A man should control his ejaculation until a woman has an orgasm if the couple desires to achieve mutual orgasms during sexual intercourse. In male-oriented traditional societies, men have sexual relations without concerns about female sexuality. On the contrary, men's erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation have been regarded as detrimental to sexual relationships since female sexuality has gained similar importance to male sexuality in the context of gender equality. Thus, many men would like to sustain erections for as long as desired and regulate their ejaculation like the experts in the Tantric sex or Taoism. Sexual techniques or teachings of the ancient Tantric sex or Taoism may sound illogical from a modern medical perspective, but they have something to teach us, such as focusing on foreplay to achieve female orgasm. Several issues on men's erectile capability and ejaculation are discussed in this article, while reviewing a variety of viewpoints on male sexual functioning.
Coitus ; Ejaculation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orgasm ; Premature Ejaculation ; Religious Philosophies ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the clinical and phylogenetic characteristics of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections (E. coli UTI). METHODS: We enrolled patients with culture-proven E. coli UTI, who were admitted at the study hospital from September 2008 to August 2009. We investigated clinical data of patients with E. coli UTI and characteristics of isolated E. coli strains. The phylogenetic groups were classified using triplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the distribution of nine virulent genes was determined by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients have participated in this study. Thirty (63.8%) were under 6 months; eight (17.0%) were between 6-12 months; and nine (19.1%) were over 12 months. We compared two age groups between under 6-month and over 6-month. In the age group under 6-month, higher proportion of male (P=0.002) and group B2 strains (P=0.020) were observed. In contrast, higher proportion of female and group non-B2 strains were observed in age group over 6-month. Frequencies of papC, papGII, papGIII, sfa/foc, hlyC, cnf1, fyuA, iroN and iucC were estimated as 68.1%, 57.4%, 42.6%, 46.8%, 46.8%, 31.9%, 87.2%, 48.9% and 63.8%, respectively. In the comparison of phylogenetic groups, group B2 showed higher distribution of virulent genes, while group D included more strains resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) than other groups. CONCLUSION: We showed the age group-specific difference in the distribution of sex ratios and phylogenetic groups; more male and group B2 strains in age group under 6-month, while more female and group non-B2 in age group over 6-month. However, further evaluation including larger number of patients will be necessary to confirm above thesis in future molecular epidemiological studies.
Epidemiologic Studies ; Escherichia ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sex Ratio ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

Purpose: To investigate the tomographic structural changes in the retinal layers after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods: Sixty-nine eyes treated with vitrectomy and ILM peeling for idiopathic ERM were analyzed. Parafoveal retinal thickness was measured at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Results: Total retinal thickness decreased significantly in the nasal and temporal subfields after surgery (p < 0.001), whereas the inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer showed nasal thickening (all, p < 0.001). The postoperative temporalasal subfield thickness ratio of each layer was significantly lower than that of fellow eyes. Eyes with larger ILM peeling showed a significantly lower temporalasal subfield thickness ratio (p = 0.033) than those with smaller sizes. Conclusions The retinal thickness of each layer showed anatomical changes from ILM peeling and ERM removal. Nasal parafoveal thickening and temporal thinning occurred in the inner retinal architecture, which might be affected by ILM peeling size.

Background: Axitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase 1,2 and 3, is used in chemotherapy because it inhibits tumor angiogenesis by blocking the VEGF/VEGFR pathway. In veterinary medicine, attempts have been made to apply tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anti-angiogenic effects to tumor patients, but there are no studies on axitinib in canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs). Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the antitumor activity of axitinib in canine mammary gland cell lines. Methods: We treated canine MGT cell lines (CIPp and CIPm) with axitinib and conducted CCK, wound healing, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. Additionally, we evaluated the expression levels of angiogenesis-associated factors, including VEGFs, PDGF-A, FGF-2, and TGF-β1, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we collected canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), activated them with concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated them with axitinib to investigate changes in viability. Results: When axitinib was administered to CIPp and CIPm, cell viability significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h (p < 0.001), and migration was markedly reduced (6 h, p < 0.05; 12 h, p < 0.005). The apoptosis rate significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the G2/M phase ratio showed a significant increase (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was no significant change in the viability of canine PBMCs treated with LPS and ConA. Conclusion In this study, we confirmed the antitumor activity of axitinib against canine MGT cell lines. Accordingly, we suggest that axitinib can be applied as a new treatment for patients with canine MGTs.

Sweet's syndrome is a reactive dermatosis characterized clinically by fever, leukocytosis, and multiple, erythematous, painful plaques. Histopathologic examination reveals a band-like dense dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of neutrophils with papillary dermal edema, and no features of vasculitis. We report a case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with cervical cancer, who underwent surgery and concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Approximately 3 years after completing treatment, she presented with erythematous plaques, principally within the radiation field; the skin biopsy showed features consistent with Sweet's syndrome.
Biopsy ; Edema ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia in observational studies, but the causality of the association remains uncertain. This study tested a causal association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with T2D using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) associated with habitual coffee consumption in a previous genome-wide association study among Koreans. We analyzed the associations between IVs and T2D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h-postprandial glucose (2h-PG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The MR results were further evaluated by standard sensitivity tests for possible pleiotropism. RESULTS: MR analysis revealed that increased genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of T2D; ORs per one-unit increment of logtransformed cup per day of coffee consumption ranged from 0.75 (0.62–0.90) for the weighted mode-based method to 0.79 (0.62–0.99) for Wald ratio estimator. We also used the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted median-based method, MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO method. Similarly, genetically predicted coffee consumption was inversely associated with FBG and 2h-PG levels but not with HbA1c. Sensitivity measures gave similar results without evidence of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS A genetic predisposition to habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with T2D prevalence and lower levels of FBG and 2h-PG profiles. Our study warrants further exploration.

Background: Recent studies have indicated that hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine the association between sitting time and hyperuricemia in Korean adults. Methods: This study included 16,535 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level of ≥7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥6.0 mg/dL in women. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of hyperuricemia according to sitting time were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in participants with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day than those with sitting times of <5 hours/day in total participants, males, and females. The proportion of hyperuricemia was also significantly higher in participants with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day than those with sitting times of <5 hours/day in the total participants and males. Before and after adjusting for confounding variables, sitting times of ≥5 hours/day were associated with increased odds of hyperuricemia as compared with sitting times of <5 hours/day in total participants. Conclusion Our findings suggest that longer sitting time is associated with risk of hyperuricemia, and sitting time is an independent factor for hyperuricemia in Korean adults.

BACKGROUND: Eating breakfast is important for optimal growth and development in adolescence, and is associated with academic achievement as well as nutrition and health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and high school students' academic achievement.METHODS: We used data from the 2017 Korea Youth's Risk Behavior Web-Based Study, conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control (64,991 students). The relationship between academic achievement and breakfast consumption frequency was examined using logistic regression.RESULTS: Students who consumed breakfast frequently exhibited higher academic achievement as compared to their counterparts. There was a significant correlation between awareness of appropriate eating habits and breakfast consumption frequency. Further, students who had not received any education about eating habits exhibited low academic achievement.CONCLUSION: To improve the academic achievement of students, they should be motivated to eat breakfast every day. Additionally, appropriate education about eating habits need to be implemented at schools and at home to increase students' breakfast consumption frequency.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking

BACKGROUND: The TRUE test is a commercially available ready-to-apply patch test widely used in many countries, but no large-scale study is available on the TRUE test in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type, frequency, and changes in the common contact allergens in Korea using the TRUE test. METHODS: From January 2009 to March 2010, TRUE tests were performed on patients with contact dermatitis at the Departments of Dermatology of 15 hospitals. The epidemiological findings of patients, and the results of the patch tests were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 795 patch tested cases (246 males, 549 females) were compiled and analyzed. The oldest age distribution was the third decade in both males and females, and housewives and office-workers were the most common jobs, comprising 29.7% and 19.8% of the occupations, respectively. Overall, 65.1% of patients had at least one positive reaction, and the most common allergens were nickel sulfate (34.1%), thimerosal (12.6%), cobalt chloride (11.1%), and p-phenylenediamine (8.4%), in order of frequency. A univariate analysis of multiple variables including age, gender, occupation, and affected sites was conducted and a comparison with a previous multicenter study was also analyzed. CONCLUSION: These results provide the basis for use of the TRUE test in patients with contact dermatitis in Korea.
Age Distribution ; Allergens ; Cobalt ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nickel ; Occupations ; Patch Tests ; Phenylenediamines ; Thimerosal

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by adenovirus is a rare event in healthy adults, especially in non- military settings. Although treatment with intravenous ribavirin has been reported, supportive care, including mechanical ventilation, is known to be the main stay in the treatment of ARDS caused by adenovirus, with high-dose steroid treatment having rarely been reported. We report our experience with a 41-year-old, otherwise healthy, woman with ARDS, treated with high-dose steroid and mechanical ventilatory support.
Acute Disease ; Adenoviridae Infections/*complications ; Adult ; Female ; Human ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/pathology/radiography/therapy/*virology ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed