No abstract available.
Fluconazole* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

Objective: This study aimed at providing a critical review of the overall benefits of the chin-tuck maneuver through a systematic review of its effects when used in the treatment of dysphagia, as well as to provide basic data for a comparative analysis in future studies. Methods: To identify academic papers on the chin-tuck maneuver published from January 2000 to January 2021, a literature search on three databases was performed using keywords, including chin-tuck, dysphagia, and head flexion. Out of the 712 related papers identified, the methodological characteristics and results of 12 selected studies were reviewed. Results: Nine of the 12 studies found that the chin-tuck position not only helped in the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) but also reduced pharyngeal residues and prevented aspiration and penetration. In addition, three studies analyzed the position of the neck flexion angle and the changing angle when performing the chin-tuck maneuver. Conclusion This shows that the chin-tuck maneuver is an effective strategy in the treatment of dysphagia. In future studies, further investigation of the posture, angles, and effects of the chin-tuck maneuver, could help identify additional benefits of this treatment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate (RMR) in Korean college students. Subjects were 60 healthy Korean college students (30 males, 30 females) aged 18-25 years. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Predicted RMRs were calculated using the Harris-Benedict, Schofield (W)/(WH), FAO/ WHO/UNU(W)/(WH), Owen, Mifflin, Cunningham, Liu, IMNA and Henry (W)/(WH) equations. The accuracy of the equations was evaluated on basis of accurate prediction (the percentage of subjects whose RMR was predicted within90% to 110% of the RMR measured), mean difference, RMSPE, mean % difference, limits of agreement of Bland- Altman method between predicted and measured RMR. Measured RMR of male and female students were 1833.4 +/- 307.4 kcal/day and 1454.3 +/- 208.0 kcal/day, respectively. All predictive equations underestimated measured RMR. Of the predictive equations tested, the Harris-Benedict equation (mean difference: -80.4 kcal/day, RMSPE: 236 kcal/day, mean % difference: -3.1%) was the most accurate and precise, but accurate prediction of the equation was only 42%. Thus, this study suggests that the ethnicity-specific predictive equation from Korean people should be developed to improve the accuracy of predicted RMR for Koreans.
Aged ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; Female ; Humans ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of family caregivers who care for the elderly under Long-term Care Insurance. METHODS: Data were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The four focus groups consisted of eight caregivers, two social workers and three nurses in B city, Korea. RESULTS: Five themes were identified: 'Obtaining a care-helper certification for employment', 'Taking care of the elderly in their homes', 'Difficulties due to life changes', 'Difficulties due to reduced wages' and 'Dissatisfaction with the Long-term Care Insurance operating system'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term care system for family caregivers faces many systematic challenges in providing care for the elderly harmoniously in their home. To help them succeed in their tasks, Long-term Care Insurance system must offer respite and support programs to family caregivers.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Certification ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Insurance ; Insurance, Long-Term Care ; Long-Term Care ; Qualitative Research ; Social Workers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine socio-demographic and psychological variables and the correlation of their factors with quality of life (QOL) in urban-dwelling single mothers. METHODS: Participants were 195 single mothers living in an urban community in South Korea. Participants completed self-report questionnaires examining socio-demographic characteristics and including the following self-rating scales : the global assessment of recent stress, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, the scale for suicidal ideation, the Korean version of the alcohol use disorder identification test, and the World Health Organization QOL assessment instrument. RESULTS: Regarding socio-demographic variables, high educational level (p=0.009), high monthly income (p<0.001), living in own house (p<0.001), and divorced or separated on economic grounds (p<0.001) showed significantly high QOL in single mothers. Age (r=0.208, p=0.004) showed significant positive correlation with QOL ; stress (r=-0.254, p<0.001), depressive symptoms (r=-0.314, p<0.001), suicidal ideation (r=-0.217, p<0.001), and alcohol-related problems (r=-0.363, p<0.001) showed significant negative correlation with QOL. In multiple regression analysis, alcohol-related problems, financial cause of single motherhood, depressive symptoms, and income explained 37.7% of variance in total QOL. CONCLUSION: Interventions to promote QOL of single mothers should reduce the social burden and psychological problems on single mothers. Specifically, interventions providing psychological support should target new single mothers in order to reduce distress in single-mother families.
Alcoholism ; Depression ; Divorce ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Psychology* ; Quality of Life* ; Single-Parent Family ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Weights and Measures ; World Health Organization

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with adult ADHD completed self-report assessment scales. The clinical features of ADHD were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety-related symptoms. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the diagnostic scales of adult ADHD and anxiety. Results: Higher scores on the ASRS were related to higher scores on the STAI-S (r=0.482) and STAI-T (r=0.573), which assess state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Subscales of inattention (STAI-S, r=0.485; STAI-T, r=0.648), impulsivity (STAI-S, r=0.404; STAI-T, r=0.491), emotional dysregulation (STAI-S, r=0.498; STAI-T, r=0.639), disorganization (STAI-S, r=0.427; STAI-T, r=0.545) on the KAARS, and the subtotal of K-AARS clinical subscales (STAI-S, r=0.517; STAI-T, r=0.540) had significant correlations with both STAI-S and STAI-T scores. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, there were significant associations between ASRS total scores (β= 0.299) and STAI-S scores, and between inattention (β=0.297), impulsivity (β=0.560), emotional dysregulation (β=0.393), disorganization (β=0.817), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.114), and STAI-S scores. The multivariate regression analysis also showed significant associations between ASRS total scores (β=0.409) and STAI-T scores. Associations between K-AARS subscales of inattention (β=0.468), impulsivity (β=0.817), emotional dysregulation (β=0.598), disorganization (β=1.120), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.134), and STAI-T scores remained significant after adjusting demographic variables. Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of ADHD symptoms related to anxiety would be important for the evaluation and treatment of anxiety in adult ADHD patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with adult ADHD completed self-report assessment scales. The clinical features of ADHD were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety-related symptoms. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the diagnostic scales of adult ADHD and anxiety. Results: Higher scores on the ASRS were related to higher scores on the STAI-S (r=0.482) and STAI-T (r=0.573), which assess state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Subscales of inattention (STAI-S, r=0.485; STAI-T, r=0.648), impulsivity (STAI-S, r=0.404; STAI-T, r=0.491), emotional dysregulation (STAI-S, r=0.498; STAI-T, r=0.639), disorganization (STAI-S, r=0.427; STAI-T, r=0.545) on the KAARS, and the subtotal of K-AARS clinical subscales (STAI-S, r=0.517; STAI-T, r=0.540) had significant correlations with both STAI-S and STAI-T scores. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, there were significant associations between ASRS total scores (β= 0.299) and STAI-S scores, and between inattention (β=0.297), impulsivity (β=0.560), emotional dysregulation (β=0.393), disorganization (β=0.817), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.114), and STAI-S scores. The multivariate regression analysis also showed significant associations between ASRS total scores (β=0.409) and STAI-T scores. Associations between K-AARS subscales of inattention (β=0.468), impulsivity (β=0.817), emotional dysregulation (β=0.598), disorganization (β=1.120), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.134), and STAI-T scores remained significant after adjusting demographic variables. Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of ADHD symptoms related to anxiety would be important for the evaluation and treatment of anxiety in adult ADHD patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with adult ADHD completed self-report assessment scales. The clinical features of ADHD were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety-related symptoms. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the diagnostic scales of adult ADHD and anxiety. Results: Higher scores on the ASRS were related to higher scores on the STAI-S (r=0.482) and STAI-T (r=0.573), which assess state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Subscales of inattention (STAI-S, r=0.485; STAI-T, r=0.648), impulsivity (STAI-S, r=0.404; STAI-T, r=0.491), emotional dysregulation (STAI-S, r=0.498; STAI-T, r=0.639), disorganization (STAI-S, r=0.427; STAI-T, r=0.545) on the KAARS, and the subtotal of K-AARS clinical subscales (STAI-S, r=0.517; STAI-T, r=0.540) had significant correlations with both STAI-S and STAI-T scores. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, there were significant associations between ASRS total scores (β= 0.299) and STAI-S scores, and between inattention (β=0.297), impulsivity (β=0.560), emotional dysregulation (β=0.393), disorganization (β=0.817), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.114), and STAI-S scores. The multivariate regression analysis also showed significant associations between ASRS total scores (β=0.409) and STAI-T scores. Associations between K-AARS subscales of inattention (β=0.468), impulsivity (β=0.817), emotional dysregulation (β=0.598), disorganization (β=1.120), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.134), and STAI-T scores remained significant after adjusting demographic variables. Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of ADHD symptoms related to anxiety would be important for the evaluation and treatment of anxiety in adult ADHD patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with adult ADHD completed self-report assessment scales. The clinical features of ADHD were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety-related symptoms. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the diagnostic scales of adult ADHD and anxiety. Results: Higher scores on the ASRS were related to higher scores on the STAI-S (r=0.482) and STAI-T (r=0.573), which assess state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. Subscales of inattention (STAI-S, r=0.485; STAI-T, r=0.648), impulsivity (STAI-S, r=0.404; STAI-T, r=0.491), emotional dysregulation (STAI-S, r=0.498; STAI-T, r=0.639), disorganization (STAI-S, r=0.427; STAI-T, r=0.545) on the KAARS, and the subtotal of K-AARS clinical subscales (STAI-S, r=0.517; STAI-T, r=0.540) had significant correlations with both STAI-S and STAI-T scores. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, there were significant associations between ASRS total scores (β= 0.299) and STAI-S scores, and between inattention (β=0.297), impulsivity (β=0.560), emotional dysregulation (β=0.393), disorganization (β=0.817), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.114), and STAI-S scores. The multivariate regression analysis also showed significant associations between ASRS total scores (β=0.409) and STAI-T scores. Associations between K-AARS subscales of inattention (β=0.468), impulsivity (β=0.817), emotional dysregulation (β=0.598), disorganization (β=1.120), subtotal scores on the K-AARS subscales (β=0.134), and STAI-T scores remained significant after adjusting demographic variables. Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of ADHD symptoms related to anxiety would be important for the evaluation and treatment of anxiety in adult ADHD patients.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. Diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is often delayed because of an underestimation or an overlap between it and cellulitis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics of cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed as having cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis and hospitalized at our hospital between January 2011 and December 2016. RESULTS: The study included data from 185 patients having cellulitis and 33 patients having necrotizing fasciitis. There were significant differences between cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis regarding clinical and laboratory factors. Necrotizing fasciitis was primarily associated with the following features at the time of admission: A thigh/buttock location [odds ratio (OR) 9.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72∼47.64, p=0.009], pain not controlled with use of non-opioid analgesics (OR 6.26, 95% CI 2.21∼17.71, p<0.001), serum sodium level <135 mEq/L (OR 17.44, 95% CI 7.27∼41.84, p<0.001), and a serum procalcitonin level >0.32 ng/mL (OR 9.41, 95% CI 4.18∼21.93, p <0.001). Additionally, polymicrobial infections and Gram-negative organisms were more commonly associated with necrotizing fasciitis compared to cellulitis. CONCLUSION: We found several differences between cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis in terms of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics. When patients showing symptoms of cellulitis present with lesions on the thigh or buttock, pain not controlled with use of non-opioid analgesics, a serum sodium level <135 mEq/L, or a procalcitonin level >0.32 ng/mL, it would be appropriate to evaluate for the possibility of necrotizing fasciitis and use broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover for Gram-negative organisms.
Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Buttocks ; Cellulitis* ; Coinfection ; Diagnosis ; Fascia ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thigh