Although both NO-donor and type-V PDE inhibitor effectively stimulated the accumulation of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, magnitude of cGMP increase and specificity of drug were found to be species-dependent. In human corpus cavernosal tissues, cGMP was increased upto 10- and 5-folds by SNP and zaprinast, respectively. However, magnitude of increase was much less in cultured smooth muscle cells. In rabbit, SNP effect was most prominent in cultured cells and effects of SNP and zaprinast were modest in tissues. Both agents also resulted in effective relaxation of human and rabbit cavernosal tissue strips. Similar patterns of dose-response curves were shown between results from the organ bath studies and cGMP radioimmunoassay with cavernosal smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: Present results show that effects of SNP and zaprinast are not coincident in different species, suggesting possible species-specificities of these two agents. Measurement of cGMP changes in cultured cavernosal smooth muscles cells could be reflected to the relaxation effects of drugs on corpus cavernosal muscle strips.
Baths ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans* ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Negotiating ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroprusside ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Radioimmunoassay ; Relaxation* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Signal Transduction*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of modified Brostrom procedure with anchor suture and explore associate lesion under arthroscopy for chronic lateral instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2005 to March 2009, Retrospective analysis of 126 patients with chronic lateral instability who underwent modified Brostrom procedure with anchor suture and arthroscopic procedure was done. Mean follow-up period was 13 months. RESULTS: Chronic lateral instability of the ankle almost had local synovitis by arthroscopic examination. There were osteochondral lesion of talus on the anteromedial aspect in 63 cases, on the anterolateral aspect in 25 cases, osteochondral lesion of tibia side in 8 cases, fat hypertrophy of tibiofibular space in 120 cases, anterior fat impingement in 26 cases, intra-articular loose body in 13 cases. Mean Karlsson scoring scale was improve from 53 preoperatively to 91 postoperatively, There were 70 cases excellent, 27 cases good, 26 cases fair, 3 cases poor result according to the Sefton procedure. CONCLUSION: Modified Brostrom procedure with anchor suture and arthroscopic procedure are reliable treatment method for chronic ankle lateral instability which has intraarticular pathology.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Synovitis ; Talus ; Tibia

Heel abscesses present as heel pain that progressively worsens, with associated tenderness and fullness a the heel pad. To our knowledge, there are fews reports in the literature describing a spontaneous heel pad abscess. A 48-years old woman presented spontaneously with pain, erythema, edema and increased warmth to this right foot. She has no underlying disease and steroid injection history. A radiologic examination was suggestive of an abscess. Follow incision and drainage, cultures that were taken during the surgical procedure did not produce any organism. The patient was discharged home and recovered from the abscess without recurrence or further surgical intervention.
Abscess ; Drainage ; Edema ; Erythema ; Female ; Foot ; Heel ; Humans ; Recurrence

Maxillofacial infection often place the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in situations where timely decisions have to be made. These decisions can be lifesaving. Odontogenic infection are frequently encountered in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. These infections often repond to surgical and antimicrobial management. Otheriwise odontogenic infections have the potential to spread via the fasical spaces in the head and neck region. They can compromise vital structures in this region or involve distant structures. The classic signs of maxillofacial infections include pain, swelling, fever, dysphagia, and dehydration. The goals of management should be to correct these conditions. We have undertaken clinical studies on infections in the oral and maxillofacial regions (facial space) by analyzing hospitalized patients in the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital past 5 years from 1991. To 1995. And bacterial cultures and antibiotics sensitivity test were performed and the comparative analysis of the antibiotics was done. The results were as follows: 1. The most frequent cause of oral and maxillofacial infection was odontogenic 68% and in 23% patients with signs and symptom aggrevated after teeth extraction. 2. The most common fascial spaces involved was buccal space 36.1%, followed by submandibular space 12.3% and 3 cases were Ludwig's angina. 3. Antibiotics were administrated in all cases and surgical incision and drainage was performed in 88.6%. 4. The most causative organisms isolated from the pus cultures were streptococci group 51.1%.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dehydration ; Drainage ; Fever ; Head ; Humans ; Ludwig's Angina ; Neck ; Suppuration ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of the pilon fractures treated with arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the clinical result, bone union, complication and postoperative ankle function of 22 pilon fractures treated with arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation between January 1999 to March 2004. RESULTS: Clinical follow up averaged 16 months, with an average age of 39.2. All patients with type 1 and 2 fracture had excellent or good score by Ovadia and Beals criteria. Closed fractures healed within 13 weeks and open fractures within 16 weeks after surgery in average. Average range of motion of the ankle was 12o dorsiflexion (0~20 degree) and 25o plantar flexion (15~35 degree). CONCLUSION: Minimal soft tissue dissection and anatomical reduction are very important factor for minimizing complication and satisfactory ankle function. So, arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation is an effective treatment option for tibial pilon fractures.
Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Acute drug-intoxicated patients visiting the emergency room often develop pneumonia after emergency treatment. The purpose of this article is to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of pneumonia and to aid in the treatment of such patients. METHODS: 108 patients who visited the Chosun University Hospital emergency room from May 2002 through August 2004 for the treatment of acute drug intoxication were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: In this study, 52(48.1%) of 108 patients developed pneumonia. The development of pneumonia was significantly higher in patients who were intoxicated with insecticide, were not alert, were hypotensive and apneic, vomiting, required artificial ventilation through intubation due to increased secretions patients. CONCLUSION: In acute drug-intoxicated patients, changes in consciousness, the amount of secretion and performed of endotracheal intubation are risk factors associated with an increased possibility of developing pneumonia. Careful inspection and observation are needed for acute drug-intoxicated patients with these risk factors.
Consciousness ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Pneumonia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Ventilation ; Vomiting

Hemangioma are not rare tumors. They can be found in almost any of the vascular structures of the body. Hemangiomas involving the deep structures of the extremities may produce extremely difficult therapeutic problems for the orthopedic surgeon. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder that affects synovium, tendon sheath and bursa. Although the condition can present in any joint, knee joint is the most commonly affected site and only 2.5% of cases occur in foot and ankle joint. We have experienced a patient who has of foot and report an optimal method of surgical treatment. Authors report the result of hemangioma in mid-foot which arise from removal of a pigmented villonodular synovitis that has low out break rate of benign tumor in mid-foot with literature review.
Ankle Joint ; Caves ; Extremities ; Foot ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Orthopedics ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tendons

PURPOSE: A distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury with an ankle fracture is usually fixed with syndesmotic screws. Knotless Tightrope® has been used as an alternative procedure because of the fewer reported complications. Therefore, this study compared the two surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients, who underwent syndesmotic screw fixation, and 34 patients, who underwent Knotless Tightrope® fixation for distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury from February 2014 to February 2016, were analyzed retrospectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, range of motion of ankle at 1 year after surgery, tibiofibular clear space, and tibiofibular interval at preoperative, postoperative and 1 year after surgery were investigated. RESULTS: The VAS score, AOFAS score and radiographs were similar in the two groups. Knotless Tightrope® showed better results in complications and plantarflexion. CONCLUSION: Knotless Tightrope® fixation is a useful treatment that does not show a difference in fixation strength and clinical outcome. Knotless Tightrope® fixation also has an advantage in the range of motion and complications.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle Injuries ; Ankle Joint* ; Ankle* ; Bone Screws ; Foot ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Anchors