PURPOSE: To identify risk factors that affect the development of type 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and progression to type 1 or threshold ROP requiring treatment. METHODS: The medical records of premature infants born with a birth weight ≤1,500 g or a gestational age ≤32 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Potential risk factors were divided into systemic and ophthalmic factors and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-four eyes met the screening criteria. Among them, 41 eyes (12.65%) progressed to type 2 ROP and 21 eyes (6.48%) received treatment after progression to type 1 or threshold ROP. The systemic risk factor associated with progression from type 2 ROP was periventricular leukomalacia and the ophthalmic factor was the existence of nasal ROP at the time of diagnosis of type 2 ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Careful examination was needed when type 2 ROP with periventricular leukomalacia or nasal ROP developed because there was a high probability of progression and treatment.
Birth Weight ; Diagnosis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Purpose: To determine the prognostic role of muscle area and muscle radiation attenuation in the erector spinae (ES) and multifidus (MF) muscles in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: Patients with stage I-III gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Both paraspinal muscle index of ES/MF muscles (PMIEM) and paraspinal muscle radiation attenuation in the same muscles (PMRAEM) were analyzed at the 3rd lumbar level using axial computed tomographic images. Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and diseasefree survival (DFS). Results: There was only a weak correlation between PMIEM and PMRAEM (r = 0.28). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that PMRAEM, but not PMIEM, was an important determinant of survival. PMRAEM along with age, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, perineural invasion, and serum albumin level were significant determinants of both OS and DFS that constituted Model 1. Harrell’s concordance index and integrated area under receiver operating characteristic curve were greater for Model 1 than for Model 2 (consisting of the same covariates as Model 1 except PMRAEM) or Model 3 (consisting of only TNM stage). Conclusion PMRAEM, but not PMIEM, was an important determinant of survival. Because there was only a weak correlation between PMIEM and PMRAEM in this study, it was presumed that they were mutually exclusive. Model 1 consisting of age, TNM stage, perineural invasion, serum albumin level, and PMRAEM was greater than nested models (i.e., Model 2 or Model 3) in predicting survival outcomes.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (P = 0.887), depression (P = 0.248), stress (P = 0.994), or self-management (P = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (P = 0.031). Conclusion It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.