No abstract available.
Vulva

Anterior cortex of the tibia is one of the intractable stress fracture sites ocurring in athletes, which are result of repetitive use damage that exceeds the intrinsic ability of the bone to repair itself. It is sometimes difficulty to repair the anterior cortical stress fracture, which result in delayed union or nonunion. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can be an useful method in the management of stress fracture of the anterior cortex of the tibia. We present a case of an young athlete affected by chronic stress fractures of the anterior cortex of the tibia that received low energy ESWT. The clinical result was excellent and he was able to gradually return to sports activities.
Athletes ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Shock ; Sports ; Tibia

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and macular thickness as measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This prospective, comparative case series included 21 patients (28 eyes) with severe diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent three sessions of PRP. The SFCT and macular thickness were measured using EDI-OCT at baseline and one week after completion of 3 sessions of PRP. RESULTS: SFCT before PRP was 318.1±96.5 µm and increased to 349.9±108.3 µm; P=0.001 after PRP. Macular thickness significantly increased at one week after PRP from 273.1±23.9 µm at baseline 295.8±25.3 µm at one week; (P<0.001). No significant relationship between the changes in macular thickness and SFCT was observed (r=−0.13, P=0.52). CONCLUSION: PRP induced increases in both SFCT and macular thickness. Changes in SFCT did not correlate with changes in macular thickness.
Argon* ; Choroid* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of early enteral trophic feeding within 24 hours after birth compared with being started within 7 days after birth in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all ELBWIs with gestational age of 26 weeks and less, and birth weight below 1,000 g, admitted within 24 hours after birth to neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center from January 2000 to June 2006 who were alive at the time of discharge. Data for nutritional status and morbidities were compared between Era 1 (n=76), in which early enteral trophic feeding was started within 7 days after birth and Era 2 (n=46), started within 24 hours after birth. RESULTS: Compared to era 1, despite that gestational age and enteral feeding strarting time of ELBWIs was significantly earlier (25(+4)+/-0(+6) vs. 24(+6)+/-1(+5) weeks, 4.5+/-5.1 vs. 0.7+/-1.3 days), the time to achieve full enteral feeding was significantly shorter, and the weight gain at corrected age of 36 weeks was significantly higher in era 2. Also the incidence of early and total confirmed sepsis, total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis, was lower and the duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in era 2 compared to era 1, without differences in the incidence of NEC, moderate to severe BPD, and severe IVH (> or =Gr III) between two eras. CONCLUSION: Early enteral trophic feeding in ELBWI within 24 hours after birth was safe and beneficial.
Birth Weight* ; Cholestasis ; Enteral Nutrition ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Nutritional Status ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Parturition* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Nose*

Background and Objectives: Several studies have proven that listening efforts cause neuroanatomical and physiological changes in the frontal lobe in adults with hearing loss as well as in the elderly with normal hearing. However, there is still a lack in research into how brain function changes when the cognitive load is increased based on noise level. We conducted a preliminary study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to determine differences in listening effort according to varying listening conditions.Subjects and Method Five adults with normal hearing participated in the study. Listening effort was measured in three listening environments (resting, quiet, and noise) using NIRSIT Lite (OBELAB, Seoul, Korea). The measures variables were concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHbO2) and the percent correct response rate. Results: As a result of ΔHbO2, channels 1 (p=0.045), 5 (p=0.042) and 7 (p=0.033) (right channels) showed significantly higher ΔHbO2 in the noise condition than in the resting condition. In addition, in channel 1, ΔHbO2 was significantly higher even in the quiet condition than in the resting condition (p=0.041). The percent correct response rate was significantly decreased in the noise condition (35.6%) as compared to the quiet condition (64.4%) (p=0.024). Conclusion We observed that a decrease in cerebral localization to compensate through the right hemisphere was presented with increased listening effort. The results of the study will be useful in situations where listening effort need to be accurarely measured.

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia(IPEH) is a solitary slowly enlarging, often tender, blue to red elevated nodule. The predilection sites include the head and neck region, and the extremities, especially the fingers. Histologically, IPEH is characterized by the well-circumscribed intravascular papillary structures, which are formed by fibrous cores that are lined by endothelial cells. We report a case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia developed on the unusual site of lip.
Endothelial Cells ; Extremities ; Fingers ; Head ; Hyperplasia* ; Lip* ; Neck

Objectives: . When performing middle ear operations, such as ossiculoplasty or stapes surgery, patients and surgeons expect an improvement in air conduction (AC) hearing, but generally not in bone conduction (BC). However, BC improvement has often been observed after surgery, and the present study investigated this phenomenon. Methods: . We reviewed the preoperative and postoperative surgical outcomes of 583 patients who underwent middle ear surgery. BC improvement was defined as a BC threshold decrease of >15 dB at two or more frequencies. Subjects in group A underwent staged ossiculoplasty after canal wall up mastoidectomy (CWUM), group B underwent staged ossiculoplasty after canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWDM), group C underwent ossiculoplasty only (thus, they had no prior history of CWUM or CWDM), and group D received stapes surgery. We created a hypothetical circuit model to explain this phenomenon. Results: . BC improvement was detected in 12.8% of group A, 9.1% of group B, and 8.5% of group C. The improvement was more pronounced in group D (27.0%). A larger gain in AC hearing was weakly correlated with greater BC improvement (Pearson’s r=0.395 in group A, P<0.001; r=0.375 in group B, P<0.001; r=0.296 in group C, P<0.001; r=0.422 in group D, P=0.009). Notably, patients with otosclerosis even experienced postoperative BC improvements as large as 10.0 dB, from a mean value of 30.3 dB (standard error [SE], 3.2) preoperatively to 20.3 dB (SE, 3.2) postoperatively, at 1,000 Hz, as well as an improvement of 9.2 dB at 2,000 Hz, from 37.8 dB (SE, 2.6) to 28.6 dB (SE, 3.1). Conclusion . BC improvement may be explained by a hypothetical circuit model applying the third window theory. Surgeons should keep in mind the possibility of BC improvement when making a management plan.

Wolf's isotopic response is defined as the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another unrelated skin disease that has already healed. In most cases of isotopic response, the initial dermatosis is herpes infection, and the most frequent second dermatoses are granulomatous reactions. Various interpretations of this phenomenon have been attempted. However, the exact mechanism has not been identified yet. Herein, we report a case in which the secondary disease was segmental vitiligo that appeared over the same dermatomes of herpes zoster. A 71-year-old woman presented with well-defined, depigmented patches on the left chest and back. She had been diagnosed with herpes zoster on the same dermatomes and treated with an antiviral agent 3 years ago. Histological examination showed decreased basal melanin pigments and melanocytes. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with segmental vitiligo based on the clinical and histological findings.
Aged ; Female ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Thorax ; Vitiligo*