BACKGROUND: At present, there are many instruments to diagnose anxiety and depression. However, most of the instruments have a number of questions. Therefore, we have many difficulties in applying them to the primary care. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability and the validity of a Korean-translated Goldberg s short screening scale for anxiety and depression, which were developed for screening of anxiety and depression in primary care. METHODS: 178 asymtomatic subjects and 58 patients(anxiety 15, depression 43) aged from 18 to 64 years old were selected. The patients were diagnosed by psychiatrist according to DSM-IV criteria. This study was performed for 3 months, from May to August 1996. The reliability of this instrument was measured by internal consistency reliability. The validity of this instrument was measured by three methods. The first method was the comparison of the score between the patients and the control group. The second method was to measure the relationships of this instrument with the other instruments such as Self-rating Depression Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The last method was to measure the relationship of this instrument with Comprehensive Global Assessment. In addition, we calculated the sensituvity and specificity at the cut off values. RESULTS: The Cronbach's a value was 0.736 for the anxiety and 0.749 for the depression. Goldberg anxiety scale was significantly associated with state in STAI(r=0.279, P<0.001), and trait in STAI(r=0.125, P=0.041). However, Goldberg depression scale was not sigficantly associated with SDS. Goldberg anxiety scale as well as Goldberg depression scale were significantly associated with CGA(r=0.433, P=0.001; r=0.695, P=0.001). The seore of Goldberg anxiety scale was significantly higher in the anxious patients than in the control group(P=0.047). The score of Goldberg depression scale was significantly higher in the depressive patients than in the control group(P<0.001). For anxiety scale of Goldberg scale, the sensitivity and the specificity was 60% and 68% at score 3. For depression scale of Goldberg scale, the sensitivity and the specificity was 80% and 68% at score 2. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the value of Cronbach's a in Goldberg scale was 0.736 for anxiety and 0.749 for depression. For the validity, the scores of Goldberg scale were higher in patient group than in asymptomatic group. However, the relationships of Goldberg scale with other screening instruments were variable. So further study for the validity of Goldberg scale is requested.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Middle Aged ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatry ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Hypersensitivity* ; Phenotype* ; Urticaria*

An association between drug treatment for viral infections and severe cutaneous adverse reactions has been noted. We investigated six patients diagnosed with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) after being prescribed acetaminophen for suspected viral illnesses. Multiplex analysis was performed to measure cytokine levels in sera before and after treatment. IL-2Rα levels significantly decreased during the convalescence phase. Although acetaminophen is relatively safe, the drug can trigger SJS/TEN in patients with suspected viral infections. T-cells and monocytes may be key components of the link between viral infection and acetaminophen-induced SJS/TEN.
Acetaminophen* ; Convalescence ; Humans ; Monocytes ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome* ; T-Lymphocytes

Sternotrophomonas maltophilia is an ubiquitous organism which has been isolated from water, soil, animals, plant material, foods and hospital equipment. The most common sites of contamination were sink drains, faucets and other items frequently in contact with water. S. maltophilia is associated with bacteremia, pulmonary infection, wound infection, mucocutaneous and soft tissue infection and endocarditis. Infection is primarily seen during severe neutropenia and in other immunocompromised condition. We report a case of onychia and paronychia caused by S. maltophilia in a patient whose occupation is the cleaner.
Animals ; Bacteremia ; Endocarditis ; Equipment and Supplies, Hospital ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Occupations ; Paronychia* ; Plants ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Soil ; Water ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Anaphylaxis* ; Basophils*

Reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi(RAD) is a dyschromic disorder that has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. RAD is characterized by the intermingled hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules and its bilaterally symmetrical distribution on the back of the hands and feet, wrists, knees, and elbows. Histologically, there is excess of melanin in the basal layer alternating with others in which melanin was totally absent. We report a case of reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi developed sporadically with typical clinical and pathological features.
Elbow ; Foot ; Hand ; Knee ; Melanins ; Wills ; Wrist

Sinusoidal hemangioma is a rare variant of cavernous hemangioma. Clinically, it develops in adults and predominantly in females, and presents as a solitary painless subcutaneous nodule. Histological finding of the sinusoidal hemangioma shows a well-circumscribed lobular architecture in the subcutaneous tissue. The lobulated mass is composed of dilated sinusoidal thin-walled vascular channels, which have a pseudopapillary pattern and back-to-back arrangement without much intervening stroma. We report a case of sinusoidal hemangioma which can be differentiated from the other vascular tumors and has never been reported in Korea.
Adult ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Korea ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Thyroid gland is composed of follicles surrounded by basement membrane, which is known to be related to the regenerative processes in several organs. This study was performed to observe the morphological details and changes of the basement membrane components, which are the presumtive factors in thyroid regeneration, with time sequences after partial thyroidectomy and then the relations between the components and thyroid regeneration were confirmed. Thyroid galnds of adult male rats were examined before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 days after bilateral partial[50-60%] thyroidectomy. The basememnt membranes of follicles were prominent with high eosinophilicity at later stage when H & E stained. But in PAS and EM staining, the basement membrane of the operated groups didn`t show any specific changes comparing with control group but the dense collagenous fibers at the interfollicular space outside the membrane. Immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen[PCNA], which reflects the growth fraction, showed 2.3% positivity of total follicular cells in control group. The PCNA positive ratio in experimental groups were 10.3%, 15.9%, 19.9%, 12.2%, 10.5%, 1.9%, 2.7% on postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days respectively. In unilaterally thyroidectomized rats, the resected lobe revealed 18.2% of PCNA positive ratio 3 days after operation, while that in the unresected lobe was only 5.9%. This suggested the predominence of local factors in thyroid regeneration. Meanwhile, with the double immunostaining of calcitonin and PCNA discriminate between follicular cells and C-cells among the PCNA positive cells, PCNA positive C-cells were very rare. The immunostaining of laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV showed varying intensity with the progress of regeneration. Stainability for collagen IV was maintained in all groups with some increase in 5- and 7-day groups. Laminin was well localized to the basement membrane of the control follicle, and the staining intensity for laminin was markedly increased with additional cytoplasmic staining in follicular cells in 1- to 3-day groups and then decreased to attain the control level in 10-day group. In case of fibronectin, the control follicle showed scarce staining, but the resected group showed strong positivity for fibronectin with the most intense staining in 1- to 3-day groups. Immunostaining for fibronectin still showes in 10-day group with the gradual disappearance of immunoreactivity in the center of the lobe. This study revealed the accompaning changes of the basement membrane components during the regeneration process of partially resected thyroid glands. Among them, collagen IV seems to support the structural integrity of the basement membrane. Laminin and fibronectin were supposed to be related to the thyroid follicular regeneration.
Adult ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Calcitonin ; Collagen ; Collagen Type IV ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Laminin ; Male ; Membranes ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats* ; Regeneration ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) on pediatric intussusception. Materials and Methods: Patients (< 18 years) who were diagnosed with intussusception and received enema reduction from 2011 to 2020 were included. We reviewed the demographics, yearly/monthly/seasonal incidence of intussusception, method and failure rate of enema reduction, recurrence rate of intussusception, surgical record, and pathologic report. Subsequently, we investigated the differences in mean age, failure rate of enema reduction, and recurrence rate of intussusception between the cases in 2020 and those in the period from 2011 to 2019. Results: A total of 859 enema reductions were performed during the past decade, more in males and in the age < 1 year (mean age, 22.2 months). The yearly incidence was highest in 2014 and lowest in 2020, and the monthly incidence was highest on December and September. The cases in 2020 (n = 27) had a lower mean age (18.1 months vs. 22.8 months), higher failure rate of enema reduction (7.4% vs. 2.4%), and higher recurrence rate of intussusception (14.8% vs 7.3%) compared with those that occurred between 2011 and 2019 (n = 832). However, these results did not show statistical significance (p = 0.07, p = 0.15, p = 0.14, respectively). Conclusion With the emergence of COVID-19, the number of enema reductions was remarkably decreased with a lower mean age, higher failure rate, and higher recurrence rate.

A nine-year old boy was found unconscious by his father in his apartment house. He was transferred to the emergency unit immediately but resuscitation was failed. Drain cleansing was performed just before the deceased came home. The father stated that there was foul odor in the house when he opened the door. The autopsy finding showed only nonspecific findings including severe pulmonary edema. Significant amount of sulfide ion was detected from blood and brain tissue. The cause of death was concluded as hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Autopsy ; Brain ; Cause of Death ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fathers ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide* ; Hydrogen* ; Male ; Odors ; Poisoning* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Resuscitation