Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Background: The 2023 Obesity Fact Sheet aims to present an updated overview of obesity prevalence across all age groups, including children and adolescents. Methods: This study included individuals aged ≥20 years (n=16,941,423 in 2021) who underwent health checkups provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2012 and 2021. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was standardized by age and sex using data from the 2010 population and housing census. For children and adolescents (6 to 18 years) (n= 884 in 2021), we used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012 to 2021), and obesity was defined by the corresponding sex- and agespecific body mass index percentile of 95th or greater based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity in 2021 is 38.4% (49.2% in men and 27.8% in women), which is a 1.27-fold increase from 30.2% in 2012. The prevalence of obesity has increased across all age groups, particularly among those aged 20, 30, and 80 years. The prevalence of class III obesity substantially increased from 0.35% (men) and 0.42% (women) in 2012 to 1.21% and 0.97% in 2021, with 3.46- and 2.31-fold increases, respectively.This increase was particularly pronounced in young adults. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has surged from 9.7% in 2012 to 19.3% in 2021, with a greater increase among boys. Conclusion Our study provides information on the current status of obesity prevalence based on the 2023 Obesity Fact Sheet, emphasizing the urgency of implementing timely strategies to reverse this increasing trend.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

In the 2023 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology based on communications at the conference of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review Course. The review consisted of 1) Endometrial cancer: immune checkpoint inhibitor, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), selective inhibitor of nuclear export, CDK4/6 inhibitors WEE1 inhibitor, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. 2) Cervical cancer: surgery in low-risk early-stage cervical cancer, therapy for locally advanced stage and advanced, metastatic, or recurrent setting; and 3) Ovarian cancer: immunotherapy, triplet therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors along with antiangiogenic agents and PARP inhibitors, and ADCs. In 2023, the field of endometrial cancer treatment witnessed a landmark year, marked by several practice-changing outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the reliable efficacy of PARP inhibitors and ADCs.