Although positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) has traditionally been performed using a face mask in neonatal resuscitation, face mask ventilation for delivering PPV has a high failure rate due to mask leaks, airway obstruction, or gastric inflation. Furthermore, face mask ventilation is compromised during chest compressions. Endotracheal intubation in neonates requires a high skill level, with a first-attempt success rate of <50%. Laryngeal masks can transfer positive pressure more effectively even during chest compressions, resulting in a lower PPV failure rate compared to that of face masks in neonatal resuscitation. In addition, inserting a laryngeal mask is easier and more accessible than endotracheal intubation, and mortality rates do not differ between the 2 methods. Therefore, in neonatal resuscitation, laryngeal masks are recommended in infants with gestational age >34 weeks and/or with a birth weight >2 kg, in cases of unsuccessful face mask ventilation (as a primary airway device) or endotracheal intubation (as a secondary airway device, alternative airway). In other words, laryngeal masks are recommended when endotracheal intubation fails as well as when PPV cannot be achieved. Although laryngeal masks are commonly used in anesthetized pediatric patients, they are infrequently used in neonatal resuscitation due to limited experience, a preference for endotracheal tubes, or a lack of awareness among the healthcare providers. Thus, healthcare providers must be aware of the usefulness of laryngeal masks in depressed neonates requiring PPV or endotracheal intubation, which can promptly resuscitate these infants and improve their outcomes, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.

Although positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) has traditionally been performed using a face mask in neonatal resuscitation, face mask ventilation for delivering PPV has a high failure rate due to mask leaks, airway obstruction, or gastric inflation. Furthermore, face mask ventilation is compromised during chest compressions. Endotracheal intubation in neonates requires a high skill level, with a first-attempt success rate of <50%. Laryngeal masks can transfer positive pressure more effectively even during chest compressions, resulting in a lower PPV failure rate compared to that of face masks in neonatal resuscitation. In addition, inserting a laryngeal mask is easier and more accessible than endotracheal intubation, and mortality rates do not differ between the 2 methods. Therefore, in neonatal resuscitation, laryngeal masks are recommended in infants with gestational age >34 weeks and/or with a birth weight >2 kg, in cases of unsuccessful face mask ventilation (as a primary airway device) or endotracheal intubation (as a secondary airway device, alternative airway). In other words, laryngeal masks are recommended when endotracheal intubation fails as well as when PPV cannot be achieved. Although laryngeal masks are commonly used in anesthetized pediatric patients, they are infrequently used in neonatal resuscitation due to limited experience, a preference for endotracheal tubes, or a lack of awareness among the healthcare providers. Thus, healthcare providers must be aware of the usefulness of laryngeal masks in depressed neonates requiring PPV or endotracheal intubation, which can promptly resuscitate these infants and improve their outcomes, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.

Although positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) has traditionally been performed using a face mask in neonatal resuscitation, face mask ventilation for delivering PPV has a high failure rate due to mask leaks, airway obstruction, or gastric inflation. Furthermore, face mask ventilation is compromised during chest compressions. Endotracheal intubation in neonates requires a high skill level, with a first-attempt success rate of <50%. Laryngeal masks can transfer positive pressure more effectively even during chest compressions, resulting in a lower PPV failure rate compared to that of face masks in neonatal resuscitation. In addition, inserting a laryngeal mask is easier and more accessible than endotracheal intubation, and mortality rates do not differ between the 2 methods. Therefore, in neonatal resuscitation, laryngeal masks are recommended in infants with gestational age >34 weeks and/or with a birth weight >2 kg, in cases of unsuccessful face mask ventilation (as a primary airway device) or endotracheal intubation (as a secondary airway device, alternative airway). In other words, laryngeal masks are recommended when endotracheal intubation fails as well as when PPV cannot be achieved. Although laryngeal masks are commonly used in anesthetized pediatric patients, they are infrequently used in neonatal resuscitation due to limited experience, a preference for endotracheal tubes, or a lack of awareness among the healthcare providers. Thus, healthcare providers must be aware of the usefulness of laryngeal masks in depressed neonates requiring PPV or endotracheal intubation, which can promptly resuscitate these infants and improve their outcomes, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.

Although positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) has traditionally been performed using a face mask in neonatal resuscitation, face mask ventilation for delivering PPV has a high failure rate due to mask leaks, airway obstruction, or gastric inflation. Furthermore, face mask ventilation is compromised during chest compressions. Endotracheal intubation in neonates requires a high skill level, with a first-attempt success rate of <50%. Laryngeal masks can transfer positive pressure more effectively even during chest compressions, resulting in a lower PPV failure rate compared to that of face masks in neonatal resuscitation. In addition, inserting a laryngeal mask is easier and more accessible than endotracheal intubation, and mortality rates do not differ between the 2 methods. Therefore, in neonatal resuscitation, laryngeal masks are recommended in infants with gestational age >34 weeks and/or with a birth weight >2 kg, in cases of unsuccessful face mask ventilation (as a primary airway device) or endotracheal intubation (as a secondary airway device, alternative airway). In other words, laryngeal masks are recommended when endotracheal intubation fails as well as when PPV cannot be achieved. Although laryngeal masks are commonly used in anesthetized pediatric patients, they are infrequently used in neonatal resuscitation due to limited experience, a preference for endotracheal tubes, or a lack of awareness among the healthcare providers. Thus, healthcare providers must be aware of the usefulness of laryngeal masks in depressed neonates requiring PPV or endotracheal intubation, which can promptly resuscitate these infants and improve their outcomes, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used chemical for production of plastics. However occupational asthma (OA) caused by PVC has been reported only rarely. We report a 34-yr-old male wallpaper factory worker with OA due to PVC and nickel (Ni) whose job was mixing PVC with plasticizers. He visited the emergency room due to an asthma attack with moderate airflow obstruction and markedly increased sputum eosinophil numbers. A methacholine challenge test was positive (PC20 2.5 mg/mL). Bronchoprovocation tests with both PVC and Ni showed early and late asthmatic responses, respectively. Moreover, the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was increased after challenge with PVC. To our knowledge, this is the first case of OA in Korea induced by exposure to both PVC and Ni. We suggest that eosinophilic inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of PVC-induced OA and that FeNO monitoring can be used for its diagnosis.
Adult ; Asthma, Occupational/*chemically induced/*diagnosis ; Breath Tests ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Environmental Exposure ; Eosinophilia/*diagnosis ; Exhalation ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Nickel ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Occupational Exposure ; Plasticizers ; Polyvinyl Chloride

Traumatic aniridia is usually accompanied by severe anterior segment disruption including corneal laceration, cataract, and vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber. We experienced a case of complete traumatic aniridia following corneal laceration without capsular rupture of lens, which has not been reported in Korea. A 28-year-old man had a corneal laceration of his right eye from a screw driver at work, which resulted in complete aniridia with only a remnant of ciliary process and UCVA was 0.08. Primary closure of corneal laceration was performed. During surgery, lens capsule was intact. Visual acuity was reduced 10 days after surgery as cataract developed. Although UCVA was 0.3 at 1 month postoperatively, he was symtomatic with glare due to aniridia.
Adult ; Aniridia* ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Glare ; Humans ; Korea ; Lacerations* ; Prolapse ; Rupture ; Visual Acuity

With the advancement of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology, fabrication of dentures using this technology has gained popularity. As one of CAD-CAM technologies, digital complete denture system has been introduced, which fabricates complete dentures using subtractive manufacturing of monolithic block containing both the color of a denture base and an artificial tooth. In this case, two pairs of upper and lower dentures were fabricated for two patients. Two pairs of complete dentures were fabricated for a 74-year-old male and a 73-year-old female respectively by conventional denture fabrication method and digital method of milling. To obtain a digital complete denture, monolithic block (Ivotion, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was chosen for the materials to fabricate the digital complete dentures. An individual tray was designed using CAD software and manufactured by 3D printing technique. The final impression and interocclusal relationship were recorded using the fabricated individual tray. The final impression was scanned, and the complete denture design and try-in denture were 3D printed using CAD-CAM software. Subsequently, the monolithic block was milled, and the final dentures were fabricated and tried on patients. Previously mentioned two patient cases compared and analyzed stability, fit, speaking, mastication, aesthetics, and patient satisfaction of two pairs of dentures: one fabricated using CAD-CAM system and the other using traditional methods. This was performed to evaluate and report the findings from both denture-making approaches.

PURPOSE: In this study, factors of metabolic syndrome and nutritional status were examined according to gender and occupations using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: This study was conducted on 1,750 workers (male : 892, female : 858) aged between 30 and 64, who participated in a health survey, health examination, and nutrition survey using the 6th 2013 KNHANES. Occupations were classified into white collar and blue collar workers, and nutrient intake was analyzed using a food frequency questionnaire. Analysis of complex sample design data through SPSS 19.0 was used for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome among blue collar (35.1%) was higher than that among white collar workers (26.8%) in male subjects (p < 0.05) as well as in blue collar (24.8%) compared to white collar workers (8.9%) in female subjects (p < 0.001). Intake frequency per week, considering one portion by food category, showed significant differences in cooked rice (p < 0.05) and bakeries and confectioneries (p < 0.05) in make workers as well as stew and casserole (p < 0.01) and fruits (p < 0.05) in female workers. With regard to nutrient intake by occupation and gender, white collar workers consumed a greater amount of nutrients (not including total energy intake) compared to blue collar workers in both male and female workers. With regard to nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) according to gender and occupation, white collar workers showed higher numbers than blue collar workers in both male and female subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake according to gender and occupation. In both male and female subjects, blue collar workers showed higher prevalence rates compared to white collar workers, and their diet quality was worse than white collar workers' diet quality. Considering this result, customized nutrition education according to gender and occupation should be provided to workers to prevent diseases.
Diet ; Education ; Female ; Fruit ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status* ; Occupations* ; Prevalence*

Submucosal tumors (SMTs) originate from tissues that constitute the submucosal layer and muscularis propria, and are covered by normal mucosa. Esophageal SMTs are rare, accounting for <1% of all esophageal tumors. However, the recent widespread use of endoscopy has led to a rapid increase in incidental detection of SMTs in Korea. Esophageal SMTs are benign in ≥90% of cases, but the possibility of malignancies such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor and malignant leiomyosarcoma still exists. Therefore, patients undergo resection in the presence of symptoms or the possibility of a malignant tumor. For resection of esophageal SMTs, surgical resection was the only option available in case of possible malignancy, but minimally invasive surgery by endoscopic resection is becoming more preferable to surgical resection with the development of endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic techniques, and other devices.
Endoscopy ; Endosonography ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Korea ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Mucous Membrane

Ideal low vision devices used for reading should have a large clear field of view.To determine the usefulness of Aspheric Doublet Lens, we compared visual field, image clarity and reading speed of aids in 100 patients who were prescribed with Aspheric doublet lens, Telemicroscope with plus cap and Hand held magnifier.Aspheric doublet lens was prescribed most commonly.Used lens of optical aids was aspheric doublet lens, aplantic lens, biconvex lens and aspheric lens.Visual field and image clarity of Aspheric doublet lens were wider and clearer than those of other devices.Reading speed of each aid after prescription was improved significantly than before prescription (P=0.01).Reading speed of Aspheric doublet lens was more improved than that of other devices.Therefore Aspheric doublet lens might be useful as reading aids to low vision patients.
Hand ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Vision, Low ; Visual Fields